SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for compressive behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room temperature (ISO 20504:2006)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for compressive behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room temperature (ISO 20504:2006)
This International Standard describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-directional (2D) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x ≤ 3), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement. This method may also be applied to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as: carbon/carbon or C/C). Two cases of testing are distinguished: compression between platens and compression using grips.
Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Druck von endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 20504:2006)
Diese Internationale Norm beschreibt Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Druck von endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit keramischer Matrix bei Raumtemperatur. Dieses Verfahren gilt für alle keramischen Verbundwerkstoffe mit unidirektionaler (1D), bidirektionaler (2D) und mehrdirektionaler (xD, mit 2 < x ≤ 3) Endlosfaserverstärkung, die parallel zu einer der Haupt-verstärkungsachsen beansprucht werden. Dieses Verfahren darf außerdem bei kohlen¬stoff¬faser¬verstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit Kohlenstoffmatrix (auch als Kohlenstoff/Kohlenstoff oder C/C bezeichnet) angewendet werden. Es werden zwei Fälle von Prüfungen unterschieden: Druckbeanspruchung zwischen Platten und Druckbeanspruchung unter Verwendung von Einspann¬einrichtungen.
Céramiques techniques - Méthode d'essai de résistance à la compression des composites renforcés de fibres continues à température ambiante (ISO 20504:2006)
L'ISO 20504:2006 décrit des méthodes permettant de déterminer les caractéristiques en compression des matériaux composites à matrice céramique avec renfort de fibres continues à température ambiante. La présente Norme internationale s'applique à tous les composites à matrice céramique avec renfort de fibres continues, unidirectionnel (1D), bidirectionnel (2D), et tridirectionnel (xD, avec 2 < x ≤ 3), sollicités suivant un axe principal de renfort. Elle peut également s'appliquer aux composites à matrice de carbone avec renfort de fibres de carbone (également connus en tant que carbone/carbone ou C/C). Deux cas de compression sont distingués: la compression entre plateaux et la compression entre mors.
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Metoda za preskušanje tlačnih lastnosti kompozitov, ojačenih z neskončno dolgimi vlakni, pri sobni temperaturi (ISO 20504:2006)
Ta mednarodni standard opisuje postopke za določanje vedenja keramičnih matričnih kompozitnih materialov z neprekinjeno ojačitvijo vlaken pri stiskanju pri sobni temperaturi. Ta metoda se uporablja za vse keramične matrične kompozite z neprekinjeno ojačitvijo vlaken, enosmerno (1D), dvosmerno (2D) in trismerno (xD, kjer je 2 < x ≤ 3), preskušenih vzdolž ene glavne osi ojačitve. Ta metoda se lahko uporabi tudi za karbonske matrične kompozite s karbonskimi vlakni (imenovane tudi: karbon/karbon ali C/C). Razlikujemo med dvema primeroma preskušanja: stiskanje med stiskalnimi valji in stiskanje z ročaji.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
01-junij-2016
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SIST EN 658-2:2004
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Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for
compressive behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room temperature
(ISO 20504:2006)
Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Druck von
endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 20504:2006)
Céramiques techniques - Méthode d'essai de résistance à la compression des
composites renforcés de fibres continues à température ambiante (ISO 20504:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20504:2016
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN ISO 20504:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
EN ISO 20504
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 658-2:2002
English Version
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Test method for compressive behaviour of
continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room
temperature (ISO 20504:2006)
Céramiques techniques - Méthode d'essai de résistance Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der
à la compression des composites renforcés de fibres Eigenschaften unter Druck von endlosfaserverstärkten
continues à température ambiante (ISO 20504:2006) Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur (ISO
20504:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20504:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
EN ISO 20504:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
EN ISO 20504:2016 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 20504:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 20504:2016
by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 658-2:2002.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20504:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20504:2016 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20504
