SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013

Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5)

In order to be in compliance with EU Air Quality Directive requirements [1], the reference methods given in the Directive for the measurement of mass concentrations of particulate matter are not commonly used for operation in routine monitoring networks. These networks usually apply automated continuous measurement systems (AMS), such as those based on the use of oscillating microbalances or ß-ray attenuation, and on insitu optical methods. Such AMS are typically capable of producing 24-hour average measurement values over a measurement range up to 1 000 μg/m3 and 1-hour average measurement values up to 10 000 μg/m3, if applicable, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling. The 1-hour average values may be used for:
- direct information of the public;
- aggregation to produce daily or yearly average concentration values for regulatory reporting purposes. EU Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC [1] allows the use of such systems after demonstration of equivalence with the reference method, i.e., after demonstration that these systems meet the Data Quality Objectives for continuous measurements. Guidelines for the demonstration of equivalence are given in Reference [2]. This Technical Specification lays down the minimum performance requirements and test procedures for the selection of appropriate AMS for particulate matter (type approval). This includes the evaluation of its equivalence with the reference method. Further, this Technical Specification describes minimum requirements for ongoing quality assurance – quality control (QA/QC) of AMS deployed in the field. These requirements are necessary to ensure that uncertainties of measured concentrations are kept within the required limits during extended periods of continuous monitoring in the field, and include procedures for maintenance, calibration and control checks. Additional procedures are described that determine whether an instrument’s equivalence to the reference method is maintained through possible pollution climate changes, over periods longer than five years. Lastly, this Technical Specification describes requirements and procedures for the treatment and validation of raw measurement data that are to be used for the assembly of daily or yearly average concentration values. Experiences with existing methods for data treatment and validation – for similar AMS – have learned that the different ways of data treatment and validation applied may lead to significant differences in reported results for similar datasets [3]. When the Technical Specification is used for other purposes than the EU Directive, the range and uncertainty requirements may not apply. This Technical Specification contains information for different groups of users. Clauses 5 and 6 and Annex A contain general information about the principles of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter, and relevant equipment. Clause 7 and Annexes B and C are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform
type-approval testing of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter. These clauses contain information about:
- type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
- system performance requirements;
- evaluation of the type-approval test results;
- evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter based on the type-approval test results. Clauses 8 to 11 are directed towards monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of particulate matter in ambient air. These clauses contain information about:
- initial installation of the system in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
- ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
- verification of equivalence;
- treatment, validation and reporting of measurement results.

Außenluft - Automatische Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration (PM10; PM2,5)

