SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008

Industrial communication networks - Fieldbus specifications - Part 5-17: Application layer service definition - Type 17 elements

The fieldbus Application Layer (FAL) provides user programs with a means to access the fieldbus communication environment. In this respect, the FAL can be viewed as a "window between corresponding application programs." This standard provides common elements for basic time-critical and non-time-critical messaging communications between application programs in an automation environment and material specific to Type 17 fieldbus. The term "time-critical" is used to represent the presence of a time-window, within which one or more specified actions are required to be completed with some defined level of certainty. Failure to complete specified actions within the time window risks failure of the applications requesting the actions, with attendant risk to equipment, plant and possibly human life. This standard defines in an abstract way the externally visible service provided by the different Types of the fieldbus Application Layer in terms of a) an abstract model for defining application resources (objects) capable of being manipulated by users via the use of the FAL service, b) the primitive actions and events of the service; c) the parameters associated with each primitive action and event, and the form which they take; and d) the interrelationship between these actions and events, and their valid sequences. The purpose of this standard is to define the services provided to 1) the FAL user at the boundary between the user and the Application Layer of the Fieldbus Reference Model, and 2) Systems Management at the boundary between the Application Layer and Systems Management of the Fieldbus Reference Model. This standard specifies the structure and services of the IEC fieldbus Application Layer, in conformance with the OSI Basic Reference Model (ISO/IEC 7498) and the OSI Application Layer Structure (ISO/IEC 9545). FAL services and protocols are provided by FAL application-entities (AE) contained within the application processes. The FAL AE is composed of a set of object-oriented Application Service Elements (ASEs) and a Layer Management Entity (LME) that manages the AE. The ASEs provide communication services that operate on a set of related application process object (APO) classes. One of the FAL ASEs is a management ASE that provides a common set of services for the management of the instances of FAL classes. Although these services specify, from the perspective of applications, how request and responses are issued and delivered, they do not include a specification of what the requesting and responding applications are to do with them. That is, the behavioral aspects of the applications are not specified; only a definition of what requests and responses they can send/receive is specified. This permits greater flexibility to the FAL users in standardizing such object behavior. In addition to these services, some supporting services are also defined in this standard to provide access to the FAL to control certain aspects of its operation.

Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze - Feldbusse - Teil 5-17: Dienstfestlegungen des Application Layer (Anwendungsschicht) - Typ 17-Elemente

Réseaux de communication industriels - Spécifications des bus de terrain - Partie 5-17: Définition des services des couches d'application - Eléments de type 17

L'IEC 61158-5-17:2007 définit les services fournis à: l'utilisateur de FAL à la frontière entre l'utilisateur et la Couche Application du modèle de référence de bus de terrain; et la Gestion des systèmes au niveau de la frontière entre la Couche Application et la Gestion des systèmes selon le Modèle de référence de bus de terrain. Elle spécifie la structure et les services de la Couche Application des bus de terrain CEI, en conformité avec le Modèle de référence de base de l'OSI (ISO/CEI 7498) et la Structure de la couche application de l'OSI (ISO/CEI 9545). La présente première édition et ses parties connexes de la sous-série CEI 61158-5 annulent et remplacent la CEI 61158 5:2003. Cette édition de la présente partie constitue un supplément technique. La présente partie et ses parties compagnes Type 17 annulent et remplacent la CEI/PAS 62405. Elle inclut les modifications suivantes: suppression du précédent bus de terrain Type 6 en raison du manque de pertinence commerciale; ajout de nouveaux types de bus de terrain; division de la Partie 5 de la troisième édition en plusieurs parties numérotées -5 2, -5 3,  La présente version bilingue (2014-06) correspond à la version anglaise monolingue publiée en 2007-12.

Industrijska komunikacijska omrežja - Specifikacije za procesno vodilo - 5-17. del: Definicija opravil na aplikacijskem nivoju - Elementi tipa 17 (IEC 61158-5-17:2007)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Jun-2008
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 35.100.70 - Application layer
• ICS: 35.110 - Networking
• Technical Committee: MOV - Measuring equipment for electromagnetic quantities
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 13-May-2008
• Due Date: 18-Jul-2008
• Completion Date: 12-Jun-2008
• Ref Project: EN 61158-5-17:2008 - Industrial communication networks - Fieldbus specifications - Part 5-17: Application layer service definition - Type 17 elements

