SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
(Main)Gas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applications
Gas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applications
This European Standard specifies the requirements for materials, design, manufacture, testing inspection, safety systems and documentation (including instructions for first operation), for commonly-used types of gas-loaded accumulators and gas bottles for fluid power applications (see This European Standard applies to the following types of components, defined as the pressurecontaining envelope of gas-loaded accumulators: - bladder type; - diaphragm type; - piston type; - transfer type; - gas bottles used to provide additional gas capacity. They consist of one or several parts joined together by a variety of mechanical means and by welding. This European Standard applies to gas-loaded accumulators which operate with the following conditions: - subject to an internal gauge pressure greater than 0,5 bar; - working temperature of not lower than -50 °C and not higher than +200 °C; - containing Group 2 liquids and gases as defined in the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.
Hydrospeicher für Hydraulikanwendungen
1.1 La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux matériaux, à la conception, à la
fabrication, aux contrôles, aux systèmes de sécurité et à la documentation (y compris les instructions pour la première
mise en service) applicables aux accumulateurs hydropneumatiques de types courants et bouteilles à gaz pour
transmissions hydrauliques (voir 1.2).
1.2 La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux types de composants suivants, définis comme étant
l’enveloppe sous pression des accumulateurs hydropneumatiques :
- type à vessie ;
- type à membrane ;
- type à piston ;
- type transfert ;
- bouteilles à gaz utilisées en tant que capacités additionnelles.
Ils sont constitués d’une ou de plusieurs parties assemblées par différents moyens mécaniques et par le soudage.
1.3 La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux accumulateurs hydropneumatiques fonctionnant dans les
conditions suivantes :
- soumis à une pression manométrique interne supérieure à 0,5 bar ;
- la température de fonctionnement est comprise entre – 50 °C et + 200 °C ;
- contenant des liquides et des gaz du groupe 2 tel que défini dans la Directive Équipements sous
pression 97/23/CE.
Elle ne s’applique pas aux :
- accumulateurs destinés à être utilisés avec des fluides dangereux (voir NOTE 1).
NOTE 1 Les applications de transmissions hydrauliques utilisent des fluides non dangereux classés selon les catégories
de l’ISO 6743-4 conjointement avec un gaz inerte (par exemple de l’azote) qui est utilisé comme produit de précharge.
NOTE 2 Les accumulateurs ne sont soumis à aucune restriction de conception relative à leur volume.
Accumulateurs hydropneumatiques pour transmissions hydrauliques
1.1 La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux matériaux, à la conception, à la
fabrication, aux contrôles, aux systèmes de sécurité et à la documentation (y compris les instructions pour la
première mise en service) applicables aux accumulateurs hydropneumatiques de types courants et bouteilles à
gaz pour transmissions hydrauliques (voir 1.2).
1.2 La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux types de composants suivants, définis comme étant
l’enveloppe sous pression des accumulateurs hydropneumatiques :
- type à vessie ;
- type à membrane ;
- type à piston ;
- type transfert ;
- bouteilles à gaz utilisées en tant que capacités additionnelles.
Ils sont constitués d’une ou de plusieurs parties assemblées par différents moyens mécaniques et par le soudage.
1.3 La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux accumulateurs hydropneumatiques fonctionnant dans les
conditions suivantes :
- soumis à une pression manométrique interne supérieure à 0,5 bar ;
- la température de fonctionnement est comprise entre – 50 °C et + 200 °C ;
- contenant des liquides et des gaz du groupe 2 tel que défini dans la Directive Équipements sous
pression 97/23/CE.
Elle ne s’applique pas aux :
- accumulateurs destinés à être utilisés avec des fluides dangereux (voir NOTE 1).
NOTE 1 Les applications de transmissions hydrauliques utilisent des fluides non dangereux classés selon les catégories
de l’ISO 6743-4 conjointement avec un gaz inerte (par exemple de l’azote) qui est utilisé comme produit de précharge.
NOTE 2 Les accumulateurs ne sont soumis à aucune restriction de conception relative à leur volume.