Um den Anforderungen der EU-Luftqualitätsrichtlinie [3] zu entsprechen, werden die dort angeführten Referenzverfahren zur Messung von Massenkonzentrationen von Staub nicht im Allgemeinen beim Betrieb von Messnetzen für die Routineüberwachung angewendet. In diesen Messnetzen werden üblicherweise automatische Messeinrichtungen (AMS) eingesetzt, wie z. B. solche, die auf dem Prinzip der schwingenden Mikrowaage oder Abschwächung von -Strahlen und optischen In-situ-Verfahren (direkten optischen Verfahren) beruhen. Derartige AMS sind üblicherweise in der Lage, 24-Stunden-Mittelwerte der Messwerte über einen Messbereich von bis zu 1 000 µg/m3 und 1-Stunden-Mittelwerte der Messwerte von bis zu 10 000 µg/m3 zu erzeugen, wobei das Luftvolumen das Volumen bei Umgebungsbedingungen in der Nähe des Lufteinlasses zum Zeitpunkt der Probenahme ist.
Die 1-Stunden-Mittelwerte dürfen für Folgendes verwendet werden:
-   direkte Unterrichtung der Öffentlichkeit;
-   Aggregation zur Erzeugung von Tages- oder Jahresmittelwerten der Konzentrationswerte für aufsichtsrechtliche Meldezwecke.
Die EU-Luftqualitätsrichtlinie 2008/50/EG [3] ermöglicht die Anwendung derartiger Messeinrichtungen nach dem Nachweis der Gleichwertigkeit mit dem Referenzverfahren, d. h. nach dem Nachweis, dass diese Messeinrichtungen die Datenqualitätsziele für kontinuierliche Messungen erreichen. Leitlinien zum Nachweis der Gleichwertigkeit sind in Literaturhinweis [4] angeführt.
In der vorliegenden Technischen Spezifikation werden die Mindestleistungsanforderungen an und Prüfverfahren für die Auswahl geeigneter AMS für Staub festgelegt (Eignungsanerkennung). Das schließt die Ermittlung der Gleichwertigkeit mit dem Referenzverfahren ein.
Außerdem werden in dieser Technischen Spezifikation die Mindestanforderungen an die laufende Qualitäts-sicherung/Qualitätskontrolle (QS/QK) von im Feld eingesetzten AMS beschrieben. Diese Anforderungen sind notwendig um sicherzustellen, dass die Unsicherheiten der gemessenen Konzentrationen über einen längeren Zeitraum der kontinuierlichen Überwachung im Feld innerhalb der geforderten Grenzen bleiben; sie schließen Verfahren für Wartung, Kalibrierung und Kontrollprüfungen ein.
Es werden zusätzliche Verfahren beschrieben zur Bestimmung, ob die Gleichwertigkeit des Gerätes mit dem Referenzverfahren trotz möglicher Verschmutzung, Klimaänderung über einen Zeitraum von mehr als fünf Jahren bestehen bleibt.
Schließlich werden in dieser Technischen Spezifikation Anforderungen und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung und Validierung von Rohmessdaten beschrieben, die zur Zusammenstellung von Tages- oder Jahresmittelwerten der Konzentrationswerte zu verwenden sind. Erfahrungen mit bestehenden Verfahren zur Verarbeitung und Validierung von Daten für ähnliche AMS haben gezeigt, dass die verschiedenen angewendeten Weisen der Datenverarbeitung und -validierung bei ähnlichen Datensätzen zu signifikanten Unterschieden bei den im Bericht angeführten Ergebnissen führen können [5].
Wenn die Technische Spezifikation nicht im Anwendungsbereich der EU-Richtlinie angewendet wird, gelten die Anforderungen an die Unsicherheit möglicherweise nicht.
Diese Technische Spezifikation enthält Informationen für verschiedene Nutzergruppen.
Die Abschnitte 5 und 6 und Anhang A enthalten allgemeine Informationen über die Verfahren von automatischen Messeinrichtungen für Staub sowie über entsprechende Ausrüstung.

Air ambiant - Systèmes automatisés de mesurage de la concentration de matière particulaire (PM10; PM2,5)