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 61158-5:2004 - Digital data communication for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems -- Part 5: Application layer service definition
• Effective Date: 29-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN 61158-5:2004 - Digital data communication for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems -- Part 5: Application layer service definition
• Effective Date: 07-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
01-julij-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 61158-5:2004
Industrijska komunikacijska omrežja - Specifikacije za procesno vodilo - 5-17. del:
Definicija opravil na aplikacijskem nivoju - Elementi tipa 17 (IEC 61158-5-17:2007)
Industrial communication networks - Fieldbus specifications - Part 5-17: Application layer
service definition - Type 17 elements
Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze - Feldbusse - Teil 5-17: Dienstfestlegungen des
Application Layer (Anwendungsschicht) - Typ 17-Elemente
Réseaux de communication industriels - Spécifications des bus de terrain - Partie 5-17:
Définition des services des couches d'application - Eléments de type 17
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61158-5-17:2008
ICS:
25.040.40 Merjenje in krmiljenje Industrial process
industrijskih postopkov measurement and control
35.100.70 Uporabniški sloj Application layer
35.110 Omreževanje Networking
SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61158-5-17

NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2008
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 35.100.70; 25.040.40 Partially supersedes EN 61158-5:2004


English version


Industrial communication networks -
Fieldbus specifications -
Part 5-17: Application layer service definition -
Type 17 elements
(IEC 61158-5-17:2007)


Réseaux de communication industriels -  Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze -
Spécifications des bus de terrain - Feldbusse -
Partie 5-17: Définition des services Teil 5-17: Dienstfestlegungen
des couches d'application - des Application Layer
Eléments de type 17 (Anwendungsschicht) -
(CEI 61158-5-17:2007) Typ 17-Elemente
(IEC 61158-5-17:2007)




This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels


© 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61158-5-17:2008 E

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
EN 61158-5-17:2008 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 65C/475/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61158-5-17, prepared by SC 65C, Industrial
networks, of IEC TC 65, Industrial-process measurement, control and automation, was submitted to the
IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61158-5-17 on 2008-02-01.
This and the other parts of the EN 61158-5 series supersede EN 61158-5:2004.
With respect to EN 61158-5:2004 the following changes were made:
– deletion of Type 6 fieldbus for lack of market relevance;
– addition of new fieldbus types;
– partition into multiple parts numbered 5-2, 5-3, …, 5-20.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2008-11-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2011-02-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
NOTE  Use of some of the associated protocol types is restricted by their intellectual-property-right holders. In all cases, the
commitment to limited release of intellectual-property-rights made by the holders of those rights permits a particular data-link layer
protocol type to be used with physical layer and application layer protocols in type combinations as specified explicitly in the
EN 61784 series. Use of the various protocol types in other combinations may require permission from their respective
intellectual-property-right holders.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61158-5-17:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 61158-6-17 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61158-6-17:2008 (not modified).
IEC 61784-1 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61784-1:2008 (not modified).
IEC 61784-2 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61784-2:2008 (not modified).
__________

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
- 3 - EN 61158-5-17:2008
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC/TR 61158-1 2007 Industrial communication networks - - -
Fieldbus specifications -
Part 1: Overview and guidance for the
IEC 61158 and IEC 61784 series


ISO/IEC 7498 Series Information technology - Open Systems EN ISO/IEC 7498 Series
Interconnection - Basic Reference Model


1)
ISO/IEC 9545 - Information technology - Open Systems - -
Interconnection - Application Layer structure


1)
ISO/IEC 10731 - Information technology - Open Systems - -
Interconnection - Basic reference model -
Conventions for the definition of OSI services





1)
Undated reference.

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
IEC 61158-5-17
Edition 1.0 2007-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD

Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications –
Part 5-17: Application layer service definition – Type 17 elements

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XA
ICS 35.100.70; 25.040.40 ISBN 2-8318-9469-7

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
– 2 – 61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E)
CONTENTS

FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
1.1 Overview .7
1.2 Specifications.8
1.3 Conformance.8
2 Normative references .8
3 Definitions .8
3.1 Terms and definitions .8
3.2 Abbreviations and symbols.14
3.3 Conventions .14
4 Concepts .18
4.1 General .18
4.2 Relationships between ASEs.18
4.3 FAL ASEs.18
4.4 Common FAL service parameters.19
5 ASEs .19
5.1 Variable ASE.19
5.2 Event ASE.23
5.3 Load region ASE .25
5.4 Function invocation ASE .28
5.5 Time ASE.30
5.6 Network management ASE.33
5.7 Application relationship ASE .37
6 ARs .46
6.1 General .46
6.2 Point-to-point user-triggered confirmed client/server AREP (PTC-AR) .46
6.3 Point-to-point user-triggered unconfirmed client/server AREP (PTU-AR) .48
6.4 Point-to-point network-scheduled unconfirmed publisher/subscriber AREP
(PSU-AR) .49
6.5 Multipoint user-triggered unconfirmed publisher/subscriber AREP (MTU-AR) .50
6.6 Multipoint network-scheduled unconfirmed publisher/subscriber AREP
(MSU-AR).51
7 Summary of FAL classes .53
8 Permitted FAL services by AREP role.53
Bibliography.55

