SIST EN 14399-2:2015
(Main)High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading
This document specifies the technical requirements for high strength structural bolting assemblies in order to en-sure the suitability for preloading of bolted connections in metallic structures.
A suitability test is specified to check the behaviour of the fastener assembly so as to ensure that the required preload can be reliably obtained by the tightening methods specified in EN 1090-2 with sufficient margins against over tightening and against failure.
Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 2: Eignung zum Vorspannen
Dieses Dokument beschreibt die technischen Anforderungen an hochfeste Garnituren für Schraubverbindun-gen im Metallbau, um die Eignung für das Vorspannen von Schraubverbindungen in Metallkonstruktionen sicherzustellen.
Eine Eignungsprüfung wird festgelegt, um das Verhalten der Garnitur für Schraubverbindungen zu prüfen. Diese soll sicherstellen, dass die geforderte Vorspannkraft zuverlässig — mit ausreichend Reserven gegen übermäßiges Anziehen und gegen Versagen — mit den Anziehverfahren, die in EN 1090 2 festgelegt sind, erreicht werden kann.
Boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 2: Aptitude à l'emploi pour la mise en précontrainte
Le présent document spécifie les exigences techniques pour la boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance afin de vérifier l'aptitude à l'emploi pour la mise en précontrainte des assemblages boulonnés dans les structures métalliques.
Un essai d'aptitude à l'emploi est spécifié pour vérifier le comportement de l’assemblage boulonné de façon à s’assurer que la précontrainte requise peut être obtenue de façon fiable avec les méthodes de serrage spécifiées dans l'EN 1090-2, avec une marge de sécurité suffisante vis-à-vis du surserrage et de la rupture.
Visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze za prednapetje - 2. del: Primernost za prednapetje
Ta dokument določa tehnične zahteve za visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze, da se zagotovi primernost za prednapetje vijačnih povezav v kovinskih strukturah. Določen je preskus primernosti za preverjanje obnašanja pritrdilne zveze, da se zagotovi zahtevano zanesljivo prednapetje načinov zategovanja, določenih v standardu EN 1090-2, z zadostnimi mejami, ki preprečujejo prezatezanje in okvare.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.SUHGQDSHWMHHochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 2: Eignung zum VorspannenBoulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 2: Aptitude à l'emploi pour la mise en précontrainteHigh-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading21.060.01Vezni elementi na splošnoFasteners in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14399-2:2015SIST EN 14399-2:2015en,fr,de01-maj-2015SIST EN 14399-2:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14399-2:20051DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14399-2:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14399-2
February 2015 ICS 21.060.01 Supersedes EN 14399-2:2005English Version
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading
Boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 2 : Aptitude à l'emploi pour la mise en précontrainte
Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 2: Eignung zum Vorspannen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 October 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14399-2:2015 ESIST EN 14399-2:2015
EN 14399-2:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and units .6 5 Technical requirements for structural bolting assemblies .7 5.1 Composition of bolting assemblies .7 5.2 Manufacturing requirements .9 5.3 Marking of the components of the bolting assemblies .9 5.4 Delivery conditions for the bolting assemblies .9 5.5 Information to be supplied . 10 6 Suitability test . 10 6.1 Principle of the test. 10 6.2 Test apparatus . 11 6.3 Test assemblies . 11 6.4 Test set-up . 12 6.5 Test procedure . 12 6.6 Evaluation of the test results . 13 6.6.1 Rotation/bolt force curve . 13 6.6.2 Torque/bolt force curve for the torque at the design preload . 14 6.6.3 Elongation/bolt force curve . 15 6.6.4 Torque/bolt force curve for the individual values of the bolt force at a specified value of the applied torque . 16 6.7 Test report . 16 Annex A (informative)
Special testing conditions and procedures . 18 Bibliography . 19
SIST EN 14399-2:2015
EN 14399-2:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14399-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 185 “Fasteners”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14399-2:2005. In comparison with EN 14399-2:2005, the following modifications have been made: — technical requirements and delivery conditions for bolting assemblies have been transferred from EN 14399-1; — Table 1 containing the overview of the composition of bolting assemblies and component marking has been added; — requirements for necessary information on the use of tightening methods to be stated on the label or packaging have been added; — requirements for the test report have been revised. EN 14399 consists of the following parts, under the general title High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading: — Part 1: General requirements; — Part 2: Suitability for preloading; — Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 5: Plain washers; — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers; — Part 7: System HR — Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 9: System HR or HV — Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 10: System HRC — Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14399-2:2015
