SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
(Main)Paragliding equipment - Harnesses - Safety requirements and strength tests
Paragliding equipment - Harnesses - Safety requirements and strength tests
EN 1651+A1 is applicable only to harnesses for paragliders. The intermediate attachment system between the harness and the paraglider does not form part of this standard.This Standard specifies safety requirements and test methods.
Ausrüstung für das Gleitschirmfliegen - Gurtzeuge - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfung der Festigkeit
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nur für Gleitschirmgurtzeuge. Das Befestigungssystem zwischen Gurtzeug und Gleitschirm ist nicht Bestandteil dieser Norm.
Diese Norm legt sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren fest.
Équipement pour le parapente - Sellettes pour parapente - Éxigences de sécurité et essais de résistance
La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique qu’aux sellettes pour parapente. Le système d’attache intermédiaire entre la sellette et le parapente ne fait pas partie intégrante de la présente norme.
La présente norme spécifie les exigences de sécurité et les méthodes d’essai.
Oprema za jadralno padalstvo - Pasovi - Varnostne zahteve in trdnostni preskusi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
01-julij-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1651:2018
Oprema za jadralno padalstvo - Pasovi - Varnostne zahteve in trdnostni preskusi
Paragliding equipment - Harnesses - Safety requirements and strength tests
Ausrüstung für das Gleitschirmfliegen - Gurtzeuge - Sicherheitstechnische
Anforderungen und Prüfung der Festigkeit
Équipement pour le parapente - Sellettes pour parapente - Éxigences de sécurité et
essais de résistance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
ICS:
97.220.40 Oprema za športe na Outdoor and water sports
prostem in vodne športe equipment
SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
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SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
EN 1651:2018+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 97.220.40
English Version
Paragliding equipment - Harnesses - Safety requirements
and strength tests
Équipement pour le parapente - Sellettes pour Ausrüstung für das Gleitschirmfliegen - Gurtzeuge -
parapente - Éxigences de sécurité et essais de Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfung der
résistance Festigkeit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 November 2017 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 22
November 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Safety requirements . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Strength requirements . 6
4.2.1 Positive symmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points . 6
4.2.2 Positive asymmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points . 7
4.2.3 Positive symmetric load applied to the emergency parachute attachment points . 7
4.2.4 Negative symmetric load applied to the emergency parachute attachment points . 7
4.2.5 Negative symmetric load applied to the tow attachment points . 7
4.2.6 Negative symmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points . 7
4.2.7 Upright position load . 8
4.2.8 Emergency parachute connecting element . 8
4.2.9 Anti falling-out system . 8
4.2.10 !Static parachute extraction test for harnesses with integrated emergency
parachute container(s) . 8
4.3 Vertical impact pad test requirements . 8
4.4 Emergency parachute deployment test requirements . 8
5 Test methods . 9
5.1 Principles . 9
5.2 Strength tests . 9
5.3 Vertical impact test . 9
5.4 Apparatus . 9
5.4.1 Apparatus for strength tests . 9
5.4.2 Apparatus for vertical impact test . 10
5.5 Procedure. 12
5.5.1 Strength test methods . 12
5.5.2 Vertical impact pad test . 22
5.5.3 Emergency parachute deployment from integrated container . 22
6 Test files . 23
6.1 Test file information . 23
6.2 Items accompanying the test file . 23
7 User manual . 23
8 Manufacturing record . 24
8.1 Manufacturing record content . 24
8.2 Listing of the material . 25
9 Marking . 25
Annex A (informative) !Example of manufacturer's attestation for emergency parachute
deployment. 27
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SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 1651:2018+A1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136
“Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2019-11-22.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This document supersedes !EN 1651:2018".
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 1651:2018+A1:2020
EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable only to harnesses for paragliders. The intermediate attachment
system between the harness and the paraglider does not form part of this standard.
This Standard specifies safety requirements and test methods.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12491, Paragliding equipment - Emergency parachutes - Safety requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
paraglider
ultra-light glider with no primary rigid structure, for which take-off and landing are on foot, with the
pilot (and potentially one passenger) carried in a harness (or harnesses) connected to the wing
3.2
harness
assembly composed of straps and fabric for supporting the pilot in the seated or semi-recumbent or
standing position
Note 1 to entry: The harness is attached to the wing via two rings or connectors, it can also be integral with the
wing via risers.
