SIST EN IEC 60404-18:2025
(Main)Magnetic materials - Part 18: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (IEC 60404-18:2025)
Magnetic materials - Part 18: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (IEC 60404-18:2025)
IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
- the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method;
- the SCM-extraction method.
This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 18: Permanentmagnetische (magnetisch harte) Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischen Eigenschaften in einem offenen Magnetkreis mit Hilfe eines supraleitenden Magneten (IEC 60404-18:2025)
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 18: Matériaux (magnétiques durs) pour aimants permanents - Méthodes de mesure des propriétés magnétiques en circuit magnétique ouvert à l'aide d'un aimant supraconducteur (IEC 60404-18:2025)
L'IEC 60404-18:2025 définit le principe général et les détails techniques des méthodes de mesure des propriétés magnétiques en courant continu des matériaux pour aimants permanents en circuit magnétique ouvert à l'aide d'un aimant supraconducteur (SCM).
Cette méthode s'applique aux matériaux pour aimants permanents, tels que ceux spécifiés dans l'IEC 60404‑8‑1, dont les propriétés sont présumées homogènes sur l'ensemble de leur volume.
Il existe deux méthodes:
- la méthode SCM-magnétomètre à échantillon vibrant (VSM, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer);
- la méthode SCM-extraction.
Le présent document spécifie également les méthodes de correction de l'influence du champ d'autodésaimantation de l'éprouvette sur la courbe de désaimantation obtenue en circuit magnétique ouvert. Les propriétés magnétiques sont déterminées à partir de la courbe de désaimantation corrigée.
Magnetni materiali - 18. del: Materiali za permanentne (trdomagnetne) magnete - Metode merjenja magnetnih lastnosti v odprtem magnetnem krogu z uporabo superprevodnega magneta (IEC 60404-18:2025)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2025
Magnetni materiali - 18. del: Materiali za permanentne (trdomagnetne) magnete -
Metode merjenja magnetnih lastnosti v odprtem magnetnem krogu z uporabo
superprevodnega magneta (IEC 60404-18:2025)
Magnetic materials - Part 18: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials -
Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties in an open magnetic circuit using a
superconducting magnet (IEC 60404-18:2025)
Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 18: Permanentmagnetische (magnetisch harte)
Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischen Eigenschaften in einem offenen
Magnetkreis mit Hilfe eines supraleitenden Magneten (IEC 60404-18:2025)
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 18: Matériaux (magnétiques durs) pour aimants
permanents - Méthodes de mesure des propriétés magnétiques en circuit magnétique
ouvert à l'aide d'un aimant supraconducteur (IEC 60404-18:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60404-18:2025
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
29.030 Magnetni materiali Magnetic materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60404-18
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2025
ICS 17.220.20; 29.030
English Version
Magnetic materials - Part 18: Permanent magnet (magnetically
hard) materials - Methods of measurement of the magnetic
properties in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting
magnet
(IEC 60404-18:2025)
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 18: Matériaux (magnétiques Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 18: Permanentmagnetische
durs) pour aimants permanents - Méthodes de mesure des (magnetisch harte) Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung der
propriétés magnétiques en circuit magnétique ouvert à magnetischen Eigenschaften in einem offenen Magnetkreis
l'aide d'un aimant supraconducteur mit Hilfe eines supraleitenden Magneten
(IEC 60404-18:2025) (IEC 60404-18:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2025-03-27. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60404-18:2025 E
European foreword
The text of document 68/768/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 60404-18, prepared by TC 68 "Magnetic
alloys and steels" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2026-04-30
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2028-04-30
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60404-18:2025 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications with their
corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-121 1998 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part - -
121: Electromagnetism
IEC 60050-151 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV)- Part 151: - -
Electrical and magnetic devices
IEC 60050-221 1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) -- Chapter - -
221: Magnetic materials and components
IEC 60404-5 - Magnetic materials - Part 5: Permanent magnet EN 60404-5 -
(magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement
of magnetic properties
IEC 60404-8-1 - Magnetic materials - Part 8-1: Specifications for individual EN IEC 60404-8-1 -
materials - Permanent magnet (magnetically hard)
materials
IEC 60404-18 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Magnetic materials –
Part 18: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials – Methods of
measurement of the magnetic properties in an open magnetic circuit using a
superconducting magnet
Matériaux magnétiques –
Partie 18: Matériaux (magnétiques durs) pour aimants permanents – Méthodes
de mesure des propriétés magnétiques en circuit magnétique ouvert à l'aide
d'un aimant supraconducteur
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20, 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8327-0157-7
– 2 – IEC 60404-18:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 General principle . 9
4.1 Principle of the method . 9
4.2 Superconducting magnet (SCM) . 11
4.3 Magnetic field strength sensor (H sensor) . 11
4.4 Magnetic dipole moment detection coil (M coil) . 11
4.5 Specimen rod and moving device . 12
4.6 Measuring devices and data processing device . 12
5 Test specimen . 13
6 Preparation of measurement . 14
6.1 Measurement of volume of the test specimen . 14
6.2 Initial magnetization of the test specimen to saturation . 14
7 Determination of magnetic polarization . 14
7.1 Measurement of the magnetic dipole moment . 14
7.1.1 SCM-VSM method. 14
7.1.2 SCM-extraction method . 15
7.2 Determination of magnetic polarization . 15
8 Measurement of magnetic field . 15
9 Calibration of the magnetic dipole moment detection coil (M coil) . 16
10 Determination of demagnetization curve . 16
11 Demagnetizing field correction . 17
11.1 General . 17
11.2 Method A: Method using a demagnetizing factor determined by the shape of
the test specimen only . 17
11.3 Method B: Method using a demagnetizing factor determined by the shape
and the magnetic susceptibility of the test specimen . 18
11.4 Method C: Method using an inverse analysis considering the spatial
distribution of the self-demagnetizing field strength in the test specimen . 18
12 Determination of principal magnetic properties . 19
12.1 Remanent magnetic polarization J . 19
r
12.2 Maximum energy product (BH) . 19
max
12.3 Coercivity (H and H ) . 19
cJ cB
13 Reproducibility of the measurements . 19
14 Test report. 20
Annex A (informative) Demagnetizing field correction . 21
Annex B (informative) Details of the demagnetizing field correction . 23
B.1 General . 23
B.2 Symbols . 23
IEC 60404-18:2025 © IEC 2025 – 3 –
B.3 Method using a demagnetizing factor determined by the shape and magnetic
susceptibility of the test specimen (Method B) . 24
B.4 Method using an inverse analysis considering the spatial distribution of the
self-demagnetizing field strength in the test specimen (Method C) . 26
Annex C (informative) VSM measurement of the test specimen at elevated
temperatures . 30
Annex D (informative) Effect of test specimen dimensions on the magnetic properties . 31
Annex E (informative) Comparison of the magnetic properties measured with a
superconducting VSM and a permeameter . 32
Bibliography . 34
Figure 1 – Demagnetization curve J(H) . 8
Figure 2 – Schematic diagrams of the test apparatus . 10
Figure 3 – Schematic diagrams of the first order gradiometer coil . 12
Figure A.1 – Schematic diagram of the demagnetizing field correction . 21
Figure A.2 – Comparison of the demagnetization curves corrected using demagnetizing
field correction Method A, Method B and Method C . 22
Figure B.1 – Axes of a cuboid magnet . 24
Figure B.2 – Conceptual diagram of the procedure of Method C . 27
Figure B.3 – Flowchart of the proc
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