EN 14399-2:2015 (E) 4 Introduction This document on structural bolting reflects the situation in Europe where two technical solutions exist to achieve the necessary ductility of bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies. These solutions consist of two different systems (HR and HV) of bolt/nut/washer assemblies (see Table 1). Both systems are well proven and it is the responsibility of the experts using structural bolting whether they use the one or the other system. It is, however, important for the performance of the assembly to avoid mixing up the components of both systems. Therefore, bolts and nuts for both systems are standardized in one single part of this European Standard each and the marking of the components of the same system is uniform. Preloaded bolted assemblies are very sensitive to differences in manufacture and lubrication. Therefore, it is important that the bolting assemblies are supplied by one manufacturer who is always responsible for the functionality of the bolting assemblies. For the same reason it is important that coating of the bolting assemblies is under the control of one manufacturer. Beside the mechanical properties of the components, the functionality of the bolting assemblies requires that the specified preload can be achieved if the bolting assemblies are tightened with a suitable procedure. For this purpose, a test method for the suitability of the bolting assemblies for preloading was created, which will demonstrate whether the functionality of the bolting assemblies is fulfilled. It should be pointed out that compared to ISO 272 the widths across flats (large series) for M12 and M20 have been changed to 22 mm and 32 mm respectively. These changes are justified by the following reasons. Under the specific conditions of structural bolting, the compressive stresses under the bolt head or nut for the sizes M12 may become too large with the width across flats of 21 mm, especially if the washer is fitted eccentrically to the bolt axis. For the size M20, the width across flats of 34 mm is very difficult to be produced. The change to 32 mm is primarily motivated by economics but it should also be pointed out that the width across flats of 32 mm was common practice in Europe. SIST EN 14399-2:2015
EN 14399-2:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the technical requirements for high-strength structural bolting assemblies in order to ensure the suitability for preloading of bolted connections in metallic structures. A suitability test is specified to check the behaviour of the structural bolting assemblies so as to ensure that the required preload can be reliably obtained by the tightening methods specified in EN 1090-2 with sufficient margins against overtightening and against failure. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures EN 14399-1:2015, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements EN 14399-3, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 3: System HR - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-4, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 4: System HV - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-5, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 5: Plain washers EN 14399-6, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 6: Plain chamfered washers EN 14399-7, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 7: System HR - Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-8, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 8: System HV - Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-9, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 9: System HR or HV - Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-10, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 10: System HRC - Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1) EN ISO 898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-2) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14399-1:2015 apply. SIST EN 14399-2:2015
EN 14399-2:2015 (E) 6 4 Symbols and units A elongation, (mm) As nominal stress area of the bolt, (mm2) (see EN ISO 898-1) d nominal thread diameter, (mm) Fb bolt force during the test, (kN) Fbi individual value of the bolt force related to a given nut rotation, torque or bolt elongation, (kN) Fbm mean value of Fbi values, (kN) Fbi,max individual value of the maximum bolt force reached during the test, (kN) Fp,C required preload of 0,7 fub As, (kN) fub nominal tensile strength (Rm,nom), (MPa) k k-factor ki individual value of the k-factor km mean value of the k-factor lb,eff t) plus half the nominal nut height, (mm) M torque applied during the test, (Nm) Mi individual value of the torque applied during the test, (Nm) Mpi individual value of the torque at which the bolt force has first reached the value of Fp,C, (Nm) Mspec specified value of the torque to be applied to the bolting assemblies, (Nm) n number of test results sF estimated standard deviation of the Fbi values for a tightening torque Mspec sk estimated standard deviation of the ki-values for the preload Fp,C Vk coefficient of variation of the k-factor for the preload Fp,C
angle of rotation of the nut relative to the bolt, (°) pi individual value of the angle
at which the bolt force has first reached the value of Fp,C, (°) 1i individual value of the angle