Pour se conformer aux exigences de la Directive de l'UE sur la qualité de l'air [1], les méthodes de référence données dans la Directive pour le mesurage de la concentration massique de la matière particulaire ne sont pas souvent utilisées dans les réseaux de surveillance. Ces réseaux utilisent en règle générale des systèmes de mesurage continu automatisés (AMS) tels que ceux basés sur l'utilisation de microbalances oscillantes ou l'atténuation du rayonnement bêta et sur des méthodes optiques in situ. Ces AMS sont, de manière typique, capables de produire des valeurs de mesure moyennes sur 24 heures dans une plage allant jusqu'à 1 000 µg/m3 et des valeurs de mesure moyennes sur une heure jusqu'à 10 000 µg/m3, le cas échéant, lorsque le volume d'air est le volume aux conditions ambiantes régnant à proximité de l'orifice d'entrée au moment de l'échantillonnage.
Les valeurs moyennes sur une heure peuvent servir à :
   une information directe du public ;
   une agrégation pour produire des valeurs de concentration moyennes journalières ou annuelles destinées à répondre aux exigences réglementaires de rapportage.
La Directive de l'UE sur la qualité de l'air 2008/50/CE [1] autorise l'utilisation de ces systèmes sous réserve qu'ils aient démontré leur équivalence avec la méthode de référence, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'il est démontré que ces systèmes répondent aux objectifs de qualité des données en matière de mesurage en continu. La Référence [2] donne les lignes directrices relatives à la démonstration de cette équivalence.
La présente Spécification technique stipule les exigences de performance minimales et les modes opératoires d'essai permettant de choisir les AMS adaptés à la matière particulaire (approbation de type). Ceci inclut l'évaluation de leur équivalence à la méthode de référence.
En outre, la présente Spécification technique décrit les exigences minimales en matière d'assurance qualité - contrôle qualité (AQ/CQ) en continu des AMS déployés sur site. Ces exigences sont nécessaires pour garantir que les incertitudes des concentrations mesurées se maintiennent dans les limites requises pendant des périodes prolongées de surveillance continue sur site. Elles comportent des modes opératoires d'entretien, d'étalonnage et de vérification de contrôle.
Il est également procédé à la description de modes opératoires additionnels qui déterminent si l'équivalence d'un instrument par rapport à la méthode de référence est toujours valide en dépit des risques de changements liés à la pollution sur des périodes supérieures à cinq ans.
Enfin, la présente Spécification technique décrit les exigences et les modes opératoires se rapportant au traitement et à la validation des données de mesure brutes, à utiliser pour l'agrégation des valeurs de concentrations moyennes journalières ou annuelles. L'expérience des méthodes existantes, en ce qui concerne le traitement et la validation des données, nous enseigne que, pour des AMS semblables, les différents modes de traitement et de validation des données appliqués peuvent conduire à des différences importantes dans les résultats reportés pour des ensembles de données similaires [3].
Lorsque la présente Spécification technique est utilisée pour répondre à d'autres objectifs que ceux de la Directive UE, les exigences en matière de plage et d'incertitudes peuvent ne pas s'appliquer.
La présente Spécification technique comporte des informations à l'usage de groupes d'utilisateurs différents.
Les Articles 5 et 6, ainsi que l'Annexe A, comportent des informations générales sur les principes de fonctionnement de systèmes de mesurage continu automatisés de la matière particulaire, ainsi que sur l'instrumentation correspondante. ...

Zunanji zrak - Avtomatski merilni sistemi za merjenje koncentracije delcev (PM10; PM2,5)

