SIST EN 12697-22:2004
(Main)Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 22: Wheel tracking
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 22: Wheel tracking
This standard describes the procedures to be followed for determining the susceptibility of bituminous materials to deform under load. The test is applicable to mixtures with nominal aggregate sizes not larger than 32 mm. The procedures can be carried out on specimens that have either been manufactured in a laboratory or cut from a pavement; test specimens are held in a mould with their surface flush with the upper edge of the mould. The susceptibility of bituminous materials to deform is assessed by the rut formed by repeated passes of a loaded wheel at constant temperature.
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 22: Spurbildungstest
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren fest, mit dem die Anfälligkeit zur Verformung von Asphalt unter Belastung ermittelt wird. Das Verfahren ist auf Asphalt mit einem Größkorn von maximal 32 mm anwendbar. Das Verfahren eignet sich zur Prüfung von Probekörpern, die entweder in einem Labor hergestellt worden sind oder die aus einer eingebauten Fläche stammen. Die Probekörper werden so in Prüfformen gelegt, daß ihre Oberflächen mit der Oberseite der Form bündig sind.
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné a chaud - Partie 22: Essai d'orniérage
La présente norme décrit les procédures a suivre pour déterminer le comportement en déformation des matériaux bitumineux soumis a des charges. Cet essai s'applique aux mélanges dont les plus grandes dimensions granulaires sont inférieures ou égales a 32 mm.
Ces procédures peuvent etre effectuées sur des éprouvettes qui ont été fabriquées en laboratoire ou prélevées sur une chaussée ; les éprouvettes sont placées dans un moule, leur surface affleurant la partie supérieure du moule.
Le comportement en déformation des matériaux bitumineux est évalué par la profondeur de l'orniere qui se forme suite a des passages répétés d'une charge roulante a température constante. Trois types de dispositifs peuvent etre utilisés conformément a la présente norme : des dispositifs de grandes dimensions, des dispositifs extra-larges et des dispositifs de petites dimensions. Avec les dispositifs de grandes dimensions et les dispositifs extra-larges, les éprouvettes sont conditionnées a l'air pendant l'essai. Avec les dispositifs de petites dimensions, elles sont conditionnées soit a l'air, soit dans l'eau.
NOTE Les dispositifs de grandes dimensions et les dispositifs extra-larges ne sont pas adaptés pour l'essai d'éprouvettes cylindriques.
Bitumenske zmesi – Preskusne metode za vroče asfaltne zmesi – 22. del: Preskus nastajanja kolesnic
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 22: Wheel trackingMélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné a chaud - Partie 22: Essai d'orniérageAsphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 22: SpurbildungstestTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12697-22:2003SIST EN 12697-22:2004en93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12697-22:200401-junij-2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12697-22December 2003ICS 93.080.20English versionBituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part22: Wheel trackingMélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélangehydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 22: Essai d'orniérageAsphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 22:SpurbildungstestThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12697-22:2003 E
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)2ContentsPageForeword.31Scope.62Normative references.63Terms and definitions.64Symbols and abbreviated terms.75Principle.96Apparatus.96.1Large size devices.96.2Extra large Devices.106.3Small size devices.116.4Small-size devices for use with cores.127Sampling and sample preparation.137.1Sampling and manufacture.137.2Thickness and surface regularity.157.3Transport and storage of unmounted specimens.157.4Sample preparation.158Procedure for carrying out a single measurement.168.1Large size devices.168.2Extra-large size device.178.3Small size devices.179Calculation and expression of results.189.1Large size devices.189.2Extra-large size device.199.3Small size devices.2010Test report.2210.1Obligatory information.2210.2Complementary information.2411Precision.2411.1General.2411.2Laboratory prepared samples, proportional rut depth, large size devices.2411.3Samples cored from a pavement and laboratory prepared samples, wheel-tracking rate,small-size devices, conditioning in air.24Bibliography.29
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12697-22:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Roadmaterials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn atthe latest by August 2005.This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content.EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle sizedistribution.EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotaryevaporator.EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery:Fractionating column.EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of themaximum density.EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk densityof bituminous specimens.EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk densityof bituminous specimens by gamma rays.EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of voidcharacteristics of bituminous specimens.EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of thereference density.EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactibility.EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of theaffinity between aggregates and bitumen.EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the watersensitivity of bituminous specimens.EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperaturemeasurement.EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content.EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of thesegregation sensitivityprEN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studdedtyres.
