SIST EN 60216-1:2002
(Main)Electrical insulating materials - Properties of thermal endurance - Part 1: Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results (IEC 60216-1:2001)
Electrical insulating materials - Properties of thermal endurance - Part 1: Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results (IEC 60216-1:2001)
Specifies the general ageing conditions and procedures to be used for deriving thermal endurance characteristics and gives guidance in using the detailed instructions and guidelines in the other parts of the standard. Simplified procedures are also given, with the conditions under which these procedures may be used. Although originally developed for use with electrical insulating materials and simple combinations of such materials, the procedures are considered to be of more general applicability and are widely used in the assessment of materials not intended for use as electrical insulation. In the application of this standard, it is assumed that a practically linear relationship exists between the logarithm of the time required to cause the predeter-mined property change and the reciprocal of the corresponding absolute temperature (Arrhenius relationship). For the valid application of the standard, no transition, in particular no first-order transition, should occur in the temperature range under study.
Elektroisolierstoffe - Eigenschaften hinsichtlich des thermischen Langzeitverhaltens - Teil 1: Warmlagerungsverfahren und Auswertung von Prüfergebnissen (IEC 60216-1:2001)
Matériaux isolants électriques - Propriétés d'endurance thermique - Partie 1: Méthodes de vieillissement et évaluation des résultats d'essai (CEI 60216-1:2001)
Spécifie les conditions générales de vieillissement et les méthodes à utiliser pour en extraire les caractéristiques d'endurance thermique, et fixe des orientations pour l'utilisation des instructions détaillées et des directives précisées dans les autres parties de la norme. Des méthodes simplifiées sont également données, avec les conditions dans lesquelles ces méthodes peuvent être utilisées. Même si à l'origine elles ont été développées pour être utilisées sur les matériaux isolants électriques et des combinaisons simples de tels matériaux, ces méthodes sont considérées comme étant applicables plus généralement et sont largement utilisées pour vérifier des matériaux non destinés à être utilisés comme isolants électriques. Dans l'application de cette norme, on suppose qu'une relation pratiquement linéaire existe entre le logarithme du temps nécessaire pour provoquer la modification prédéterminée de la propriété, et l'inverse de la température absolue correspondante (relation d'Arrhenius). Pour que la norme soit valable, il convient qu'il n'y ait pas de transition, en particulier de transition du premier ordre, dans la gamme de températures à l'étude.
Električni izolacijski materiali - Lastnosti toplotne vzdržljivosti - 1. del: Postopki staranja in vrednotenje preskusnih rezultatov (IEC 60216-1:2001)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60216-1:2002
01-oktober-2002
1DGRPHãþD
SIST HD 611.1 S1:1998
SIST HD 611.4.1 S1:1998
(OHNWULþQLL]RODFLMVNLPDWHULDOL/DVWQRVWLWRSORWQHY]GUåOMLYRVWLGHO 3RVWRSNL
VWDUDQMDLQYUHGQRWHQMHSUHVNXVQLKUH]XOWDWRY ,(&
Electrical insulating materials - Properties of thermal endurance - Part 1: Ageing
procedures and evaluation of test results (IEC 60216-1:2001)
Elektroisolierstoffe - Eigenschaften hinsichtlich des thermischen Langzeitverhaltens - Teil
1: Warmlagerungsverfahren und Auswertung von Prüfergebnissen (IEC 60216-1:2001)
Matériaux isolants électriques - Propriétés d'endurance thermique - Partie 1: Méthodes
de vieillissement et évaluation des résultats d'essai (CEI 60216-1:2001)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60216-1:2001
ICS:
29.035.01 Izolacijski materiali na Insulating materials in
splošno general
SIST EN 60216-1:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60216-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2001
ICS 17.220.99;29.035.01 Supersedes HD 611.1 S1:1992
English version
Electrical insulating materials -
Properties of thermal endurance
Part 1: Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results
(IEC 60216-1:2001)
Matériaux isolants électriques - Elektroisolierstoffe -
Propriétés d'endurance thermique Eigenschaften hinsichtlich des
Partie 1: Méthodes de vieillissement et thermischen Langzeitverhaltens
évaluation des résultats d'essai Teil 1: Warmlagerungsverfahren und
(CEI 60216-1:2001) Auswertung von Prüfergebnissen
(IEC 60216-1:2001)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2001-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2001 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60216-1:2001 E
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EN 60216-1:2001 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 15E/153/FDIS, future edition 5 of IEC 60216-1, prepared by SC 15E, Methods of
test, of IEC TC 15, Insulating materials, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 60216-1 on 2001-10-01.
