SIST EN 14086:2003
(Main)Paper and board - Measurement of specular gloss - 45° gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method
Paper and board - Measurement of specular gloss - 45° gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method
This European Standard specifies a photometric test method for the assessment of visual gloss by means of a reflectometer value measured at an angle of 45°. It is applicable to plane paper and board surfaces of high gloss, commonly called glossy papers and boards, having reflectance values, measured according to this European Standard, above approximately 7. Materials containing optical brightning agents may be measured.
Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung des Glanzes - Messung mit einem parallelen Strahl bei 45°, DIN-Verfahren
Papiers et cartons - Mesurage du brillant spéculaire - Brillant a 45° avec un faisceau parallele, méthode DIN
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode d'essai photométrique pour l'évaluation du brillant visuel a l'aide d'une valeur réflectométrique mesurée sous un angle de 45°. Elle s'applique aux surfaces planes de papiers et de cartons de brillant élevé, généralement désignées sous le nom de papiers et cartons de brillant élevé, comportant des valeurs de réflectance, mesurées conformément a la présente norme européenne, au-dessus de 7 environ. Les matériaux contenant des azureurs optiques peuvent etre mesurés.
Papir, karton in lepenka – Merjenje zrcalnega sijaja – 45-stopinjski sijaj z vzporednim snopom svetlobe, metoda po DIN
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Papir, karton in lepenka – Merjenje zrcalnega sijaja – 45-stopinjski sijaj z vzporednim snopom svetlobe, metoda po DINPapier und Pappe - Bestimmung des Glanzes - Messung mit einem parallelen Strahl bei 45°, DIN-VerfahrenPapiers et cartons - Mesurage du brillant spéculaire - Brillant a 45° avec un faisceau parallele, méthode DINPaper and board - Measurement of specular gloss - 45° gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method85.060Papir, karton in lepenkaPaper and boardICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14086:2003SIST EN 14086:2003en01-september-2003SIST EN 14086:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14086:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14086January 2003ICS 85.060English versionPaper and board - Measurement of specular gloss - 45° glosswith a parallel beam, DIN methodPapiers et cartons - Mesurage du brillant spéculaire -Brillant à 45° avec un faisceau parallèle, méthode DINPapier und Pappe - Bestimmung des Glanzes - Messungmit einem parallelen Strahl bei 45°, DIN-VerfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 September 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14086:2003 ESIST EN 14086:2003
EN 14086:2003 (E)2ContentsForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.54Principle.55Equipment.55.1Apparatus.55.2Gloss standards.55.2.1Zero-gloss standards.65.2.2Primary gloss standards.65.2.3Working gloss standards.65.2.4Intermediate gloss standards.66Sampling.77Preparation of test pieces.77.1Conditioning.77.2Preparation.78Procedure.78.1Calibration.78.2Determination of reflectometer value.88.3Calculation and expression of results.89Test report.8Annex A (normative)
Description of the instrument.9A.1Design of the reflectometer value.9A.2Properties of the reflectometer.11A.2.1Dimensions and tolerances of angles.12A.2.2Spectral adaptation.12A.2.3Linearity and drift to display.13A.2.4Polarization.13A.3Test piece-holding device.13Annex B (informative)
Nominated organizations for calibration of intermediate gloss standards.14Annex C (informative)
Bibliography.15SIST EN 14086:2003
EN 14086:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 14086:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 172, "Pulp, paper andboard", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by July 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byJuly 2003.This Standard is in relation to EN ISO 8254 respectively ISO 8254 with the following parts¾ EN ISO 8254-1 "Paper and board – Measurement of specular gloss – Part 1: 75° gloss with a convergingbeam, TAPPI method¾ EN ISO 8254-2 "Paper and board – Measurement of specular gloss – Part 2: 75° gloss with a parallel beam,DIN method¾ ISO/DIS 8254-3 "Paper and board – Measurement of specular gloss – Part 3: 20° glossAccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 14086:2003
EN 14086:2003 (E)4IntroductionVisual gloss is a sensory impression which cannot yet be described completely. Some important physical variableswhich influence gloss are however known. The sensory perception of gloss under a suitable illumination results from aphysical stimulus due to reflection of light from a surface. This reflection is defined by an indicatrix which changes withthe angle of incidence. The maximum indicatrix value which is decisive for visual gloss impression is associated withspecular reflection, at an angle of reflection which is approximately equal to the angle of incidence. The reflectometervalue is determined by averaging the reflection in a defined angular region centered in the specular direction.NOTE 1A reflectometer value is a measure of the visual gloss only when the optical conditions of measurement,such as angles and apertures of illumination and observation are similar to the conditions of viewing.NOTE 2Because luminance and structure enter to some extent into the reflectometer value of the test piece, only thecomparison of test pieces with nearly the same luminance and structure is meaningful. The influence of luminance on themeasurement result decreases rapidly with increasing reflectometer value and increasing angle of reflection.The proportion of specular reflection in the entire reflection increases with increasing angle of incidence. Very mattsurfaces generate a noticeable degree of specular reflection and, therefore, a noticeable gloss effect only above acertain minimum angle of incidence. On the other hand, a large angle of incidence reduces the ability todifferentiate