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)4prEN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porousasphalt specimen.prEN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage fromporous asphalt.prEN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability ofspecimen.EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube orMarshall specimen.EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using platespecimens.EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking.EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of theindirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens.prEN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue.prEN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression testprEN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness.EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling.EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples fordetermining binder content, water content and grading.EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of thedimensions of a bituminous specimen.prEN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation,impact compactor.prEN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation,gyratory compactor.EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction ofbituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor.EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared byroller compactor.prEN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test.prEN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing.EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of thethickness of a bituminous pavementEN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for theadhesivity of binder on pre-coated chippings for HRA.prEN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Test equipment andcalibration.
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)5prEN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content byignition.prEN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Requirements - Void content, compaction and hydraulic conductivityof material in the layerprEN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icingfluids.prEN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of foreign matterin reclaimed asphalt.prEN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 45: Binder drainage -Schellenberg methodNo existing European Standard is superseded.For the small-size device, the use of a wheel fitted with a solid rubber tyre is specified. Depending on theresult of on-going research, the use of a steel wheel may be accepted.This document includes a bibliography.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)61 ScopeThis European Standard describes test methods for determining the susceptibility of bituminous materials todeform under load. The test is applicable to mixtures with upper sieve size less than or equal to 32 mm.The tests are applicable to specimens that have either been manufactured in a laboratory or cut from apavement; test specimens are held in a mould with their surface flush with the upper edge of the mould.The susceptibility of bituminous materials to deform is assessed by the rut formed by repeated passes of aloaded wheel at constant temperature. Three alternative types of device can be used according to thisstandard: large-size devices, extra large-size devices and small-size devices. With large-size devices andextra large-size devices, the specimens are conditioned in air during testing. With small-size devices,specimens are conditioned, in either air or water.NOTELarge-size and extra large-size devices are not suitable for use with cylindrical cores.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply tothis European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references thelatest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk densityof bituminous specimens.EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk densityof bituminous specimens by gamma rays.EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling.EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction ofbituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor.prEN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared byroller compactor.prEN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing.ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanised or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and100 IRHD).ISO 7619, Rubber — Determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1nominal thicknessfor laboratory prepared specimens, target thickness, in millimetres, to which the specimens are to be prepared3.2rut depthreduction in the thickness of a test specimen, in millimetres, caused by repeated passes of a loaded wheel