This European Standard supersedes HD 611.1 S1:1992.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2002-07-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2004-10-01
Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.
Annexes designated "informative" are given for information only.
In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annexes A, B and C are informative.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60216-1:2001 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
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- 3 - EN 60216-1:2001
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-212 1990 International Electrotechnical --
Vocabulary (IEV)
Chapter 212: Insulating solids, liquids
and gases
IEC 60212 1971 Standard conditions for use prior to and HD 437 S1 1984
during the testing of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC 60216-2 1990 Guide for the determination of thermal HD 611.2 S1 1992
endurance properties of electrical
insulating materials
Part 2: Choice of test criteria
1)
IEC 60216-3 Part 3: Instructions for calculating--
thermal endurance characteristics
IEC 60216-4-1 1990 Part 4: Ageing ovens -- Section 1: HD 611.4.1 S1 1992
Single-chamber ovens
IEC 60493-1 1974 Guide for the statistical analysis of--
ageing test data - Part 1: Methods
based on mean values of normally
distributed test results
ISO 291 1997 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for--
conditioning and testing
ISO 2578 1993 Plastics EN ISO 2578 1998
Determination of time-temperature limits
after prolonged exposure to heat
ISO 11346 1997 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic--
Estimation of life-time and maximum
temperature of use from an Arrhenius
plot
1)
To be published.
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NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60216-1
INTERNATIONAL
Cinquième édition
STANDARD
Fifth edition
2001-07
Matériaux isolants électriques –
Propriétés d'endurance thermique –
Partie 1:
Méthodes de vieillissement et
évaluation des résultats d'essai
Electrical insulating materials –
Properties of thermal endurance –
Part 1:
Ageing procedures and
evaluation of test results
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Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION . 11
1 Scope . 15
2 Normative references. 15
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 17
3.1 Terms and definitions . 17
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 21
4 Synopsis of procedures. 23
4.1 Full procedures. 23
4.2 Simplified numerical and graphical evaluation procedures . 23
5 Detailed experimental procedures . 25
5.1 Selection of test procedures. 25
5.1.1 General considerations . 25
5.1.2 Specific instructions for determination of TI. 25
5.1.3 Determination of TI for times other than 20 000 h. 25
5.2 Selection of end-points . 25
5.3 Preparation and number of test specimens . 27
5.3.1 Preparation . 27
5.3.2 Number of specimens . 27
5.4 Establishment of initial property value. 29
5.5 Exposure temperatures and times. 29
5.6 Ageing ovens. 31
5.7 Environmental conditions . 31
5.7.1 Atmospheric conditions during ageing . 31
5.7.2 Conditions for property measurement. 31
5.8 Procedure for ageing . 33
5.8.1 Procedure using a non-destructive test . 33
5.8.2 Procedure using a proof test . 33
5.8.3 Procedure using a destructive test . 35
6 Evaluation. 35
6.1 Numerical analysis of test data . 35
6.2 Thermal endurance characteristics and formats . 35
6.3 Times to end-point, x- and y-values. 37
6.3.1 Non-destructive tests . 37
6.3.2 Proof tests . 39
6.3.3 Destructive tests . 39
6.4 Means and variances . 39
6.4.1 Complete data. 39
6.4.2 Incomplete (censored) data. 41
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 5 –
6.5 General means and variances and regression analysis . 41
6.6 Statistical tests and data requirements . 41
6.6.1 Data of all types. 41
6.6.2 Proof tests . 43
6.6.3 Destructive tests . 43
6.7 Thermal endurance graph and thermal endurance characteristics . 45
6.8 Test report. 45
7 Simplified procedures . 47
7.1 Outline description of procedures. 47
7.2 Experimental procedures . 47
7.2.1 Choice of diagnostic test . 47
7.2.2 Choice of end-point. 47
7.2.3 Test specimens. 47
7.3 Exposure temperatures. 49
7.4 Ageing ovens. 49
7.5 Procedure. 49
7.5.1 Initial property values. 49
7.5.2 Ageing procedure. 51
7.6 Simplified calculation procedures. 51
7.6.1 Times to end-point . 51
7.6.2 Calculation of the regression line . 51
7.6.3 Calculation of deviation from linearity. 53
7.6.4 Temperature index and halving interval. 55
7.6.5 Validity of simplified calculations. 55
7.6.6 Test report . 55
Annex A (informative) Dispersion and non-linearity. 67
Annex B (informative) Exposure temperatures and times. 71
Annex C (informative) Concepts in earlier editions . 77
Figure 1 – Property variation – Determination of time to end-point at each temperature
(destructive and non-destructive tests) . 59