First edition
2006-01-15
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for compressive behaviour of
continuous fibre-reinforced composites
at room temperature
Céramiques techniques — Méthode d'essai de résistance à la
compression des composites renforcés de fibres continues à
température ambiante
Reference number
ISO 20504:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 3
5 Apparatus. 4
5.1 Test machine. 4
5.2 Load train. 4
5.3 Strain measurement. 4
5.3.1 General. 4
5.3.2 Strain gauges. 4
5.3.3 Extensometry. 5
5.4 Data recording system . 5
5.5 Dimension measuring devices . 5
6 Test specimens. 5
6.1 General. 5
6.2 Compression between platens. 6
6.3 Test specimen used with grips . 7
7 Test specimen preparation . 10
7.1 Machining and preparation. 10
7.2 Number of test specimens. 10
8 Test procedure. 10
8.1 Test mode and rate. 10
8.2 Measurement of test specimen dimensions . 11
8.3 Buckling. 11
8.4 Testing technique . 11
8.4.1 Test specimen mounting . 11
8.4.2 Extensometers. 11
8.4.3 Measurements. 12
8.5 Test validity. 12
9 Calculation of results . 12
9.1 Test specimen origin. 12
9.2 Compressive strength. 12
9.3 Strain at maximum compressive force. 13
9.4 Proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, elastic modulus . 13
9.5 Buckling stress. 14
9.6 Rounding of results. 14
9.7 Mean and standard deviation . 14
10 Test report. 15
Annex A (informative) Illustration of elastic modulus . 16
Annex B (normative) Alignment verification . 18
Annex C (normative) Compressive force limits to ensure ‘true’ compressive failure. 20
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20504 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20504:2006(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for compressive behaviour of
continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room temperature
1 Scope
This International Standard describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic
matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to
all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-directional (2D)
and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x u 3), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement. This method may also
be applied to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as: carbon/carbon or C/C). Two
cases of testing are distinguished: compression between platens and compression using grips.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurements
ISO 9513, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing
ISO 14126, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of compressive properties in the in-plane
direction
ASTM E1012, Standard Practice for Verification of Test Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and
Compressive Axial Force Application
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
gauge section
part of the test specimen which has uniform and minimum cross-sectional area
3.2
gauge section length
l
length of the gauge section
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
3.3
initial gauge length
L
o
initial distance between reference points on the test specimen in the gauge section before initiation of the test
3.4
final gauge length
L
f
final distance between reference points on the test specimen in the gauge section at the completion of the test
3.5
initial cross-sectional area
A
o
initial area of the gauge section’s cross-section
3.6
longitudinal deformation
∆L
change (contraction) of the initial gauge due to the application of a uniaxial compressive force
NOTE The longitudinal deformation corresponding to the maximum force should be denoted as ∆L .
c,m
3.7
compressive strain
ε
relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio ∆L/L
o
NOTE The compressive strain corresponding to the maximum force is denoted as ε .
c,m
3.8
compressive force
F
c
uniaxial compressive force applied to a test specimen
3.9
maximum compressive force
F
c,m
greatest uniaxial compressive force applied to a test specimen when tested to failure
3.10
compressive stress
σ
compressive force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the initial cross-sectional
area such that σ = F /A
c o
3.11
compressive strength
S
c,m
greatest compressive stress applied to a test specimen when tested to failure
3.12
proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus
E
p
slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve, if any
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
NOTE Examination of the stress-strain curves for ceramic matrix composites allows definition of the following cases:
⎯ Material with a linear region in the stress-strain curve.
For ceramic matrix composites that have a mechanical behaviour characterised by a linear region, the proportionality
ratio E is defined as:
p
σ −σ
21
E σσ, = (1)
()
p1 2
ε −ε
21
where (ε , σ ) and (ε , σ ) lie near the lower and the upper limits of the linear region of the stress-strain curve (see
1 1 2 2
Figures A.1 and A.2).
⎯ Material with non-linear region in the stress-strain curve. In this case only, stress-strain couples can be determined at
specified stresses or specified strains.