Da bi bile skladne z zahtevami Evropske direktive o kakovosti zraka [1], se referenčne metode za merjenje masne koncentracije, navedene v Direktivi, pogosto ne uporabljajo v rutinskih mrežah za spremljanje stanja. Te mreže ponavadi uporabljajo avtomatizirane sisteme za neprekinjeno merjenje (AMS), kot so tisti, ki temeljijo na uporabi oscilirajočih mikroravnotežij ali znižanja ravni beta žarkov in optičnih metod na kraju samem. Taki avtomatizirani merilni sistemi ponavadi lahko proizvedejo 24-urne povprečne merilne vrednosti do 1000 μg/m3 in 1-urne merilne vrednosti do 10000 μg/m3, če je potrebno, ko je prostornina zraka prostornina pri sobnih pogojih blizu dovoda v času vzorčenja. 1-urne povprečne vrednosti se lahko uporabi za:
- neposredno obveščanje javnosti,
- združevanje rezultatov za določanje dnevnih ali letnih koncentracij za namene regulativnega poročanja. Evropska direktiva o kakovosti zraka 2008/50/EC [1] dovoljuje uporabo takih sistemov, če je bila dokazana enakovrednost z referenčno metodo, oz. po prikazu, da so ti sistemi skladni s cilji o kakovosti podatkov za neprekinjene meritve. Smernice za dokazovanje enakovrednosti so podane v prilogi [2]. V tej tehnični specifikaciji so navedene minimalne zahteve glede zmogljivosti in preskusni postopki za izbiro primernih avtomatiziranih sistemov za merjenje delcev snovi (homologacija). To vključuje oceno enakovrednosti z referenčno metodo. Ta tehnična specifikacija prav tako opisuje minimalne zahteve za tekoče zagotavljanje kakovosti – nadzor kakovosti (QA/QC) avtomatiziranega sistema na terenu. Te zahteve so potrebne za zagotavljanje, da so merilne negotovosti izmerjenih koncentracij v daljših obdobjih spremljanja na terenu znotraj zahtevanih mej in sistemi vključujejo vzdrževalne postopke, kalibracijo in kontrolne preglede. Opisani so dodatni postopki za zagotavljanje enakovrednosti instrumenta z referenčno metodo v obdobjih, daljših od pet let, zaradi morebitnih podnebnih sprememb, ki nastanejo kot posledica onesnaženja. Nazadnje pa ta tehnična specifikacija opisuje zahteve in postopke za obravnavo in validacijo neobdelanih izmerjenih podatkov, ki se jih bo uporabilo za izdelavo dnevnih ali letnih povprečnih vrednosti koncentracije. Izkušnje z obstoječimi metodami za obdelavo podatkov in validacijo – za podobne avtomatizirane merilne sisteme – so pokazale, da različni načini obdelave podatkov in validacije lahko vodijo do pomembnih razlik v rezultatih pri podobnih naborih podatkov [3]. Če se ta tehnična specifikacija uporablja za druge namene in ne za namene Direktive EU, zahteve glede razponov in negotovosti ne veljajo. Ta tehnična specifikacija vsebuje informacije za različne skupine uporabnikov. Točki 5 in 6 ter Dodatek A vsebujejo splošne informacije o načelih avtomatiziranih sistemov za neprekinjeno merjenje delcev snovi in s tem povezane opreme. Točka 7 in Dodatka B in C so usmerjeni neposredno v laboratorije, kjer opravljajo homologacijske preskuse avtomatiziranih sistemov za merjenje delcev snovi. Te točke vsebujejo informacije o naslednjem:
- pogoji homologacijskega preskusa, preskusni postopki in zahteve;
- zahteve glede učinkovitosti sistema;
- ocena rezultatov homologacijskega preskusa;
- ocena negotovosti rezultatov avtomatiziranih sistemov za neprekinjeno merjenje delcev snovi na podlagi rezultatov homologacijskega preskusa. Osrednji predmet obravnave točk 8 in 11 je spremljanje mrež, ki opravljajo praktične meritve delcev snovi v zunanjem zraku. Te točke vsebujejo informacije o naslednjem:
- začetna namestitev sistema v mreži za spremljanje stanja in preskušanje ustreznosti;
- tekoče zagotavljanje kakovosti/nadzor kakovosti;
- preverjanje enakovrednosti;
- obravnava, validacija in poročanje rezultatov merjenja.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 11-Nov-2013
• Withdrawal Date: 29-May-2017
• ICS: 13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
• Technical Committee: KAZ - Air quality
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 30-May-2017
• Due Date: 22-Jun-2017
• Completion Date: 30-May-2017
• Directive: 1999/30/EC - Limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air
• Mandate: M/EXP - Expected mandates in CPD field.
• Ref Project: CEN/TS 16450:2013 - Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5)

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN 16450:2017 - Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
01-december-2013
Zunanji zrak - Avtomatski merilni sistemi za merjenje koncentracije delcev (PM10;
PM2,5)
Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of
particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5)
Außenluft - Automatische Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration
(PM10; PM2,5)
Air ambiant - Systèmes automatisés de mesurage de la concentration de matière
particulaire (PM10; PM2,5)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16450:2013
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16450

SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
May 2013
ICS 13.040.20
English Version
Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the
measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10;
PM2,5)
Air ambiant - Systèmes automatisés de mesurage de la Außenluft - Automatische Messeinrichtungen zur
concentration de matière particulaire (PM10 ; PM2,5) Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration (PM10; PM2,5)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 6 November 2012 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16450:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .9
5 Principle . 10
6 Sampling . 11
7 Performance criteria and test procedures . 12
8 Field operation and ongoing quality control . 27
9 Data handling, validation and data reports . 33
10 Expression of results . 34
11 Test reports and documentation . 35
Annex A (informative) Examples of principles of AMS for monitoring of particulate matter . 36
Annex B (normative) Orthogonal regression algorithms . 39
Annex C (normative) Performing calibrations of the AMS . 41
Annex D (normative) Elements of type approval report . 42
Annex E (informative) Elements of suitability evaluation report . 44
Annex F (informative) Relationship with EU Directives . 45
Bibliography . 46