Figure 2 – Estimation of times to end-point – Property value (ordinate, arbitrary units)
versus time (abscissa, log scale, arbitrary units) . 61
Figure 3 – Destructive tests – Estimation of time to end-point . 63
Figure 4 – Thermal endurance graph. 65
Figure C.1 – Relative temperature index . 79
Table 1 – Suggested exposure temperatures and times. 57
Table B.1 – Groups .75
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS –
PROPERTIES OF THERMAL ENDURANCE –
Part 1: Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60216-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 15E: Methods of
test, of IEC technical committee 15: Insulating materials.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 1990 and constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
15E/153/FDIS 15E/155/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing
standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next revision.
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 9 –
Annexes A, B and C are for information only.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged
until 2006. At this date, the publication will be
reconfirmed;
withdrawn;
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
The listing of the thermal capabilities of electrical insulating materials, based on service
experience, was found to be impractical, owing to the rapid development of polymer and
insulation technologies and the long time necessary to acquire appropriate service
experience. Accelerated ageing and test procedures were therefore required to obtain the
necessary information. The IEC 60216 series has been developed to formalize these
procedures and the interpretation of their results.
Physico-chemical models postulated for the ageing processes led to the almost universal
assumption of the Arrhenius equations to describe the rate of ageing. Out of this arose
the concept of the temperature index (TI) as a single-point characteristic based upon
accelerated ageing data. This is the numerical value of the temperature in °C at which the
time taken for deterioration of a selected property to reach an accepted end-point is that
specified (usually 20 000 h).
NOTE The term Arrhenius is widely used (and understood) to indicate a linear relationship between the logarithm
of a time and the reciprocal of the thermodynamic (absolute or kelvin) temperature. The correct usage is restricted
to such a relationship between a reaction rate constant and the thermodynamic temperature. The common usage is
employed throughout this standard.
The large statistical scatter of test data which was found, together with the frequent
occurrence of substantial deviations from the ideal behaviour, demonstrated the need for tests
to assess the validity of the basic physico-chemical model. The application of conventional
statistical tests, as set out in IEC 60493, fulfilled this requirement, resulting in the "confidence
limit", (TC) of TI, but the simple, single-point TI was found inadequate to describe the
capabilities of materials. This led to the concept of the "Thermal Endurance Profile" (TEP)
given in the second edition of this part of IEC 60216, incorporating the temperature index, its
variation with specified ageing time, and a confidence limit.
A complicating factor is that the properties of a material subjected to thermal ageing may not
all deteriorate at the same rate, and different end-points may be relevant for different
applications. Consequently, a material may be assigned more than one temperature index,
derived, for example, from the measurement of different properties and the use of different
end-point times.
A useful addition to the standard was the relative temperature index (RTI) obtained by simul-
taneous ageing of a known reference material with the test material, eliminating some of the
uncertainties associated with, for example, oven temperature control.
It was subsequently found that the statistical confidence index included in the TEP was not
widely understood or used. However, the statistical tests were considered essential,
particularly after minor modifications to make them relate better to practical circumstances:
the concept of the halving interval (HIC) was introduced to indicate the rate of change of
ageing time with temperature. TEP was then abandoned, with the TI and HIC being reported
in a way which indicated whether or not the statistical tests had been fully satisfied. At the
same time, the calculation procedures were made more comprehensive, enabling full
statistical testing of data obtained using a diagnostic property of any type, including the
particular case of partially incomplete data. The calculation procedures (by now quite
complex) were made more acceptable by the provision of computer programmes suitable for
low-price personal computers.
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 13 –
At the time of preparation of the present edition, it was decided that RTI should be made the
subject of a separate standard.