3.3
emergency parachute
emergency device intended to slow the descent of a paraglider pilot in the event of an incident in flight,
which is deployed by the pilot by an intentional manual action
3.4
emergency parachute connecting element
element not supplied as an integral part of either a harness or emergency parachute, provided to
connect an emergency parachute to a harness
3.5
spreaders
additional parts provided to connect a paraglider to two or more harnesses, and in some cases also to
one or more emergency parachutes
3.6
clip-in weight
total weight in flight excluding the paraglider
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
3.7
special emergency parachute attachment points
symmetrical locations on the harness structure provided by the manufacturer specifically for the
attachment of an emergency parachute
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 locations 1 and 2.
3.8
integrated Y-bridle
load distributing component integrated into the harness structure used to connect the harness to a
single parachute bridle
3.9
crotch strap
harness structural element passing between the legs intended to restrain the pilot
3.10
inner container - deployment system
inner container and the extraction handle system, being either a handle fixed to the inner container, or a
free handle and handle attachment point(s) on the inner container
3.11
emergency parachute system
emergency parachute combined with its deployment system
3.12
anti falling-out system
system preventing unintentional slipping from a harness when the crotch straps are not closed
3.13
durable medium
information given to the user in an unchangeable format that does not allow for unilateral editing or
altering by the information provider, and enables the recipient to store the information in a way that is
accessible for future reference for as long as the user might reasonably need it
3.14
impact pad
pad fitted to a paraglider harness to reduce compression damage to the spine of the pilot
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General
All free ends of the harness straps shall be finished with a folded hem making it impossible for the
straps to pass through the adjustable buckles.
The harness shall be made in accordance with accepted practice for textile assemblies.
All attachment points provided on the harness (see Figure 1) that may be used for attachment of the
paraglider or emergency parachute shall be clearly marked in a contrasting colour to the other
webbing.
The attachment points for the emergency parachute shall not be in a position lower than the attachment
points of the paraglider and shall be positioned symmetrically on the harness.
5
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Key
1 special harness attachment for emergency parachute (right)
2 special harness attachment for emergency parachute (left)
3 harness attachment for paraglider riser(s) (right)
4 harness attachment for paraglider riser(s) (left)
5 harness attachment for tow release (right)
6 harness attachment for tow release (left)
B1 dummy attachment to anchorage (right)
B2 dummy attachment to anchorage (left)
A dummy attachment point
F pulling force
Figure 1 — Attachment points for the tests
NOTE The numbering system for attachment points in this Figure 1 is retained in all the following figures of
this European Standard.
4.2 Strength requirements
4.2.1 Positive symmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points
When tested in accordance with 5.5.1.1, there shall be:
a) during the adjustable component slipping test, no slippage of any adjustable element exceeding
10mm;
b) no rupture of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
d) no rupture, slipping or deformation likely to result in the dummy falling out of the harness.
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4.2.2 Positive asymmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points
When tested in accordance with 5.5.1.2, there shall be:
a) no rupture of any essential structural part;
b) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture, slipping or deformation that makes it possible for the dummy to fall out of the harness.
4.2.3 Positive symmetric load applied to the emergency parachute attachment points
For harnesses with special emergency parachute attachment points, and / or an integrated Y bridle,
when tested in accordance with 5.5.1.3, there shall be:
a) during the adjustable component slipping test, no slippage of any adjustable element exceeding
10mm;
b) no rupture of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
d) no rupture, slipping or deformation likely to result in the dummy falling out of the harness.
4.2.4 Negative symmetric load applied to the emergency parachute attachment points
For harnesses with special emergency parachute attachment points, and / or an integrated Y-bridle,
which are formed by a separate attached construction which appears to be asymmetric, when tested in
accordance with 5.5.1.4, there shall be:
a) during the adjustable component slipping test, no slippage of any adjustable element exceeding
10mm;
b) no rupture of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
d) no rupture, slipping or deformation likely to result in the dummy falling out of the harness.
4.2.5 Negative symmetric load applied to the tow attachment points
For harnesses with tow attachment points, when tested in accordance with 5.5.1.5, there shall be:
a) no rupture of any essential structural part;
b) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture, slipping or deformation that makes it possible for the dummy to fall out of the harness.
4.2.6 Negative symmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points
When tested in accordance with 5.5.1.6, there shall be:
a) no rupture of any essential structural part;
b) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture, slipping or deformation likely to result in the dummy falling out of the harness.