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)73.3test surfacesurface of the test specimen on which the loaded wheel runs3.4single test resultvalue obtained by applying this European Standard, once, to a single test portion3.5test portionfor this test, a test portion to represent one material shall consist of a set of:Table 1 — Minimum set of specimenDeviceMinimum set of test specimenLarge or extra-large size device2Small size model A testing in air6Small size model B testing in air2Small size model B testing in water23.6tyre trackimpression of the tyre on a flat surface when a vertical load is applied3.7load cycletwo passes (outward and return) of the loaded wheel4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)8Table 2 — Symbols and abbreviated termsSymbolDefinitionUnitmijlocal distance between a reference plane and the j specified locationof the upper face of the test piece at the time of the i measurementsequence (large device)NOTEj varies between 1 and 15.mmm0jinitial measurement at the j location—Pimeasured proportional rut depth calculated as the average depth ofa rut at the i measurement sequence measured at predeterminedpoints or the average of predetermined stretch (large size device) orthe average of predetermined cross-sections (extra-large device) asa proportion of the thickness of the test specimen%hspecimen thickness equal to the thickness of the course or coursesof the test piece in which a rut can formmmWTRwheel-tracking rate calculated as the average rate at which the rutdepth increases with time under repeated passes of a loaded wheelof a small size device model A in airmm/hWTSWwheel-tracking slope, calculated as the average rate at which the rutdepth increases with repeated passes of a loaded wheel of a smallsize device model B in watermm/103 load cyclesWTSAIRwheel-tracking slope, calculated as the average rate at which the rutdepth increases with repeated passes of a loaded wheel of a smallsize device model B in airmm/103 load cycleswwidth of the tyre applying the loadmmNnumber of cycles—Paverage value of Pi obtained on two or more specimens—PLDaverage value of Pi obtained on two or more specimens using largesize device%PXLaverage value of Pi obtained on two or more specimens using extra-large size device%TRmean rate of increase of track depthmm/hTRmmean value of the determinations of TRmm/hPRDWproportional rut depth for the material under test at N cycles using asmall size device in water%RDWrut depth for the material under test at N cycles using a small sizedevice in watermmPRDAIRproportional rut depth for the material under test at N cycles using asmall size device in air%RDAIRrut depth for the material under test at N cycles using a small sizedevice in airmmLload appliedNt15time for rut depth to reach 15 mmmin
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)9Table 2 (continued)SymbolDefinitionUnitrichange in vertical displacement from the initial value, r0, to the irelevant readingmmntotal number of readings taken at 5 min., excluding the initialreading.—d5 000, d10 000rut depth after 5 000 load cycles and 10 000 load cycles. respectivelymm5 PrincipleThe susceptibility of a bituminous material to deform is assessed by measuring the rut depth formed byrepeated passes of a loaded wheel at a fixed temperature.6 Apparatus6.1 Large size devices6.1.1 Device simulating a rolling load which shall include:6.1.1.1Wheel fitted with a 400 × 8 pneumatic tyre without tread pattern and having a track width of(80 ± 5) mm. The pneumatic tyre pressure shall be (600 ± 30) kPa.NOTEThe Trelleborg T522 BV Extra or Special 6-ply type pneumatic tyre is suitable for this test.6.1.1.2The travel of pneumatic tyre relative to the specimen shall be (410 ± 5) mm.6.1.1.3The frequency of travel (outward and return) shall be (1,0 ± 0,1) Hz.6.1.1.4The rolling load applied to the test specimen shall be (5 000 ± 50) N at the centre of the testspecimen, measured at least when the device is static.6.1.1.5The centre line of the tyre track shall be not more than 5 mm from the theoretical centre of the testspecimen.6.1.1.6The angle of skew shall be (0,0 ± 0,5)°.6.1.2 Mould(s)Mould(s) of internal dimensions (500 × 180 × 50) mm or (500 × 180 × 100) mm, all dimensions ± 2 mm,capable of withstanding the test conditions without distortion.6.1.3 Depth gaugeDepth gauge to measure local deformation, mij, to within ± 0,2 mm and with a square or circular measurementarea of between 5 mm2 and 10 mm2. A contact-free sensor can be used if it leads to the same result.6.1.4 Ventilated enclosureVentilated enclosure with a set temperature that is regulated by a probe installed within the test specimensuch that the temperature within the specimen is maintained at ± 2 °C of that set (see Figure 1).