Simultaneously with the development of the IEC 60216 series, other standards were being
developed in ISO, intended to satisfy a similar requirement for plastics and rubber materials.
These are ISO 2578 and ISO 11346 respectively, which use less rigorous statistical
procedures and more restricted experimental techniques. It is hoped that the wide availability
of the computer facilities mentioned above and the inclusion of a section of simplified
procedures will remove the need for these separate standards.
IEC 60216, which deals with the determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical
insulating materials is composed of several parts:
Part 1: Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results;
Part 2: Choice of test criteria;
Part 3: Instruction for calculating thermal endurance characteristics;
Part 4-1: Ageing ovens – Section 1: Single-chamber ovens;
Part 4-2: Ageing ovens – Precision ovens for use up to 300 °C;
Part 4-3: Ageing ovens – Multi-chamber ovens;
Part 5: Guidelines for the application of thermal endurance characteristics.
NOTE This series may be extended. For revisions and new parts, see the current catalogue of IEC publications
for an up-to-date list.
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 15 –
ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS –
PROPERTIES OF THERMAL ENDURANCE –
Part 1: Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60216 specifies the general ageing conditions and procedures to be used for
deriving thermal endurance characteristics and gives guidance in using the detailed
instructions and guidelines in the other parts of the standard.
Simplified procedures are also given, with the conditions under which these procedures may
be used.
Although originally developed for use with electrical insulating materials and simple
combinations of such materials, the procedures are considered to be of more general
applicability and are widely used in the assessment of materials not intended for use as
electrical insulation.
In the application of this standard, it is assumed that a practically linear relationship exists
between the logarithm of the time required to cause the predetermined property change and
the reciprocal of the corresponding absolute temperature (Arrhenius relationship).
For the valid application of the standard, no transition, in particular no first-order transition,
should occur in the temperature range under study.
Throughout the rest of this standard the term "insulating materials" is always taken to mean
"insulating materials and simple combinations of such materials".
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60216. For dated references, subsequent amend-
ments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this part of IEC 60216 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC
and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60050(212):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 212:
Insulating solids, liquids and gases
IEC 60212:1971, Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC 60216-2:1990, Guide for the determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical
insulating materials – Part 2: Choice of test criteria
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 17 –
IEC 60216-3, Guide for the determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical
insulating materials – Part 3: Instructions for calculating thermal endurance characteristics
IEC 60216-4-1:1990, Guide for the determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical
insulating materials – Part 4: Ageing ovens – Section 1: Single-chamber ovens
IEC 60493-1:1974, Guide for the statistical analysis of ageing test data – Part 1: Methods
based on mean values of normally distributed test results
ISO 291:1997, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 2578:1993, Plastics – Determination of time-temperature limits after prolonged exposure
to heat
ISO 11346:1997, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Estimation of life-time and maximum
temperature of use from an Arrhenius plot
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of IEC 60216, the following definitions apply:
3.1.1
temperature index
TI
numerical value of the temperature in degrees Celsius derived from the thermal endurance
relationship at a time of 20 000 h (or other specified time)
[IEV 212-02-08, modified]
3.1.2
halving interval
HIC
numerical value of the temperature interval in kelvins which expresses the halving of the time
to end-point taken at the temperature equal to TI
[IEV 212-02-10, modified]
3.1.3
thermal endurance graph
graph in which the logarithm of the time to reach a specified end-point in a thermal endurance
test is plotted against the reciprocal thermodynamic (absolute) test temperature
[IEV 212-02-07]
3.1.4
thermal endurance graph paper
graph paper having a logarithmic time scale as the ordinate, graduated in powers of ten
(from 10 h to 100 000 h is often a convenient range). Values of the abscissa are proportional
to the reciprocal of the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature. The abscissa is usually
graduated in a non-linear (Celsius) temperature scale oriented with temperature increasing
from left to right.
3.1.5
ordered data
set of data arranged in sequence so that, in the appropriate direction through the sequence,
each member is greater than, or equal to, its predecessor.
NOTE Ascending order in this standard implies that the data is ordered in this way, the first order-statistic being
the smallest.
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60216-1 © IEC:2001 – 19 –
3.1.6
order-statistics
each individual value in a set of ordered data is referred to as an order-statistics identified by
its numerical position in the sequence
3.1.7
...
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