3.13
elastic modulus
E
proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, in the special case where the linearity starts near the origin
See Figure A.2.
3.14
axial strain
average of the longitudinal strain measured at the surface of the test specimen at specified locations
See Annex B.
3.15
bending strain
difference between the longitudinal strain at a given longitudinal location on the test specimen surface and the
axial strain at the same location
See Annex B.
3.16
buckling force
critical axially applied force at which an initially straight column assumes a curved shape
3.17
critical buckling stress
critical axial compressive stress at which an initially straight column assumes a curved shape
4 Principle
A test specimen of specified dimensions is loaded in compression. The compression test is usually performed
at a constant cross-head displacement rate or at a constant deformation rate.
NOTE Constant force rate is only allowed in the case of linear stress-strain behaviour up to failure.
For cross-head displacement tests, a constant rate is recommended when the test is conducted to failure.
The force and longitudinal deformation are measured and recorded simultaneously.
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen that shall
conform to grade 1 or better in accordance with ISO 7500-1.
5.2 Load train
The load train is composed of movable and fixed cross-heads, the loading rods and the grips or platens. Load
train couplers may additionally be used to connect the grips or platens to the loading rods.
The load train shall align the test specimen axis with the direction of force application without introducing
bending or torsion in the test specimen. The misalignment of the test specimen shall be verified and
documented in accordance with the procedure described in Annex B. The maximum percent bending shall not
−6
exceed 5 % at an average axial strain of 500 × 10 .
There are two alternative means of force application:
a) Compression platens are connected to the force transducer and the moving cross-head. The parallelism
of these platens shall be better than 0,01 mm, in the loading area and the faces of the platens shall be
perpendicular to the force application direction.
NOTE 1 The use of platens is not recommended for compression testing of 1D and 2D materials with small
thicknesses because of buckling.
NOTE 2 A compliant interlayer material (composed only of paper or cardboard), between the test specimen and
platens, can be used for testing macroscopically inhomogeneous materials to ensure uniform contact pressure.
When the dimensions of the test specimen are such that buckling may occur, it is recommended to use
antibuckling devices similar to those described in ISO 14126. These devices should not introduce
parasitic stresses (i.e. stresses other than the uniform, axial stress) during loading of the test specimen.
b) Grips are used to clamp and load the test specimen. The grip design shall prevent the test specimen from
slipping and the grips shall align the test specimen axis with that of the applied force.
Alignment shall be verified and documented in accordance with, for example, the procedure described in
Annex B.
5.3 Strain measurement
5.3.1 General
For continuous measurement of the longitudinal deformation as a function of the applied force, either strain
gauges or a suitable extensometer may be used. Use an extensometer that meets the requirements of at least
class 1 in ISO 9513. Measurement of longitudinal deformation over a length as long as possible within the
gauge section length of the test specimen is recommended.
5.3.2 Strain gauges
Strain gauges are used for the verification of the alignment on the test specimen. They may also be used to
determine longitudinal deformation during testing. In both cases, the length of the strain gauges shall be such
that the readings are not affected by local features on the surface of the specimen, such as fibre crossovers.
Unless it can be shown that strain gauge readings are not unduly influenced by localized strain events, such
as fibre crossovers, strain gauges should be not less than 9 mm to 12 mm in length for the longitudinal
direction and not less than 6 mm in length for the transverse direction. The strain gauges, surface preparation
and bonding agents/adhesives should be chosen to provide adequate performance on the subject materials.
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
Suitable strain-conditioning and recording equipment should be used. Care shall be taken to ensure that the
strain gauge readings are not influenced by the surface preparation and the adhesive used.
5.3.3 Extensometry
The linearity tolerance of the extensometer shall be less than 0,15 % of the extensometer range used.
Extensometers shall meet the requirements of at least class 1 in accordance with ISO 9513.
Types of commonly used extensometers are described in 5.3.3.1 and 5.3.3.2.