Hidropnevmatski zalogovniki za hidravlične razvode (vključno z dopolnilom A1)
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za materiale, načrtovanje, proizvodnjo, nadzor nad preskušanjem, varnostne sisteme in dokumentacijo (vključno z navodili za prvo delovanje) za običajno uporabljene tipe hidropnevmatskih zalogovnikov in plinskih jeklenk za hidravlične razvode (glej, kako ta evropski standard velja za naslednje tipe komponent, opredeljenih kot posode pod tlakom za akumulatorje, polnjene s plinom: - mehurjastega tipa; - diafragemskega tipa; - batnega tipa; - prenosnega tipa; - plinskih posod, uporabljenih za dodatno kapaciteto plina. Sestavljene so iz enega ali več delov, združenih z različnimi mehanskimi sredstvi in varjenjem. Ta evropski standard velja za akumulatorje, polnjene s plinom, ki delujejo pod naslednjimi pogoji: - pod manometrskim zunanjim tlakom, večjim od 0,5 bara; - pri delovni temperaturi, ki ni nižja od -50 °C in ni višja od +200 °C; - ob vsebnosti tekočin in plinov skupine 2, kot je opredeljeno v Direktivi o tlačni opremi 97/23/ES.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hydrospeicher für HydraulikanwendungenAccumulateurs hydropneumatiques pour transmissions hydrauliquesGas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applications23.100.99Other fluid power system componentsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14359:2006+A1:2010SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011en,fr,de01-februar-2011SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14359:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14359:2006+A1
December 2010 ICS 23.100.99 Supersedes EN 14359:2006English Version
Gas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applications
Accumulateurs hydropneumatiques pour transmissions hydrauliques
Hydrospeicher für Hydraulikanwendungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 16 November 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14359:2006+A1:2010: ESIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 5 1 Scope. 6 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 8 3.1 Terms and definitions . 8 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 9 3.2.1 General . 9 3.2.2 Inter-relation of thickness definitions . 10 4 Materials . 10 4.1 Requirements for metallic materials . 10 4.2 Material certificates for components of the pressure containing envelope . 10 5 Basic design and calculation criteria . 11 5.1 General . 11 5.2 Corrosion . 11 5.3 Qualification by similarity . 11 5.4 Design methods . 11 5.4.1 General . 11 5.4.2 Basic symbols, units and description . 12 5.4.3 Maximum allowable values for the nominal design stress for pressure bearing parts . 13 5.5 Design and calculation methods common to all accumulator types . 13 5.5.1 General . 13 5.5.2 Specific definitions . 13 5.5.3 Cylindrical shells . 14 5.5.4 Dished ends under internal pressure . 14 5.5.5 Isolated openings and nozzles in spherical shells and spherical centre areas of dished ends . 17 5.5.6 Thread calculation . 23 5.6 Specific design criteria for piston accumulators . 25 5.6.1 Threaded end caps . 25 5.6.2 Tie-rod retained end caps . 30 5.6.3 Split-ring retained end caps . 32 5.7 Specific design criteria for diaphragm accumulators . 35 5.7.1 General . 35 5.7.2 Two-part screwed shell design . 36 5.7.3 Three-part screwed shell design . 38 5.7.4 Gas-precharging openings . 42 5.8 Specific design criteria for oil ports mainly used in bladder type accumulators . 43 5.8.1 General . 43 5.8.2 Oil port design and calculation . 43 6 Manufacture . 46 6.1 General . 46 6.2 Special manufacturing processes for welded diaphragm accumulators . 46 6.2.1 General . 46 6.2.2 Requirements for the use of permanent backing strips . 46 6.2.3 Electron and laser beam welding . 47 6.2.4 Welded nozzles . 47 6.2.5 Heat treatment . 47 6.2.6 Approval of special welding procedures . 48 SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 3 6.2.7 Qualification of welding procedure specifications . 48 6.2.8 Verification and utilization of welding procedure specifications when applied to welding machines . 48 6.3 Forming of bladder accumulator shells . 48 6.3.1 Processes . 48 6.3.2 Heat treatment . 48 6.3.3 Verification of mechanical properties . 49 6.3.4 Visual and ultrasonic examination . 50 7 Inspection and testing . 51 7.1 General . 51 7.2 Design documentation . 51 7.3 Design review and design examination . 52 7.4 Inspection during manufacture . 52 7.5 Hydrostatic pressure test . 52 7.6 Fatigue test . 53 7.6.1 General . 53 7.6.2 Basic symbols and units . 53 7.6.3 Test equipment and preparation of test accumulator . 54 7.6.4 Accuracy . 55 7.6.5 Test conditions and procedure . 55 7.6.6 Method of evaluating and interpreting fatigue test results using the gradient of the stress-number curve and a probability of failure . 