at which the bolt force has reached its maximum value Fbi,max, (°) 2i individual value of the angle , (°) û1i individual angle difference (1i − pi), (°) û2i individual angle difference (2i − pi), (°) û2min minimum required value of the angle difference û2i as specified in the relevant product standard (°) t clamp length given as the total thickness of the clamped parts between the nut bearing face and the bolt head bearing face, (mm) SIST EN 14399-2:2015
EN 14399-2:2015 (E) 7 5 Technical requirements for structural bolting assemblies 5.1 Composition of bolting assemblies The performance of the high-strength structural bolting assemblies as specified in Table 1 depends on the properties of their specific components. Therefore, the essential characteristics listed in EN 14399-1 are assessed through the verification of the properties of the components and/or bolting assemblies, as applicable. Other aspects dealing with marking and delivery conditions are assessed through inspection of the involved components and/or bolting assemblies, as applicable. SIST EN 14399-2:2015
EN 14399-2:2015 (E) 8 Table 1 — Composition of high-strength structural bolting assemblies and component marking Type of bolting assembly System HR System HV System HRC General requirements EN 14399-1 Suitability for preloading EN 14399-2 an
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.SUHGQDSHWMHHochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 2: Eignung zum VorspannenBoulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 2: Aptitude à l'emploi pour la mise en précontrainteHigh-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading21.060.01Vezni elementi na splošnoFasteners in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN 14399-2kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014en,fr,de01-oktober-2014kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 14399-2
July 2014 ICS 21.060.01 Will supersede EN 14399-2:2005English Version
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading
Boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 2 : Aptitude à l'emploi pour la mise en précontrainte
Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 2: Eignung zum Vorspannen This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 185.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN 14399-2:2014 EkSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
FprEN 14399-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and units .6 5 Technical requirements for structural bolting assemblies .7 5.1 Composition of bolting assemblies .7 5.2 Manufacturing requirements .9 5.3 Marking of the components of the bolting assemblies .9 5.4 Delivery conditions for the bolting assemblies .9 5.5 Information to be supplied . 10 6 Suitability test . 10 6.1 Principle of the test. 10 6.2 Test apparatus . 11 6.3 Test assemblies . 11 6.4 Test set-up . 12 6.5 Test procedure . 12 6.6 Evaluation of the test results . 13 6.6.1 Rotation/bolt force curve . 13 6.6.2 Torque/bolt force curve for the torque at the design preload . 14 6.6.3 Elongation/bolt force curve . 15 6.6.4 Torque/bolt force curve for the individual values of the bolt force at a specified value of the applied torque . 15 6.7 Test report . 16 Annex A (informative)
Special testing conditions and procedures . 18 Bibliography . 19
kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
FprEN 14399-2:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (FprEN 14399-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 185 “Fasteners”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote. This document will supersede EN 14399-2:2005. EN 14399 consists of the following parts, under the general title High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading: — Part 1: General requirements; — Part 2: Suitability for preloading; — Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 5: Plain washers; — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers; — Part 7: System HR — Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 9: System HR or HV — Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 10: System HRC — Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload. kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
FprEN 14399-2:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This document on structural bolting reflects the situation in Europe where two technical solutions exist to achieve the necessary ductility of bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies. These solutions consist of two different systems (HR and HV) of bolt/nut/washer assemblies, see Table 1. Both systems are well proven and it is the responsibility of the experts using structural bolting whether they use the one or the other system. It is, however, important for the performance of the assembly to avoid mixing up the components of both systems. Therefore, bolts and nuts for both systems are standardized in one single part of this European Standard each and the marking of the components of the same system is uniform. Preloaded bolted assemblies are very sensitive to differences in manufacture and lubrication. Therefore it is important that the bolting assemblies are supplied by one manufacturer who is always responsible for the functionality of the bolting assemblies. For the same reason it is important that coating of the bolting assemblies is under the control of one manufacturer. Beside the mechanical properties of the components, the functionality of the bolting assemblies requires that the specified preload can be achieved if the bolting assemblies are tightened with a suitable procedure. For this purpose a test method for the suitability of the bolting assemblies for preloading was created, which will demonstrate whether the functionality of the bolting assemblies is fulfilled. It should be pointed out that compared to ISO 272 the widths across flats (large series) for M12 and M20 have been changed to 22 mm and 32 mm respectively. These changes are justified by the following reasons. Under the specific conditions of structural bolting, the compressive stresses under the bolt head or nut for the sizes M12 may become too large with the width across flats of 21 mm, especially if the washer is fitted eccentrically to the bolt axis. For the size M20, the width across flats of 34 mm is very difficult to be produced. The change to 32 mm is primarily motivated by economics but it should also be pointed out that the width across flats of 32 mm was common practice in Europe. kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