between surfaces of high gloss.NOTE 3Manufacturers of coated papers usually divide their products into two classes, according to their surface gloss: mattcoating and gloss coating. However, these classes are only defined approximately. The glossy class has reflectometer values,measured according to this European Standard, above approximately 7, the matt class has reflectometer values lower than thisvalue. As there is no precise correlation between reflectometer values measured with different geometries, it is advisable tocompare the reflectometer values only within a single class of papers and using the same measuring geometry.This European Standard describes measurement at an angle of incidence of 45° using a parallel beam geometrycommonly known as the 45° DIN method. A second European Standard describes measurement at an angle of 75°(see EN ISO 8254-2).1 ScopeThis European Standard specifies a photometric test method for the assessment of visual gloss by means of areflectometer value measured at an angle of 45°. It is applicable to plane paper and board surfaces of high gloss,commonly called glossy papers and boards, having reflectance values, measured according to this EuropeanStandard, above approximately 7. Materials containing optical brightning agents may be measured.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).CIE-Publication No. 38, Radiometric and photometric characteristics.EN ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality (ISO 186:1994).EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure formonitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples (ISO 187:1990).SIST EN 14086:2003
EN 14086:2003 (E)5ISO 10110-5, Optic and optical instruments — Preparation of drawings for optical elements and systems — Part 5:Surface form tolerances.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1indicatrixangular distribution of the reflected light which is measured as illuminance on the receptor.3.2reflectometerinstrument for measuring quantities pertaining to reflection of light.3.3reflectometer valuemeasured variable which, for a given angle of incidence, is proportional to the integral of the reflection indicatrixwithin the solid angle defined by the apertures (see Annex A.2.1) and is equal to 100 times the ratio of the valueobtained for the sample to that of a defined specularly reflecting surface (see 5.2.2).3.4specular glossreflectometer value as defined in 3.3.NOTE 1The defined specularly reflecting surface thus has an assigned reflectometer value of 100. Reflectometervalues are therefore not percentages.NOTE 2These definitions are based on definitions in CIE-Publication No. 17.4.4 PrincipleThe sample is illuminated with a collimated beam at an angle of 45 ° to the normal, and the reflectometer value ismeasured within a solid angle defined by a given aperture at an angle of reflection equal to the angle of incidence.The scale of the reflectometer is calibrated with reference to the reflection from a black glass plate or a quartzwedge with a specific refractive index.5 Equipment5.1 ApparatusThe reflectometer shall consist of the following principal components: a collimator, a decollimator, an electric supplyfor the light source device, a photoelectronic receptor and a sample holder, as described in annex A.5.2 Gloss standardsThe reflectometer is calibrated by means of a zero-gloss standard and a high gloss standard with a reflectometervalue between about 80 and 100. This high gloss standard can be either a primary gloss standard or a workinggloss standard.Intermediate gloss standards with assigned reflectometer values are used to check the adjustment of the device.NOTEAs reflectometer values of gloss standards may change due to environmental influences, they should bechecked at least once per year.SIST EN 14086:2003
EN 14086:2003 (E)65.2.1 Zero-gloss standardsA zero-gloss standard is a gloss standard which, in the ideal case, absorbs all light falling on it. A black cavity linedwith black velvet or felt is one realisation of such a gloss standard that has been proven in practice.5.2.2 Primary gloss standardsA primary gloss standard is a gloss standard whose reflectometer value can be calculated by means of itsrefractive index using the Fresnel equation. The reflectometer value is defined as being equal to 100 for a blackglass plate or a fused quartz wedge with a nominal refractive index at n = 1,567 at a wavelength of 587,6 nm (He-d-line). A black glass plate or quartz wedge with a refractive index of a wavelength of 587,6 nm (see IS
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