Figure 1 – FAL ASEs .18
Figure 2 – The AR ASE conveys APDUs between APs .37

Table 1 – Read service parameters.21
Table 2 – Write service parameters.22
Table 3 – Information report service parameters .22

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E) – 3 –
Table 4 – Event notification service parameters .24
Table 5 – Event notification recovery service parameters.25
Table 6 – Download service parameters .27
Table 7 – Upload service parameters.27
Table 8 – Start service parameters .29
Table 9 – Stop service parameters.29
Table 10 – Resume service parameters .30
Table 11 – Get network time service parameters .31
Table 12 – Set network time service parameters.32
Table 13 – Tick notification service parameters.32
Table 14 – Get network status service parameters.34
Table 15 – Get station status service parameters.35
Table 16 – Network status change report service parameters .36
Table 17 – Station status change report service parameters .36
Table 18 – Conveyance of service primitives by AREP role.38
Table 19 – Valid combinations of AREP roles involved in an AR .38
Table 20 – AR-Unconfirmed Send.42
Table 21 – AR-confirmed send.43
Table 22 – AR-establish service.44
Table 23 – AR-abort .45
Table 24 – FAL class summary .53
Table 25 – FAL services by AR type .54

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
– 4 – 61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS –
FIELDBUS SPECIFICATIONS –

Part 5-17: Application layer service definition – Type 17 elements


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
NOTE  Use of some of the associated protocol types is restricted by their intellectual-property-right holders. In all
cases, the commitment to limited release of intellectual-property-rights made by the holders of those rights permits
a particular data-link layer protocol type to be used with physical layer and application layer protocols in type
combinations as specified explicitly in the IEC 61784 series. Use of the various protocol types in other
combinations may require permission of their respective intellectual-property-right holders.
International Standard IEC 61158-5-17 has been prepared by subcommittee 65C: Digital
communications, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement and control.
This first edition and its companion parts of the IEC 61158-5 subseries cancel and replace
IEC 61158-5:2003. This edition of this part constitutes a technical addition. This part and its
Type 17 companion parts also cancel and replace IEC/PAS 62405.
This edition of IEC 61158-5 includes the following significant changes from the previous
edition:
a) deletion of the former Type 6 fieldbus for lack of market relevance;

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E) – 5 –
b) addition of new types of fieldbuses;
c) partition of part 5 of the third edition into multiple parts numbered -5-2, -5-3, …
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
65C/475/FDIS 65C/486/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under http://webstore.iec.ch in the
data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be:
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
NOTE  The revision of this standard will be synchronized with the other parts of the IEC 61158 series.
The list of all the parts of the IEC 61158 series, under the general title Industrial
communication networks – Fieldbus specifications, can be found on the IEC web site.

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
– 6 – 61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E)
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 61158 is one of a series produced to facilitate the interconnection of
automation system components. It is related to other standards in the set as defined by the
“three-layer” fieldbus reference model described in IEC/TR 61158-1.
The application service is provided by the application protocol making use of the services
available from the data-link or other immediately lower layer. This standard defines the
application service characteristics that fieldbus applications and/or system management may
exploit.
Throughout the set of fieldbus standards, the term “service” refers to the abstract capability
provided by one layer of the OSI Basic Reference Model to the layer immediately above. Thus,
the application layer service defined in this standard is a conceptual architectural service,
independent of administrative and implementation divisions.

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E) – 7 –
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS –
FIELDBUS SPECIFICATIONS –