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4.2.7 Upright position load
When tested in accordance with 5.5.1.7, there shall be:
a) during the adjustable component slipping test, no slippage of any adjustable element exceeding
10mm;
b) no rupture of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
d) no rupture, slipping or deformation likely to result in the dummy falling out of the harness.
4.2.8 Emergency parachute connecting element
When tested in accordance with 5.5.1.8, there shall be no rupture of any essential structural part.
4.2.9 Anti falling-out system
When tested in accordance with 5.5.1.9, there shall be:
a) no rupture of any essential structural part;
b) no rupture of the stitching of any essential structural part;
c) no rupture, slipping or deformation likely to result in the dummy falling out of the harness.
4.2.10 !Static parachute extraction test for harnesses with integrated emergency parachute
container(s)
For harnesses with integrated emergency parachute container(s), the extraction of the emergency
parachute in its inner container shall be tested in accordance with 5.5.1.11."
4.3 Vertical impact pad test requirements
Where the manufacturer claims the harness is equipped with an impact pad, the pad shall be tested in
accordance with the test procedure 5.5.2.
Stiff or rigid parts on the harness or impact pad shall only be permitted if no injuries to the back, neck
or head of the user are likely from these parts. The design and materials of the impact pad shall ensure
as far as possible that no bending or point loads to the back, neck or head of the user may occur on
impact or deformation.
The impact pad shall not depend on manual activation prior to impact.
4.4 Emergency parachute deployment test requirements
The requirements of this clause apply to integrated container(s) designed for an emergency
parachute(s) according to EN 12491.
If the harness comprises all or parts of an emergency parachute, these parts shall comply with
EN 12491.
For harnesses with integrated outer containers, test deployments shall be made from all integrated
outer container locations.
The test is to be undertaken by the harness manufacturer according to 5.5.3. The manufacturer shall
provide an attestation of completion of the test.
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
5 Test methods
5.1 Principles
Unless otherwise specified, times are minimum cumulative duration and load requirements are
minimum values.
5.2 Strength tests
The strength of the harness and the safety of its occupant are verified using a dummy and the
application of various forces to the attachment points (see Figure 1).
The attachment points of the harness (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) shall be connected to the test equipment by
metallic connectors of a minimum of 6 mm diameter. If the sample is equipped with connectors
recommended by the manufacturer, these shall be used to connect it to the test equipment.
The equipment supplied for testing shall be identical in all aspects with the marketed model.
If the manufacturer recommends a maximum clip-in weight of more than 100 kg, unless otherwise
specifically defined, all of the specified loads shall be increased by multiplying by the factor K. K is
calculated as:
m
C
K= (1)
m
ref
where
K is the factor for the specified load;
m is the clip-in weight, in kg
c
m is the reference weight of 100 kg
ref
5.3 Vertical impact test
Where the manufacturer claims the harness is equipped with an impact pad, the damping of the impact
pad is verified using apparatus consisting of a vertical impact dummy and various measurement tools.
The equipment supplied for testing shall be identical in all aspects with the marketed model.
The test shall be performed with a dummy installed in an apparatus to ensure a vertical guided fall (see
Figure 3).
The impact pad test shall be conducted at an ambient temperature of (20° ± 5)°C. The impact pad itself
shall be at ambient temperature prior to testing.
Although this test is limited to a vertical impact, manufacturers should extend the impact pad more
widely over the back area.
5.4 Apparatus
5.4.1 Apparatus for strength tests
5.4.1.1 Seated dummy
A dummy in the seated position according to Figure 2 is to be used.
A tolerance of ± 5 % is allowed to the test dummy dimensions in Figure 2.
The ring indicated at the neck of the dummy in Figure 2 is an optional force application point.
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Seated dummy
5.4.1.2 Electronic sensor for force measurement
A calibrated electronic sensor equipped with an electronic strain gauge for measuring the force
(sampling a minimum of 10 times per second) is required.
5.4.1.3 Measurement circuit
A measurement circuit with a graph clearly showing the force (N) against time (s) is required.
5.4.2 Apparatus for vertical impact test
5.4.2.1 Harness impact pad test dummy
leaning position
The dummy shall be installed in a rearwards leaning position at an angle alpha “α” between 20° and 25°
as illustrated in Figure 3.
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Key
1 impact surface
2 vertical plane
3 dummy
4 lowest point of the dummy
α dummy rearwards leaning angle
Figure 3 — Angle of attack of the impact pad test dummy
5.4.2.2 Harness impact pad test dummy description
The falling mass, excluding the harness, shall be a minimum of 50 kg.