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16450:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
1 Scope
In order to be in compliance with EU Air Quality Directive requirements [1], the reference methods given in the
Directive for the measurement of mass concentrations of particulate matter are not commonly used for
operation in routine monitoring networks. These networks usually apply automated continuous measurement
systems (AMS), such as those based on the use of oscillating microbalances or ß-ray attenuation, and on in-
situ optical methods. Such AMS are typically capable of producing 24-hour average measurement values over
3 3
and 1-hour average measurement values up to 10 000 µg/m , if
a measurement range up to 1 000 µg/m
applicable, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling.
The 1-hour average values may be used for:
 direct information of the public;
 aggregation to produce daily or yearly average concentration values for regulatory reporting purposes.
EU Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC [1] allows the use of such systems after demonstration of equivalence
with the reference method, i.e., after demonstration that these systems meet the Data Quality Objectives for
continuous measurements. Guidelines for the demonstration of equivalence are given in Reference [2].
This Technical Specification lays down the minimum performance requirements and test procedures for the
selection of appropriate AMS for particulate matter (type approval). This includes the evaluation of its
equivalence with the reference method.
Further, this Technical Specification describes minimum requirements for ongoing quality assurance – quality
control (QA/QC) of AMS deployed in the field. These requirements are necessary to ensure that uncertainties
of measured concentrations are kept within the required limits during extended periods of continuous
monitoring in the field, and include procedures for maintenance, calibration and control checks.
Additional procedures are described that determine whether an instrument’s equivalence to the reference
method is maintained through possible pollution climate changes, over periods longer than five years.
Lastly, this Technical Specification describes requirements and procedures for the treatment and validation of
raw measurement data that are to be used for the assembly of daily or yearly average concentration values.
Experiences with existing methods for data treatment and validation – for similar AMS – have learned that the
different ways of data treatment and validation applied may lead to significant differences in reported results
for similar datasets [3].
When the Technical Specification is used for other purposes than the EU Directive, the range and uncertainty
requirements may not apply.
This Technical Specification contains information for different groups of users.
Clauses 5 and 6 and Annex A contain general information about the principles of automated continuous
measurement systems for particulate matter, and relevant equipment.
Clause 7 and Annexes B and C are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform
type-approval testing of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter. These clauses
contain information about:
 type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
 system performance requirements;
 evaluation of the type-approval test results;
 evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the automated continuous measurement
systems for particulate matter based on the type-approval test results.
4

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
Clauses 8 to 11 are directed towards monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of
particulate matter in ambient air. These clauses contain information about:
 initial installation of the system in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
 ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
 verification of equivalence;
 treatment, validation and reporting of measurement results.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12341, Air quality — Determination of the PM fraction of suspended particulate matter — Reference
10
method and field test procedure to demonstrate reference equivalence of measurement methods
EN 15267-1, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 1: General principles
EN 15267-2, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 2: Initial assessment of the
AMS manufacturer’s quality management system and post certification surveillance for the manufacturing
process
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ambient air
outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplaces as defined by Directive 89/654/EEC [5] where provisions
concerning health and safety at work apply and to which members of the public do not have regular access
[SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC [1]]
3.2
automated measuring system
AMS
entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices necessary for obtaining a measurement result
3.3
availability of the AMS
fraction of the time period for which valid measuring data of the ambient air concentration is available from an
AMS
[SOURCE: EN 14211 [6]]
5