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)106.1.5 Temperature sensorsTemperature sensor(s) suitable for installation within a compacted bituminous test specimen and for themeasurement of air temperature.6.1.6 Temperature monitoring indicatorTemperature monitoring indicator to record the temperature within the test specimen, as shown in Figure 1.6.1.7 Steel supporting plateSteel supporting plate with a surface unevenness of less than 1 mm when checked with a steel rule across thediagonals and of a thickness such that the deflection under test conditions of this European Standard shall notexceed 0,5 mm.6.1.8 Non-stick chemicalNon-stick chemical, such as glycerized sodium oleate.6.2 Extra large Devices6.2.1 Device simulating a rolling load which shall include:6.2.1.1GeneralWheel fitted with a 6.00-R9 pneumatic tyre without tread pattern and having a track width of (110 ± 5) mm.6.2.1.2The travel of pneumatic tyre relative to the specimen shall be (700 ± 5) mm.6.2.1.3The time of travel (outward and return) shall be (2,5 ± 0,5) s.6.2.1.4The rolling load applied to the test specimen shall be (10 000 ± 100) N at the centre of the testspecimen, measured at least when the device is static.6.2.1.5The centre line of the tyre track shall be not more than 20 mm from the theoretical centre of the testspecimen.6.2.1.6The angle of skew shall be (0,0 ± 0,5)°.6.2.2 MouldsMould(s) of internal dimensions (700 × 500) mm, all dimensions ± 5 mm, capable of withstanding the testconditions without distortion. The height of mould corresponds to the nominal thickness of the test specimenat the ends. The height of side edges correspond to the nominal thickness or exceed it by a maximum of20 mm.6.2.3 Depth gaugeLaser sensors to measure local deformation to within ± 0,2 mm. Laser sensors shall be capable to measure rutdepth with interval maximum 2 mm at least in 3 cross-sections as indicated Figure 2.6.2.4 Ventilated enclosureVentilated enclosure with a set temperature that is regulated by a probe installed within the test specimensuch that the temperature within the specimen is maintained at ± 3 °C of that set (see Figure 2).
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)116.2.5 Temperature sensorsTemperature sensor(s) suitable for installation within a compacted bituminous test specimen and for themeasurement of air temperature.6.2.6 Temperature monitoring indicatorTemperature monitoring indicator to record the temperature within the test specimen, as shown in Figure 2.6.3 Small size devices6.3.1 Wheel-tracking apparatus6.3.1.1GeneralWheel-tracking apparatus consisting of a loaded wheel that bears on a sample held securely on a table. Thetable beneath the wheel or the wheel above the table moves to and from and a device provided monitors therate at which a rut develops in the surface of the test specimen. Vertical play in the loaded wheel mechanismshall be less than 0,25 mm. The apparatus shall include:6.3.1.2Tyre of outside diameter between 200 mm and 205 mm fitted to the wheel. The tyre shall betreadless and have a rectangular cross profile with a width of (w ± 1) mm where w = (50 ± 5) mm. The tyrethickness shall be (20 ± 2) mm. The tyre shall be of solid rubber with a hardness number of 80 IRHD unitswhen measured in accordance with ISO 7619 and ISO 48. The hardness may be confirmed according to ISO48.6.3.1.3Means of applying a load to the wheel: The wheel load under standard test conditions shall beNwúûùêëé±÷øöçèæ1050700, measured at the level of the top of the test specimen and normal to the plane of thesample table.NOTEThis loading may conveniently be achieved by the use of a weighted cantilever arm.6.3.1.4Sample table, constructed so as to enable a 200 mm minimum diameter core specimen orrectangular laboratory-prepared test specimen to be held firmly in place with its upper surface horizontal andin the required tracking plane and with its centre positioned to ensure symmetrical tracking motion.6.3.1.5Wheel-tracking machine, constructed so as to enable the test specimen in its cradle to be movedbackwards and forwards under the loaded wheel in a fixed horizontal plane or the loaded wheel to be movedbackwards and forwards on the fixed specimen. The centre-line of the tyre track shall be not more than 5 mmfrom the theoretical centre of the specimen. The centre of the contact area of the tyre shall describe simpleharmonic motion with respect to the centre of the top surface of the test specimen with a total distance oftravel of (230 ± 10) mm and a frequency of (26,5 ± 1,0) load cycles per 60 s for the test device.NOTEThis form of motion is most readily achieved by a reciprocating drive from a flywheel but alternative drivemechanisms are satisfactory as long as the motion conforms with the above requirements.6.3.1.6Carriage and frame of steel with minimum inside dimensions of 260 mm × 300 mm. Vertical play inthe carriage shall be less than 0,25 mm when measured at the four corners of the carriage with the carriagebeing subjected to the operating load, and the thickness of its bottom plate will be not less than 8 mm.6.3.1.7Device to measure the vertical position of the loaded wheel to ± 0,2 mm with a range of not lessthan 20,0 mm.