5.3.3.1 Mechanical extensometer
For a mechanical extensometer, the gauge length corresponds to the longitudinal distance between the two
locations where the extensometer contacts the test specimen. Mounting of the extensometer to the test
specimen shall prevent slippage of the extensometer at the contact points and shall not initiate failure under
the contact points. Any extensometer contact forces shall not introduce bending greater than that allowed
in 5.2.
5.3.3.2 Electro-optical extensometer
Electro-optical measurements of strain require reference marks on the test specimen. For this purpose,
fiducial marks such as rods or flags are attached to the test specimen surface perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the test specimen. The gauge length corresponds to the longitudinal distance between the two fiducial
marks.
NOTE The use of integral flags as part of the test specimen geometry is not recommended, because of stress
concentrations induced by such features.
5.4 Data recording system
A calibrated recorder may be used to record force-deformation curves. The use of a digital data recording
system combined with an analog recorder is recommended.
5.5 Dimension measuring devices
Devices used for measuring linear dimensions of the test specimen shall be accurate to ± 0,1 mm.
Micrometers shall be in accordance with ISO 3611.
6 Test specimens
6.1 General
The choice of test specimen geometry depends on several parameters:
⎯ the nature of the material and of the reinforcement structure;
⎯ the type of testing system.
The ratio between the length of the test specimen subject to buckling and the thickness of the test specimen,
in addition to the stiffness of the material, will influence the resistance of the test specimen to buckling.
If buckling occurs, it may be necessary to modify the dimensions of the test specimen or alternatively to use
an antibuckling device (e.g. fixed lateral guides pressed against the test specimen so as to freely allow
longitudinal motion while simultaneously suppressing transverse motion).
The volume in the gauge length shall be representative of the material.
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
Two types of test specimens can be distinguished.
a) As-fabricated test specimens, where only the length and the width are machined to the specified size. In
this case, the two faces of the test specimen may present irregular surfaces while the two edges present
regular machined surfaces.
b) Machined test specimens, where the length and the width, as well as the two faces of the test specimen,
have been machined and present regular machined surfaces.
Tolerance on the thickness dimension only applies to machined test specimens. For as-fabricated test
specimens, the difference in thickness out of three measurements (at the centre and at each end of the gauge
section length) should not exceed 5 % of the average of the three measurements.
6.2 Compression between platens
The test specimen geometry and/or compliant interlayers may be adapted in order to avoid buckling and
damage at the edges due to contact forces.
Type 1 is commonly used and is illustrated in Figure 1. Recommended dimensions are given in Table 1.
a) Test specimen b) Example of anti-buckling guides
Key
1 loading anvil 4 O-ring
2 specimen 5 frame
3 lateral support 6 unsupported length
Figure 1 — Compression test specimen (type 1) used between platens and anti-buckling guides
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SIST EN ISO 20504:2016
ISO 20504:2006(E)
Table 1 — Dimensions for compression test specimen (type 1) used between platens
Dimensions in millimetres
Parameter 1D, 2D, xD Tolerance
l, gauge section length W 15 ± 0,5
l , total length W 1,5 × l mm ± 0,5
t
d, cylindrical or square-section side length or diameter W 8 ± 0,2
Parallelism of machined parts 0,05 N/A
Perpendicularity of machined parts 0,05 N/A
Concentricity of machined parts 0,05 N/A
Type 2 is cylindrical in shape and is not used as frequently as type 1. It is illustrated in Figure 2 and
recommended dimensions are given in Table 2.
Figure 2 — Compression test specimen (type 2) used between platens
Table 2 — Dimensions for compression test specimen (type 2) used between platens
Dimensions in millimetres
Parameter 1D, 2D, xD Tolerance
l, gauge section length W 10 ± 0,5
d, cylindrical or square-section W 10 ± 0,2
Parallelism of machined parts 0,05 N/A
Perpendicularity of machined parts 0,05 N/A
NOTE This test specimen is mainly used when the thickness of the part is not sufficient to machine a test specimen of
type 1.