Part 5-17: Application layer service definition – Type 17 elements


1 Scope
1.1 Overview
The fieldbus Application Layer (FAL) provides user programs with a means to access the
fieldbus communication environment. In this respect, the FAL can be viewed as a “window
between corresponding application programs.”
This standard provides common elements for basic time-critical and non-time-critical
messaging communications between application programs in an automation environment and
material specific to Type 17 fieldbus. The term “time-critical” is used to represent the
presence of a time-window, within which one or more specified actions are required to be
completed with some defined level of certainty. Failure to complete specified actions within
the time window risks failure of the applications requesting the actions, with attendant risk to
equipment, plant and possibly human life.
This standard defines in an abstract way the externally visible service provided by the
different Types of the fieldbus Application Layer in terms of
a) an abstract model for defining application resources (objects) capable of being
manipulated by users via the use of the FAL service,
b) the primitive actions and events of the service;
c) the parameters associated with each primitive action and event, and the form which they
take; and
d) the interrelationship between these actions and events, and their valid sequences.
The purpose of this standard is to define the services provided to
1) the FAL user at the boundary between the user and the Application Layer of the Fieldbus
Reference Model, and
2) Systems Management at the boundary between the Application Layer and Systems
Management of the Fieldbus Reference Model.
This standard specifies the structure and services of the IEC fieldbus Application Layer, in
conformance with the OSI Basic Reference Model (ISO/IEC 7498) and the OSI Application
Layer Structure (ISO/IEC 9545).
FAL services and protocols are provided by FAL application-entities (AE) contained within the
application processes. The FAL AE is composed of a set of object-oriented Application
Service Elements (ASEs) and a Layer Management Entity (LME) that manages the AE. The
ASEs provide communication services that operate on a set of related application process
object (APO) classes. One of the FAL ASEs is a management ASE that provides a common
set of services for the management of the instances of FAL classes.
Although these services specify, from the perspective of applications, how request and
responses are issued and delivered, they do not include a specification of what the requesting
and responding applications are to do with them. That is, the behavioral aspects of the
applications are not specified; only a definition of what requests and responses they can
send/receive is specified. This permits greater flexibility to the FAL users in standardizing
such object behavior. In addition to these services, some supporting services are also defined
in this standard to provide access to the FAL to control certain aspects of its operation.

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
– 8 – 61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E)
1.2 Specifications
The principal objective of this standard is to specify the characteristics of conceptual
application layer services suitable for time-critical communications, and thus supplement the
OSI Basic Reference Model in guiding the development of application layer protocols for time-
critical communications.
A secondary objective is to provide migration paths from previously-existing industrial
communications protocols. It is this latter objective which gives rise to the diversity of services
standardized as the various types of IEC 61158.
This specification may be used as the basis for formal Application Programming-Interfaces.
Nevertheless, it is not a formal programming interface, and any such interface will need to
address implementation issues not covered by this specification, including
a) the sizes and octet ordering of various multi-octet service parameters, and
b) the correlation of paired request and confirm, or indication and response, primitives.
1.3 Conformance
This standard does not specify individual implementations or products, nor do they constrain
the implementations of application layer entities within industrial automation systems.
There is no conformance of equipment to this application layer service definition standard.
Instead, conformance is achieved through implementation of conforming application layer
protocols that fulfill the Type 17 application layer services as defined in this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For all other undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC/TR 61158-1 (Ed.2.0), Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications – Part
1: Overview and guidance for the IEC 61158 and IEC 61784 series
ISO/IEC 7498 (all parts), Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Basic
Reference Model
ISO/IEC 9545, Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Application Layer
structure
ISO/IEC 10731, Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Basic Reference
Model – Conventions for the definition of OSI services
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1 ISO/IEC 7498-1 terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms as defined in ISO/IEC 7498-1 apply:
a) application entity
b) application protocol data unit

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SIST EN 61158-5-17:2008
61158-5-17 © IEC:2007(E) – 9 –
c) application service element
3.1.2 ISO/IEC 10731 terms
a) (N)-connection
b) (N)-entity
c) (N)-layer
d) (N)-service
e) (N)-service-access-point
3.1.3 Other terms and definitions
3.1.3.1
application
function or data structure for which data is consumed or produced
3.1.3.2
application process
part of a distributed application on a network, which is located on one device and
unambiguously addressed
3.1.3.3
application relationship
cooperative association between two or more application-entity-invocations for the purpose of
exchange of information and coordination of their joint operation
NOTE  This relationship is activated either by the exchange of application-protocol-data-units or as a result of
preconfiguration activities
3.1.3.4
application relationship endpoint
context and behavior of an application relationship as seen and maintained by one of the
application processes involved in the application relationship
NOTE  Each application process involved in the application relationship maintains its own application relationship
endpoint.
3.1.3.5
attribute
description of an externally visible characteristic or feature of an object
NOTE  The attributes of an object contain information about variable portions of an object. Typically, they provide
status information or govern the operation of an object. Attributes may also affect the behaviour of an object.
Attributes are divided into class attributes and instance attributes.
3.1.3.6
behaviour
indication of how an object responds to particular eventss
3.1.3.7
bridge
intermediate equipment that connects two or more segments using a data-link layer relay
function
3.1.3.8
channel
single physical or logical link of an input or output application object of a server to the process
3.1.3.9
class
a set of objects, all of which represent the same kind of system component

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