57 7.6.7 Fatigue assessment of gas loaded accumulators – Guarantee factor method) . 63 7.7 Marking and labelling . 70 7.7.1 General . 70 7.7.2 Marking method . 71 7.7.3 Marking contents . 71 7.7.4 Information labelling . 71 7.8 Documentation . 71 7.8.1 General . 71 7.8.2 Process records . 72 8 Safety instructions and equipment for accumulators . 72 8.1 Introduction . 72 8.2 Safety equipment . 72 8.2.1 General . 72 8.2.2 Limitation of pressure . 73 8.2.3 Pressures gauges . 74 8.2.4 Shut-off devices . 74 8.2.5 Fluid side pressure release devices . 74 8.2.6 Gas side release devices . 74 8.3 Tests and examinations before first operation . 75 8.3.1 Examination of documentation including instructions for first operation, stamps and CE-marks . 75 8.3.2 Examination of proper mounting . 75 8.3.3 Examination of safety equipment . 75 8.4 Supervision and maintenance . 76 Annex A (informative)
Categories of gas-loaded accumulators including reference to modules of conformity assessment . 77 Annex B (informative) Summary of activities in respect to conformity assessment modules . 78 Annex C (informative)
Examples of safety equipment configuration . 79 C.1 EXAMPLE 1 . 79 C.2 EXAMPLE 2 . 80 C.3 EXAMPLE 3 . 81 C.4 EXAMPLE 4 . 82 C.5 EXAMPLE 5 . 83 C.6 EXAMPLE 6 . 84 SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 4 C.7 EXAMPLE 7 . 85 Annex D (informative)
Manufacturer's declaration of conformity form . 86 Annex E (informative)
!Example of application of the method of evaluating and interpreting fatigue test results carried out on complete accumulators . 87 E.1 General . 87 E.1.1 General . 87 E.1.2 Consider a population of accumulators with the following characteristics: . 87 E.1.3 Calculation of CVM . 87 E.1.4 Calculation of M . 88 E.1.5 Calculation of CVE" . 88 Annex F (informative)
!Abacus" . 91 Annex G (informative)
Alternative relations for normal distributions . 95 Annex H (informative)
Variation coefficients of equipment material . 96 Annex I (informative)
!Quality / Severity condition of equipment / environment . 97 I.1 Equipment quality: ki values . 97 I.2 Severity conditions of environment: Ej values". 97 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC . 98 Bibliography . 99
SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 14359:2006+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-11-16. This document supersedes EN 14359:2006. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". Where appropriate, equations and techniques are consistent with the requirements of
EN 13445-3:2002 but this European Standard is presumed to satisfy the essential requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC in its own right. NOTE If any matter of interpretation or doubt arises as to the meaning or effect of any normative part of this European Standard, or as to whether anything should be done or has been omitted to be done, in order that this European Standard should be complied with in full, the matter needs to be referred to the CEN/TC 54 Committee. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies the requirements for materials, design, manufacture, testing inspection, safety systems and documentation (including instructions for first operation), for commonly-used types of gas-loaded accumulators and gas bottles for fluid power applications (see 1.2). 1.2 This European Standard applies to the following types of components, defined as the pressure-containing envelope of gas-loaded accumulators: ⎯ bladder type; ⎯ diaphragm type; ⎯ piston type; ⎯ transfer type; ⎯ gas bottles used to provide additional gas capacity. They consist of one or several parts joined together by a variety of mechanical means and by welding. 1.3 This European Standard applies to gas-loaded accumulators which operate with the following conditions: ⎯ subject to an internal gauge pressure greater than 0,5 bar; ⎯ working temperature of not lower than –50 °C and not higher than +200 °C; ⎯ containing Group 2 liquids and gases as defined in the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC. It does not apply to: ⎯ accumulators for use with dangerous fluids (see NOTE 1). NOTE 1 Fluid power applications utilize non-dangerous fluids as categorized in ISO 6743-4 in addition to an inert gas (e.g. nitrogen) which is used as the pre-charging medium. NOTE 2 There are no design limits to the volume of the accumulator. SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1043-1, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing — Part 1: Hardness test on arc welded joints EN 1968:2002, Transportable gas cylinders — Periodic inspection and testing of seamless steel gas cylinders EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10045-1, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents EN 13018, Non-destructive testing — Visual testing — General principles EN 13445-2:2002, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials EN 13445-3:2002, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design EN 13445-4, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication EN ISO 898-1:1999, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