6.3 Test specimen used with grips
For these types of test specimens, the total length l depends on the gripping system. These types of test
t
specimens allow testing of thin test spec
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Druck von endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 20504:2006)Céramiques techniques - Méthode d'essai de résistance à la compression des composites renforcés de fibres continues à température ambiante (ISO 20504:2006)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for compressive behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room temperature (ISO 20504:2006)81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN ISO 20504kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015en01-november-2015kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN ISO 20504
September
t r s w ICS
z sä r x rä u r Will supersede EN
x w zæ tã t r r tEnglish Version
continuous fibreæreinforced composites at room Céramiques techniques æ Méthode d 5essai de résistance à la compression des composites renforcés de fibres
Hochleistungskeramik æ Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Druck von endlosfaserverstärkten This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedureä It has been drawn up by the
If this draft becomes a European Standardá CEN members are bounwhich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three ofer language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
Recipients of this draft are invited to submitá with their commentsá notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentationä
Warning ã This document is not a European Standardä It is distributed for review and commentsä It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standardä
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t r w r vã t r s w EkSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
FprEN ISO 20504:2015 (E) 2 Contents
Page European foreword . 3
kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
FprEN ISO 20504:2015 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 20504:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as FprEN ISO 20504:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This document will supersede EN 658-2:2002. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 20504:2006 has been approved by CEN as FprEN ISO 20504:2015 without any modification. kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
Reference numberISO 20504:2006(E)© ISO 2006
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO20504First edition2006-01-15Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for compressive behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room temperature Céramiques techniques — Méthode d'essai de résistance à la compression des composites renforcés de fibres continues à température ambiante
kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
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kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Principle.3 5 Apparatus.4 5.1 Test machine.4 5.2 Load train.4 5.3 Strain measurement.4 5.3.1 General.4 5.3.2 Strain gauges.4 5.3.3 Extensometry.5 5.4 Data recording system.5 5.5 Dimension measuring devices.5 6 Test specimens.5 6.1 General.5 6.2 Compression between platens.6 6.3 Test specimen used with grips.7 7 Test specimen preparation.10 7.1 Machining and preparation.10 7.2 Number of test specimens.10 8 Test procedure.10 8.1 Test mode and rate.10 8.2 Measurement of test specimen dimensions.11 8.3 Buckling.11 8.4 Testing technique.11 8.4.1 Test specimen mounting.11 8.4.2 Extensometers.11 8.4.3 Measurements.12 8.5 Test validity.12 9 Calculation of results.12 9.1 Test specimen origin.12 9.2 Compressive strength.12 9.3 Strain at maximum compressive force.13 9.4 Proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, elastic modulus.13 9.5 Buckling stress.14 9.6 Rounding of results.14 9.7 Mean and standard deviation.14 10 Test report.15 Annex A (informative)
Illustration of elastic modulus.16 Annex B (normative)
Alignment verification.18 Annex C (normative)
Compressive force limits to ensure ‘true’ compressive failure.20
kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 20504 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20504:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for compressive behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composites at room temperature 1 Scope This International Standard describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-directional (2D) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x u 3), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement. This method may also be applied to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as: carbon/carbon or C/C). Two cases of testing are distinguished: compression between platens and compression using grips. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurements ISO 9513, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing ISO 14126, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of compressive properties in the in-plane direction ASTM E1012, Standard Practice for Verification of Test Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 gauge section part of the test specimen which has uniform and minimum cross-sectional area 3.2 gauge section length l length of the gauge section kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) 2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 3.3 initial gauge length Lo initial distance between reference points on the test specimen in the gauge section before initiation of the test 3.4 final gauge length Lf final distance between reference points on the test specimen in the gauge section at the completion of the test 3.5 initial cross-sectional area Ao initial area of the gauge section’s cross-section