FprEN 14399-2:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the technical requirements for high strength structural bolting assemblies in order to ensure the suitability for preloading of bolted connections in metallic structures. A suitability test is specified to check the behaviour of the structural bolting assemblies so as to ensure that the required preload can be reliably obtained by the tightening methods specified in EN 1090-2 with sufficient margins against overtightening and against failure. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures EN 14399-1, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 1: General requirements EN 14399-3, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-4, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-5, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 5: Plain washers EN 14399-6, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers EN 14399-7, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 7: System HR — Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-8, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-9, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 9: System HR or HV — Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-10, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 10: System HRC — Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1) EN ISO 898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-2) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14399-1 apply. kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
FprEN 14399-2:2014 (E) 6 4 Symbols and units A elongation, (mm) As nominal stress area of the bolt, (mm2) (see EN ISO 898-1) d nominal thread diameter, (mm) Fb bolt force during the test, (kN) Fbi individual value of the bolt force related to a given nut rotation, torque or bolt elongation, (kN) Fbm mean value of Fbi values, (kN) Fbi,max individual value of the maximum bolt force reached during the test, (kN) Fp,C required preload of 0,7 fub As, (kN) fub nominal tensile strength (Rm,nom), (MPa) k k-factor ki individual value of the k-factor km mean value of the k-factor lb,eff t) plus half the nominal nut height, (mm) M torque applied during the test, (Nm) Mi individual value of the torque applied during the test, (Nm) Mpi individual value of the torque at which the bolt force has first reached the value of Fp,C, (Nm) Mspec specified value of the torque to be applied to the bolting assemblies, (Nm) n number of test results sF estimated standard deviation of the Fbi values for a tightening torque Mspec sk estimated standard deviation of the ki-values for the preload Fp,C Vk coefficient of variation of the k-factor for the preload Fp,C
angle of rotation of the nut relative to the bolt, (°) pi individual value of the angle
at which the bolt force has first reached the value of Fp,C, (°) 1i individual value of the angle
at which the bolt force has reached its maximum value Fbi,max, (°) 2i individual value of the angle , (°) û1i individual angle difference (1i − pi), (°) û2i individual angle difference (2i − pi), (°) û2min minimum required value of the angle difference û2i as specified in the relevant product standard (°) t clamp length given as the total thickness of the clamped parts between the nut bearing face and the bolt head bearing face, (mm) kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
FprEN 14399-2:2014 (E) 7 5 Technical requirements for structural bolting assemblies 5.1 Composition of bolting assemblies The performance of the high-strength structural bolting assemblies as specified in Table 1 depends on the properties of their specific components. Therefore, the essential characteristics listed in EN 14399-1 are assessed through the verification of the properties of the components and/or bolting assemblies, as applicable. Other aspects dealing with marking and delivery conditions are assessed through inspection of the involved components and/or bolting assemblies, as applicable. kSIST FprEN 14399-2:2014
FprEN 14399-2:2014 (E) 8 Table 1 — Composition of high-strength structural bolting assemblies and component marking Type of bolting assembly System HR System HV System HRC General requirements EN 14399–1 Suitability for preloading EN 14399–2 and, if any, additional testing specified in the product standard Bolt and nut EN 14399–3 EN 14399–7 EN 14399–4 EN 14399–8 EN 14399–10 Marking Bolt HR8.8 HR10.9 HR8.8 HR10.9 HV10.9 HVP10.9 HRC10.9 Nut HR8 or HR10 HR10 HR8 or HR10 HR10 HV10 HV10 HR10 HRD10 Washer(s) EN 14399–5a or EN 14399–6 EN 14399–6 EN 14399–5a or EN 14399–6 Marking H or HRb H or HVb H or HRb H or HRb or HDc Direct tension indicator and nut face washer or bolt face washer, if any EN 14399–9 Not applicable Marking Direct tension indicator H8 H10 H8 H10 H10 Nut face washer HN HN Bolt
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