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
3.4
calibration
operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values
with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with
associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for
obtaining a measurement result from an indication
Note 1 to entry: A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration
curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with
associated measurement uncertainty.
Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called
“self-calibration”, nor with verification of a calibration.
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012 (VIM) [7]]
3.5
combined standard uncertainty
standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a number
of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the variances or
covariances of these other quantities weighted according to how the measurement result varies with changes
in these quantities
[SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 [8]]
3.6
coverage factor
numerical factor used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to obtain an expanded
uncertainty
[SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 [8]]
3.7
data capture
percentage of the time for which the AMS has produced valid data to the time for which the aggregated value
is to be calculated, excluding periods of regular calibration or normal maintenance
[SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC [1]]
3.8
designated body
body which has been designated for a specific task (type approval tests and/or QA/QC activities in the field)
by the competent authority in the Member States
Note 1 to entry: It is recommended that the designated body is accredited for the specific task according to
EN ISO/IEC 17025 [9].
3.9
detection limit
smallest concentration of a measurand that can be reliably detected by a specific measurement process
3.10
equivalent method
method other than the reference method for the measurement of a specified air pollutant meeting the data
quality objectives for fixed measurements specified in the relevant Air Quality Directive [1]
Note 1 to entry: Equivalence is granted for defined (regional) situations within a Member State, but may be granted for
situations encompassing more than one region or Member State.
6

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
3.11
expanded uncertainty
quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large
fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
Note 1 to entry: The fraction may be viewed as the coverage probability or level of confidence of the interval.
Note 2 to entry: To associate a specific level of confidence with the interval defined by the expanded uncertainty
requires explicit or implicit assumptions regarding the probability distribution characterised by the measurement result and
its combined standard uncertainty. The level of confidence that may be attributed to this interval can be known only to the
extent to which such assumptions may be justified.
[SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 [8]]
3.12
influence quantity
quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement
[SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 [8]]
3.13
interferent
component of the air sample, excluding the measured constituent, that affects the output signal
3.14
limit value
level fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects
on human health and/or the environment as a whole, to be attained within a given period and not to be
exceeded once attained
[SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC [1]]
3.15
monitoring station
enclosure located in the field in which an AMS has been installed to measure particulate matter in such a way
that its performance and operation comply with the prescribed requirements
3.16
parallel measurement
measurement from measuring systems, sampling from the same air over the same time period
3.17
performance characteristic
one of the parameters assigned to an AMS in order to define its performance
3.18
performance criterion
limiting quantitative numerical value assigned to a performance characteristic, to which conformance is tested
3.19
period of unattended operation
time period over which the drift is within the performance criterion for long term drift
7

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
3.20
PM
x
particulate matter suspended in air which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at
x µm aerodynamic diameter
Note 1 to entry: By convention, the size-selective standard inlet designs prescribed in EN 12341 – used at the
prescribed flow rates – possess the required characteristics to sample the relevant PM fraction suspended in ambient air.
Note 2 to entry: The efficiency of the size selectiveness of other inlets used may have a significant effect on the
fraction of PM surrounding the cut-off, and, consequently on the mass concentration of PM determined.
x
3.21
reference method
RM
measurement method(ology) which, by convention, gives the accepted reference value of the measurand
3.22
sampled air
ambient air that has been sampled through the sampling inlet and sampling system
3.23
sampling inlet
entrance to the sampling system where ambient air is collected from the atmosphere
3.24
standard uncertainty
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
[SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 [8]]
3.25
surrounding temperature
temperature of the air directly surrounding the AMS (temperature inside the monitoring station or laboratory)
3.26
time coverage
percentage of the reference period of the relevant limit value for which valid data for aggregation have been
collected
3.27
type approval
decision taken by a designated body that the pattern of an AMS conforms to the requirements as laid down in
this document
3.28
type approval test
examination of two or more AMS of the same pattern which are submitted by a manufacturer to a designated
body including the tests necessary for approval of the pattern
3.29
uncertainty (of measurement)
parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterises the dispersion of the values that
could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
[SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 [8]]
3.30
zero air
3
air containing particulate matter at a level ≤ 1,0 µg/m
8