3.6 longitudinal deformation ∆L change (contraction) of the initial gauge due to the application of a uniaxial compressive force NOTE The longitudinal deformation corresponding to the maximum force should be denoted as ∆Lc,m. 3.7 compressive strain ε relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio ∆L/Lo NOTE The compressive strain corresponding to the maximum force is denoted as εc,m. 3.8 compressive force Fc uniaxial compressive force applied to a test specimen 3.9 maximum compressive force Fc,m greatest uniaxial compressive force applied to a test specimen when tested to failure 3.10 compressive stress σ compressive force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the initial cross-sectional area such that σ = Fc/Ao 3.11 compressive strength Sc,m greatest compressive stress applied to a test specimen when tested to failure 3.12 proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus Ep slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve, if any kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 3NOTE Examination of the stress-strain curves for ceramic matrix composites allows definition of the following cases: ⎯ Material with a linear region in the stress-strain curve. For ceramic matrix composites that have a mechanical behaviour characterised by a linear region, the proportionality ratio Ep is defined as: ()21p1221,Eσσσσεε−=− (1) where (ε1, σ1) and (ε2, σ2) lie near the lower and the upper limits of the linear region of the stress-strain curve (see Figures A.1 and A.2). ⎯ Material with non-linear region in the stress-strain curve. In this case only, stress-strain couples can be determined at specified stresses or specified strains. 3.13 elastic modulus
E proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, in the special case where the linearity starts near the origin See Figure A.2. 3.14 axial strain average of the longitudinal strain measured at the surface of the test specimen at specified locations See Annex B. 3.15 bending strain difference between the longitudinal strain at a given longitudinal location on the test specimen surface and the axial strain at the same location
See Annex B. 3.16 buckling force critical axially applied force at which an initially straight column assumes a curved shape
3.17 critical buckling stress critical axial compressive stress at which an initially straight column assumes a curved shape
4 Principle A test specimen of specified dimensions is loaded in compression. The compression test is usually performed at a constant cross-head displacement rate or at a constant deformation rate. NOTE Constant force rate is only allowed in the case of linear stress-strain behaviour up to failure. For cross-head displacement tests, a constant rate is recommended when the test is conducted to failure. The force and longitudinal deformation are measured and recorded simultaneously. kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) 4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 5 Apparatus 5.1 Test machine The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen that shall conform to grade 1 or better in accordance with ISO 7500-1. 5.2 Load train The load train is composed of movable and fixed cross-heads, the loading rods and the grips or platens. Load train couplers may additionally be used to connect the grips or platens to the loading rods. The load train shall align the test specimen axis with the direction of force application without introducing bending or torsion in the test specimen. The misalignment of the test specimen shall be verified and documented in accordance with the procedure described in Annex B. The maximum percent bending shall not exceed 5 % at an average axial strain of 500 × 10−6. There are two alternative means of force application: a) Compression platens are connected to the force transducer and the moving cross-head. The parallelism of these platens shall be better than 0,01 mm, in the loading area and the faces of the platens shall be perpendicular to the force application direction. NOTE 1
The use of platens is not recommended for compression testing of 1D and 2D materials with small thicknesses because of buckling. NOTE 2