(ISO 6506-1:2005) EN ISO 6506-2, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (ISO 6506-2:2005) EN ISO 6506-3, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (ISO 6506-3:2005) EN ISO 15614-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1:2004) ISO 262, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads — Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts ISO 9110-1, Hydraulic fluid power — Measurement techniques — Part 1: General measurement principles ISO 9110-2, Hydraulic fluid power — Measurement techniques — Part 2: Measurement of average steady-state pressure in a closed conduit ISO 10771-1, Hydraulic fluid power — Fatigue pressure testing of metal pressure-containing envelopes — Part 1: Test method SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 8 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 gas-loaded accumulator hydraulic accumulator with separator between liquid and gas where the liquid is pressurized using the compressibility of an inert gas (for example nitrogen). The separator can be a bladder, a diaphragm or a piston. Gas-loaded accumulators have shells, which can consist of cylinders, dished ends and flat plates. Openings are always isolated, located on the axis centre line and positioned at both ends of the accumulator. It is assumed that such vessels are axis-symmetrical 3.1.2 bladder accumulator gas-loaded accumulator consisting of pressure-retaining shell, either spun-forged from seamless tube, hammer-forged from hollow bar or of welded construction, in which the liquid and gas are separated by a flexible bag or bladder normally retained at one end of the shell 3.1.3 diaphragm accumulator gas-loaded accumulator consisting of pressure-retaining shell assembly, in which the construction can either be screwed or welded, with integral ports in which the liquid and gas are separated by a flexible membrane normally retained at its largest diameter to the shell 3.1.4 piston accumulator gas-loaded accumulator consisting of cylinder body and end cap assemblies in which the liquid and gas are separated by a rigid sliding piston 3.1.5 transfer type accumulator gas-loaded accumulator with a port for connecting additional gas capacity from one or more gas bottle(s) 3.1.6 gas bottle inter-connected pressure vessels consisting of body and, depending upon construction, port assemblies used to provide additional gas capacity and communicating with the gas chamber of the accumulator by means of a pipe connection SIST EN 14359:2007+A1:2011
EN 14359:2006+A1:2010 (E) 9 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.2.1 General For the purposes of this document, the following symbols, units and abbreviated terms apply.
Table 3.2-1 — Symbols, characteristics and units Symbol Characteristics Unit e Required thickness of the component, when obtained by direct calculation or the assumed thickness of the component, when obtained by non-direct calculation mm a ea Analysis thickness of the component = en-δe-δm-c mm a en Nominal thickness of the component, as specified on the manufacturing detail drawings mm a c Corrosion allowance mm a δe Absolute value of the negative tolerance taken from the material standard of the component mm a δm=Possible=≥hinning=≤×ring=man×fac≥×ring=process=of=≥he=componen≥=mm=a=N Number of pressure cycles
P0 Pre-charging pressure; the gas pressure in the accumulator when the hydraulic circuit is not under pressure (initial state) at a temperature of
(20 ± 5) °C MPa b P1 Minimum working pressure of the hydraulic circuit MPab P2 Maximum working pressure of the hydraulic circuit MPa b P3 Set pressure of the safety accessory for the accumulator, if one is fitted MPa b PS Maximum allowable pressure, the pressure for which the accumulator has been designed and/or qualified by test MPab PT Test pressure MPa b P2/P0 Allowable pressure ratio below which the accumulator type can be used
ReH Minimum upper yield strength MPa b Rm Minimum tensile strength MPa b Rm/t Minimum tensile strength at design temperature t °C MPa b Rp0,2 Minimum 0,2 % - proof strength MPa b Rp0,2/t Minimum 0,2 % - proof strength at design temperature t °C MPa b Rp1,0 Minimum 1,0 % - proof strength MPa b Rp1,0/t Minimum 1,0 % - proof strength at design temperature t °C MPa b TSmin
Minimum operating temperature of the hydraulic fluid or of the environment, whichever is lower or equal °C TSmax
Maximum operating temperature of the hydraulic fluid or of the environment, whichever is higher or equal °C V Internal v
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