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)126.3.2 Means for temperature controlMeans for temperature control such that the temperature of the test specimen during testing is uniform andmaintained constant at the specified temperature ± 1 °C.NOTEA constant temperature room enclosing the machine or a water bath are two methods of meeting thisrequirement.6.3.3 StraightedgeStraightedge, at least 300 mm long.6.3.4 CallipersCallipers capable of measuring the thickness of a test specimen to an accuracy of ± 1 mm.Talc or steatite6.4 Small-size devices for use with cores6.4.1 GeneralThe equipment listed in 6.3.1 to 6.3.4 with the apparatus listed in 6.4.2 to 6.4.7.6.4.2 Abrasive disc circular sawAbrasive disc circular saw capable of cutting through 300 mm diameter cores of compacted bituminousmixtures to provide a nominally ridge-free surface.6.4.3 Core clamping assemblyCore clamping assembly comprising two steel, glass or other suitable stiff plates, and clamping blocks forholding the prepared core in place whilst it is bedded in the holding medium.NOTEThe clamping blocks can be of any material strong enough to support the mass of the loaded wheel and havea central hole capable of accommodating cores with diameters close to 200 mm.6.4.4 Cleansing solventCleansing solvent, e. g. mixture of 90 % acetone and 10 % kerosene by volume, for cleaning the rubber tyreafter use.6.4.5 Holding mediumHolding medium, e.g. plaster of Paris or a polyester resin and hardener.6.4.6 ContainersContainers for mixing the holding medium (disposable paper cups are suitable).6.4.7 Spirit levelSpirit level, at least 100 mm long.
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)137 Sampling and sample preparation7.1 Sampling and manufacture7.1.1 Laboratory prepared samples7.1.1.1 ManufactureThe component materials shall either be¾ Laboratory produced bituminous mixtures, mixed in accordance with prEN 12697-35 or¾ Plant produced bituminous mixtures, sampled in accordance with EN 12697-27.The test specimens shall be compacted in their moulds in accordance with EN 12697-33 or EN 12697-32,extracted from their mould, and their bulk density measured in accordance with EN 12697-6, EN 12697-7 orby dimensions. The bulk density of the two (or six) specimens used to measure the rut depth or the wheel-tracking rate of a given mixture shall not deviate by more than ± 1 % of the mean bulk density.7.1.1.2 Nominal thicknessFor large size devices and without specific requirement, the thickness of the specimen shall be:¾ 50 mm for mixtures intended to be used in layers less than or equal to 50 mm;¾ 100 mm for mixtures intended to be used in layers greater than 50 mm.For extra-large size devices and without specific requirement, the thickness of the specimen shall be 60 mm.For large and extra-large size devices and if the thickness is to be specified, it shall be :¾ 30 mm;or¾ 50 mm;or¾ 60 mm;or¾ 75 mm;or100 mm.NOTEIn the case of mixtures that are designed to be laid at a range of thickness, the thickness of the specimenshould be the point in the design thickness range nearest or about 2,5 times the upper sieve size of the mix.For small size devices the nominal thickness of the specimen shall be that at which the mixture will be laid onthe road, or in the case of mixtures that are designed to be laid at a range of thickness, shall be the point inthe design thickness range nearest¾ 25 mm for mixtures with upper sieve size less than 8 mm;
EN 12697-22:2003 (E)14¾ 40 mm for mixtures with upper sieve size larger or equal to 8 mm and less than 16 mm;¾ 60 mm for mixtures with upper sieve size larger than or equal to 16 mm and less than or equal to 22 mm;¾ 80 mm for mixtures with upper sieve size larger than 22 mm and less than or equal to 32 mm.7.1.1.3 Temperature probesFor specimen to be used on large size devices, the temperature sensors shall be inserted into the testspecimen; for temperature monitoring, as shown in Figure 1.7.1.2 Specimen extracted from pavements7.1.2.1 Cut specimensCut specimens of sufficient size so that they can be sawn to form rectangular test specimen of(175 ± 0,2) mm × (490 ± 0,2) mm for large size devices or (690 ± 10) mm × (490 ± 10) mm for extra-large s
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