A compliant interlayer material (composed only of paper or cardboard), between the test specimen and platens, can be used for testing macroscopically inhomogeneous materials to ensure uniform contact pressure. When the dimensions of the test specimen are such that buckling may occur, it is recommended to use antibuckling devices similar to those described in ISO 14126. These devices should not introduce parasitic stresses (i.e. stresses other than the uniform, axial stress) during loading of the test specimen. b) Grips are used to clamp and load the test specimen. The grip design shall prevent the test specimen from slipping and the grips shall align the test specimen axis with that of the applied force. Alignment shall be verified and documented in accordance with, for example, the procedure described in Annex B. 5.3 Strain measurement 5.3.1 General For continuous measurement of the longitudinal deformation as a function of the applied force, either strain gauges or a suitable extensometer may be used. Use an extensometer that meets the requirements of at least class 1 in ISO 9513. Measurement of longitudinal deformation over a length as long as possible within the gauge section length of the test specimen is recommended. 5.3.2 Strain gauges Strain gauges are used for the verification of the alignment on the test specimen. They may also be used to determine longitudinal deformation during testing. In both cases, the length of the strain gauges shall be such that the readings are not affected by local features on the surface of the specimen, such as fibre crossovers. Unless it can be shown that strain gauge readings are not unduly influenced by localized strain events, such as fibre crossovers, strain gauges should be not less than 9 mm to 12 mm in length for the longitudinal direction and not less than 6 mm in length for the transverse direction. The strain gauges, surface preparation and bonding agents/adhesives should be chosen to provide adequate performance on the subject materials. kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 5Suitable strain-conditioning and recording equipment should be used. Care shall be taken to ensure that the strain gauge readings are not influenced by the surface preparation and the adhesive used. 5.3.3 Extensometry The linearity tolerance of the extensometer shall be less than 0,15 % of the extensometer range used. Extensometers shall meet the requirements of at least class 1 in accordance with ISO 9513. Types of commonly used extensometers are described in 5.3.3.1 and 5.3.3.2. 5.3.3.1 Mechanical extensometer For a mechanical extensometer, the gauge length corresponds to the longitudinal distance between the two locations where the extensometer contacts the test specimen. Mounting of the extensometer to the test specimen shall prevent slippage of the extensometer at the contact points and shall not initiate failure under the contact points. Any extensometer contact forces shall not introduce bending greater than that allowed in 5.2. 5.3.3.2 Electro-optical extensometer Electro-optical measurements of strain require reference marks on the test specimen. For this purpose, fiducial marks such as rods or flags are attached to the test specimen surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the test specimen. The gauge length corresponds to the longitudinal distance between the two fiducial marks. NOTE The use of integral flags as part of the test specimen geometry is not recommended, because of stress concentrations induced by such features. 5.4 Data recording system A calibrated recorder may be used to record force-deformation curves. The use of a digital data recording system combined with an analog recorder is recommended. 5.5 Dimension measuring devices Devices used for measuring linear dimensions of the test specimen shall be accurate to ± 0,1 mm. Micrometers shall be in accordance with ISO 3611. 6 Test specimens 6.1 General The choice of test specimen geometry depends on several parameters: ⎯ the nature of the material and of the reinforcement structure; ⎯ the type of testing system. The ratio between the length of the test specimen subject to buckling and the thickness of the test specimen, in addition to the stiffness of the material, will influence the resistance of the test specimen to buckling. If buckling occurs, it may be necessary to modify the dimensions of the test specimen or alternatively to use an antibuckling device (e.g. fixed lateral guides pressed against the test specimen so as to freely allow longitudinal motion while simultaneously suppressing transverse motion). The volume in the gauge length shall be representative of the material. kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) 6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Two types of test specimens can be distinguished. a) As-fabricated test specimens, where only the length and the width are machined to the specified size. In this case, the two faces of the test specimen may present irregular surfaces while the two edges present regular machined surfaces. b) Machined test specimens, where the length and the width, as well as the two faces of the test specimen, have been machined and present regular machined surfaces. Tolerance on the thickness dimension only applies to machined test specimens. For as-fabricated test specimens, the difference in thickness out of three measurements (at the centre and at each end of the gauge section length) should not exceed 5 % of the average of the three measurements. 6.2 Compression between platens The test specimen geometry and/or compliant interlayers may be adapted in order to avoid buckling and damage at the edges due to contact forces. Type 1 is commonly used and is illustrated in Figure 1. Recommended dimensions are given in Table 1.
