oSIST prEN ISO 294-5:2025
(Main)Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
ISO 294-5:2017 specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm and a minimum size of 80 mm × ≥90 mm and with a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. It has been found to provide the maximum anisotropic properties, with only a slight sensitivity to the rate of injection. Whenever possible, a two cavity mould is intended to be used. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Matching the plate thickness to a given part thickness is not a suitable criterion because of the effect of mould filling rate and part geometry on anisotropy.
Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool.
In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour.
For the purposes of ISO 294-5:2017, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction.
The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.
Kunststoffe - Spritzgießen von Probekörpern aus Thermoplasten - Teil 5: Herstellung von Standardprobekörpern zur Ermittlung der Anisotropie (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Plastiques - Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques - Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer l'anisotropie (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
L'ISO 294-5 :2017 spécifie un moule (appelé moule ISO de type F) pour le moulage par injection de plaques avec des dimensions préférentielles de 80 mm × 120 mm et des dimensions minimales de 80 mm × ≥ 90 mm ayant une épaisseur préférentielle de 2 mm pour l'acquisition des caractéristiques intrinsèques en simples ou multipoints. Il s'est avéré qu'il apporte les propriétés anisotropes maximales, avec seulement une légère sensibilité à la vitesse d'injection. Un moule à deux empreintes doit être utilisé chaque fois que possible. Pour la conception des pièces en matière plastique, cela va apporter des limites inférieures et supérieures aux propriétés en traction. La correspondance entre l'épaisseur de la plaque et l'épaisseur d'une pièce donnée n'est pas un critère approprié à cause des effets de la vitesse de remplissage du moule et de la géométrie des pièces sur l'anisotropie.
La détermination de l'anisotropie des matériaux est un mode opératoire spécial destiné à fournir des lignes directrices lors de la conception des moulages pour des applications finales et n'est pas destiné à être utilisé comme outil de contrôle qualité.
Dans un thermoplastique moulé par injection, le flux du polymère fondu peut influer sur l'orientation des charges comme les fibres de verre ou sur l'orientation des chaînes de polymères. Il peut en découler un comportement anisotrope.
Pour l'ISO 294-5 :2017, la direction du flux est définie comme étant la direction allant du seuil jusqu'au fond de la cavité du moule, et la direction transversale est la direction perpendiculaire à la direction du flux.
Le moule de type F n'est pas destiné à remplacer le moule de type D utilisé pour la détermination du retrait au moulage des thermoplastiques.
Polimerni materiali - Vbrizgavanje plastomernih preskušancev - 5. del: Priprava standardnih preskušancev za preiskovanje anizotropije (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2025
Polimerni materiali - Vbrizgavanje plastomernih preskušancev - 5. del: Priprava
standardnih preskušancev za preiskovanje anizotropije (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5:
Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Kunststoffe - Spritzgießen von Probekörpern aus Thermoplasten - Teil 5: Herstellung
von Standardprobekörpern zur Ermittlung der Anisotropie (ISO/DIS 294-5:2024)
Plastiques - Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques -
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer l'anisotropie (ISO/DIS
294-5:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 294-5
ICS:
83.080.20 Plastomeri Thermoplastic materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastics — Injection moulding of
Secretariat: KATS
test specimens of thermoplastic
Voting begins on:
materials —
2024-11-11
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
2025-02-03
Preparation of standard specimens
for investigating anisotropy
Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux
thermoplastiques —
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
ICS: 83.080.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastics — Injection moulding of
Secretariat: KATS
test specimens of thermoplastic
Voting begins on:
materials —
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
Preparation of standard specimens
for investigating anisotropy
Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux
thermoplastiques —
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
ICS: 83.080.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2024
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
4.1 Type F ISO mould .2
4.2 Injection-moulding machine .4
5 Procedure . 4
5.1 Conditioning of material .4
5.2 Injection moulding .4
5.3 Preparation of test specimen . .4
6 Report on test specimen preparation . 5
Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens . 6
Bibliography . 7
iii
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9, Thermoplastic
materials.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 294-5:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the size of the plate has been changed from 80 mm × 90 mm × 2 mm to 80 mm × 120 mm × 2 mm;
— the maximum mould-locking force in 4.2 has been recalculated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 294 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Introduction
Reinforced and self-reinforcing injection-mouldable thermoplastics are used in a wide variety of applications,
some of which can be safety-related. During the injection-moulding process, reinforcement fibres can
preferentially align with the flow of the molten material and not across the flow direction. This preferential
alignment causes an imbalance in the properties of the moulded thermoplastic so that, in the flow direction,
the alignment of the reinforcing fibres causes a higher strength and stiffness than in the cross direction with
fewer aligned fibres. This difference in properties is termed anisotropy and it may result in an injection-
moulded component having less than the desired or designed strength. To aid designers in understanding
the potential strength of an injection-moulded component, it is desirable to know about the anisotropy of an
injection-moulded component.
During the development of this document, it was found that injection-moulded test specimens do not exhibit
the same fibre alignment across their thickness, but that the outer layers have fibres preferentially aligned
in the mould filling direction while the core has randomly oriented fibres (i.e. no preferential alignment).
The ratio of the cross-sectional area of aligned-fibre orientation (i.e. “skin” layer thickness) to that of
random-fibre orientation (i.e. “core” thickness) is affected by the specimen thickness and the mould filling
rate, i.e. the average injection velocity. Thicker specimens exhibit a lower proportion of aligned fibres than
do thinner specimens. Slower mould fill speeds lead to thicker “skin” layers with aligned fibres. As a result,
to obtain meaningful data on a particular design of moulding, an investigator should prepare specimens
with the maximum anisotropic properties, as this data will best represent the upper and lower bounds of a
composite structure. Since the specimen thickness and injection velocity have a significant influence on the
final anisotropy, this document should only be used for determining information that is useful in designing
mouldings and not as a quality control test for the plastic material itself.
A survey of more than 10 raw material suppliers worldwide carried out from 2010 to 2013 clearly indicated
that the preparation of plates which provide a suitable degree of anisotropy requires plates with non-square
shape to ensure a fibre orientation in flow direction. Under the conditions of this study, the highest degree of
anisotropy was obtained using a plate with dimensions 120 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm. It can be considered that
plates longer than 120 mm will show at least as good results. Square plates (e.g. 80 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm or
even 150 mm × 150 mm × 2 mm) resulted in problems sometimes independent of the size. Within this study,
the plate with size 90 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm as required in the previous edition of this document did not
perform well in any case and was removed from this Standard.
v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of
thermoplastic materials —
Part 5:
Preparation of standard specimens for investigating
anisotropy
1 Scope
This document specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with
a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm and with a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-
point data acquisition. It has been found to provide the maximum anisotropic properties, with only a slight
sensitivity to the rate of injection. Whenever possible, a two cavity mould is intended to be used. For the
design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Matching the
plate thickness to a given part thickness is not a suitable criterion because of the effect of mould filling rate
and part geometry on anisotropy.
Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design
of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool.
In the injection moulding of thermoplastic material
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.