The dummy shall be constructed according to Figure 4. A tolerance of 5 % is allowed for the test dummy
dimensions in Figure 4.
The dummy shall be made of a suitably robust and rigid material to withstand the tests without
distortion.
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Dimensions in mllimetres
Figure 4 — Harness impact pad test dummy
5.4.2.3 Impact plate and dummy characteristics
The impact plate shall be horizontal and flat with anti-slip properties.
The damping of the system shall be checked by dropping the falling mass with no harness from 4 cm
(±2 mm) measured from the surface and shall produce measured impact value of not less than 20 g.
5.4.2.4 Electronic device for vertical impact pad test
5.4.2.4.1 Vertical axis ccelerometer
A mono axis accelerometer shall be used. It shall be mounted on the dummy near the centre of mass
with the axis of the accelerometer vertical (±10°).
5.4.2.4.2 A/D Converter
The acceleration during the fall should be recorded with a frequency not less than 1 000 Hz.
5.4.2.5 Airbag impact pad flight simulation
Where the manufacturer claims the harness is equipped with an impact pad requiring an airstream, the
airstream used to inflate the airbag shall not be greater than 7 m/s when measured at the airbag
inflation point of the harness. The inflation airstream shall be stopped for a period of 5 s before the test
is carried out. Direct insertion of the inflation airstream tube in the airbag or any other methods of
preventing air leakage from the airbag are not permitted.
5.5 Procedure
5.5.1 Strength test methods
5.5.1.1 Positive symmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points
The test is carried out with the dummy seated and strapped correctly in the harness and anchored by
two points (see points B1 and B2 in Figure 5).
If there are any relevant adjustable components, first carry out the adjustable component slipping test
according to 5.5.1.10 by applying a force of 4 500 N for 5 s to the two paraglider riser attachment points
(see points 3 and 4 in Figure 5). Record the extent of any slipping.
Apply a force of 15 000 N symmetrically for 5 s to the two paraglider riser attachment points (see
points Key 3 and 4 in Figure 5).
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Key
3 harness attachment for paraglider riser(s) (right)
4 harness attachment for paraglider riser(s) (left)
B1 dummy attachment to anchorage (right)
B2 dummy attachment to anchorage (left)
F pulling force
Figure 5 — Positive symmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points
5.5.1.2 Positive asymmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points
The test is carried out with the dummy seated and strapped correctly in the harness and anchored to a
free running connection (see points C on Figure 6) between points B1 and B2. Apply a force of 6 000 N
for 5 s to one of the paraglider riser attachment points (right or left) (see points 3 or 4 of Figure 1).
Figure 6 illustrates the test performed using the attachment point 3.
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Key
3 harness attachment for paraglider riser(s) (right)
B1 dummy attachment to anchorage (right)
B2 dummy attachment to anchorage (left)
C free running connection
F pulling force
Figure 6 — Positive asymmetric load applied to the paraglider riser attachment points
5.5.1.3 Positive symmetric load applied to the emergency parachute attachment points
The test is carried out with the dummy seated and strapped correctly in the harness and anchored by
two points (see points B1 and B2 in Figure 7).
If there are any relevant adjustable components, first carry out the adjustable component slipping test
according to 5.5.1.10 by applying a force of 4 500 N for 5 s to the two emergency parachute attachment
points (see points 1 and 2 in Figure 7). Record the extent of any slipping.
Apply a force of 15 000 N symmetrically for 5 s to the two emergency parachute attachment points
(see points 1 and 2 in Figure 7).
For harnesses supplied with an integrated Y bridle, the bridle is to be tested using the bridle end loop.
Apply a force of 15 000 N for 5 s to the bridle end loop.
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EN 1651:2018+A1:2020 (E)
Key
1 harness attachment for emergency parachute (right)
2 harness attachment for emergency parachute (left)
B1 dummy attachment to anchorage (right)
B2 dummy attachment to anchorage (left)
F pulling force
Figure 7 — Positive symmetric load applied to the emergency parachute attachment points
5.5.1.4 Negative symmetric load applied to the emergency parachute attachment points
Where the special emergency parachute attachment points and/or integrated Y-bridle are formed by a
separate attached construction which appears to be asymmetric, they shall be additionally tested in
both frontwards and backwards negative loading directions according to Figure 8.
An asymmetric construction is any construction where the attached part of length x is of greater or
lesser length than the attached part of length y (see Figure 8). The test shall be performed if it cannot be
established that a symmetrically attached construction has been used.
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