a)
Test specimen b)
Example of anti-buckling guides Key 1 loading anvil 4 O-ring 2 specimen 5 frame 3 lateral support 6 unsupported length Figure 1 — Compression test specimen (type 1) used between platens and anti-buckling guides kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 7Table 1 — Dimensions for compression test specimen (type 1) used between platens
Dimensions in millimetresParameter 1D, 2D, xD Tolerance l, gauge section length W 15 ± 0,5 lt, total length W 1,5 × l mm ± 0,5 d, cylindrical or square-section side length or diameter W 8 ± 0,2 Parallelism of machined parts 0,05 N/A Perpendicularity of machined parts 0,05 N/A Concentricity of machined parts 0,05 N/A Type 2 is cylindrical in shape and is not used as frequently as type 1. It is illustrated in Figure 2 and recommended dimensions are given in Table
2.
Figure 2 — Compression test specimen (type 2) used between platens Table 2 — Dimensions for compression test specimen (type 2) used between platens
Dimensions in millimetresParameter 1D, 2D, xD Tolerance l, gauge section length W 10 ± 0,5 d, cylindrical or square-section W 10 ± 0,2 Parallelism of machined parts 0,05 N/A Perpendicularity of machined parts 0,05 N/A NOTE This test specimen is mainly used when the thickness of the part is not sufficient to machine a test specimen of type 1. 6.3 Test specimen used with grips For these types of test specimens, the total length lt depends on the gripping system. These types of test specimens allow testing of thin test specimens without using an anti-buckling device. It is, however, necessary to verify that the chosen l/h ratio does not lead to buckling. kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) 8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Type 3 is represented in Figure 3 and recommended dimensions are given in Table
3.
Figure 3 — Compression test specimen (type 3) for use with grips Table 3 — Dimensions of compression test specimen (type 3) for use with grips
Dimensions in millimetresParameter 1D, 2D, xD Tolerance Long length lt, total test specimen length W 1,5 × l mm ± 0,5 l, gauge section length W 15 ± 0,5 h, thickness W 3 ± 0,2 b1, width in the gauge section length W 8 ± 0,2 b2, width b2 = αb1 with α: 1,2 to 2 ± 0,2 r, radius W 30 ± 2 Plane parallelism of machined parts 0,05 N/A Short length lt, total test specimen length W 1,5 × l mm ± 0,5 l, gauge section length u 15 ± 0,5 h, thickness W 3 ± 0,2 b1, width in the gauge section length W 8 ± 0,2 b2, width b2 = αb1 with α: 1,2 to 2 ± 0,2 r, radius W 30 ± 2 Plane parallelism of machined parts 0,05 N/A NOTE This type of test specimen is recommended, if buckling occurs, using type 3 test specimen dimensions given in this table (for long lengths). With this type of test specimen, it is very difficult to obtain strain measurements.
kSIST FprEN ISO 20504:2015
ISO 20504:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 9Type 4 is a straight-sided test specimen. It is represented in Figure 4 and the dimensions are given in Table 4.
Figure 4 — Compression test specimen for use with grips (straight-sided, without tabs) Table 4 — Dimensions of compression test specimen (type 4) for use with grips (straight-sided, without tabs)
Dimensions in millimetresParameter 1D, 2D, xD Tolerance lt, total length W 100 ± 0,5 l, gauge section length (ungripped) W 40 ± 0,2 h, thickness W 3 ± 0,2 b, width W 10 ± 0,2 Plane parallelism of machined part 0,05 N/A NOTE This test specimen is easy to machine and, although its use allows the determination of elastic modulus; it should not be used for strength measurement. Type 5 is a straight-sided test specimen equipped with end tabs that are either metallic or polymeric composite, and bonded or cured onto the test specimen. The dimensions are given in Table 5 and the test specimen is illustrated in Figure 5. This type of test specimen is mainly used for 1D, 2D and xD (with 2 < x < 3) materials. Table 5 — Dimensions of compression test specimen (type 5) for use with grips (straight-sided with end tabs)
Dimensions in millimetresParameter 1D, 2D, xD Toleranc
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