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply:
a, c intercept of orthogonal regression of results of AMS vs. reference results
A availability of the AMS
b, d slope of orthogonal regression of results of AMS vs. reference results
k coverage factor
∆P pressure difference determined for the time interval ∆t (leak test)
P pressure at t=0 (leak test)
0
Ts is the surrounding air temperature
T is the surrounding air temperature at the laboratory
s,lab
∆t time interval needed for the pressure rise (leak test)
t  time during which valid data have been collected (field test)
valid
tcal,maint time spent for scheduled calibrations and maintenance (field test)
t total duration of the field test
field
VL volume leak rate (leak test)
V estimated total volume of the system (dead volume)
sys
u standard uncertainty
u uncertainty of the intercept of the regression formula
a
u uncertainty of the slope of the regression formula
b
u between-AMS uncertainty
bs
u random uncertainty of reference method results
RM
w relative uncertainty
W expanded relative uncertainty
x individual measurement result of AMS
i
y individual reference measurement result
i

AMS Automated Measuring System
EU European Union
GDE Guide to the Demonstration of Equivalence of Ambient Air Monitoring Methods
GUM Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
LOD Limit of Detection
PM Particulate Matter
QA/QC Quality Assurance / Quality Control
RM Reference Method(ology)
RSS Residual Sum of Squares
9

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
5 Principle
5.1 General
A number of measuring principles may be used to measure the mass concentration of particulate matter in
ambient air. This Technical Specification is not limited to the application of a single system for the automated
continuous measurement. In general (but not necessarily), the measuring system will consist of:
 a size-selective inlet for PM or PM (when using an optical system for size classification of particulate
10 2,5
matter a size-selective inlet is not required);
 a sample tube of a length needed to meet the specific sampling height requirements given in
Reference [1];
 a measuring section;
 a vacuum pump;
 flow meters;
 temperature and pressure sensors;
 hardware and software for data collection, storage and calculation of measurement results.
Auxiliary equipment may include:
 sample tube heaters;
 systems for (partial) drying of the sampled air;
 humidity sensors;
 hardware/software for performing compensation measurements, i.e., measurements to compensate for
unwanted effects of interferents or random variations in the PM mass determination.
5.2 Measuring principles
A number of measuring principles is currently applied in routine monitoring practice. Descriptions of the most
common principles – which do not preclude other principles – are given in Annex A.
5.3 Type approval
The type approval of an AMS according to Clause 7 and subsequent QA/QC and verification procedures
according to Clause 8 provide evidence that the defined requirements concerning data quality laid out in
relevant EU Directives can be satisfied. The AMS manufacturer should fulfil the requirements laid down in
EN 15267-1 and EN 15267-2. A designated body should perform the type approval tests. The type approval
should be awarded by or on behalf of the national competent authority of a Member State.
The type approval test is based on the evaluation of performance characteristics determined under a
prescribed series of tests. In this Technical Specification test procedures are described for the determination
of the actual values of the performance characteristics for at least two AMS in a laboratory and the same two
AMS in the field. The evaluation for type approval of an AMS includes the calculation of the expanded
uncertainty of the measuring result based on the numerical values of the tested performance characteristics
and comparison with a prescribed maximum uncertainty.
10

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
Appropriate experimental evidence should be provided by
 type approval tests performed under conditions of intended use of the specified method of measurement,
and
 calculation of expanded uncertainty of results of measurement.
5.4 Suitability testing
Before putting a type-approved AMS in to operation, the body responsible for the field operation should test its
suitability for the specific field conditions by performing suitability tests at a minimum of two locations
representative for these conditions.
5.5 Field operation and quality control
After the initial installation of the approved AMS at the monitoring station its correct functioning should be
tested.
Requirements for quality assurance and quality control are given for the operation and maintenance of the
AMS, to ensure that the uncertainty of subsequent measurement results obtained in the field is not
compromised.
5.6 Data handling and validation
Practical experience with existing methods for data handling and validation – for similar AMS – has shown that
the different ways of data treatment and validation applied may lead to significant differences in reported
results for similar datasets [3].
Hence, requirements and recommendations are given for the treatment and validation of raw measurement
data collected by the AMS.
6 Sampling
6.1 General
Conditions and layout of the sampling equipment will contribute to the uncertainty of the measurement; to
minimise this contribution to the measurement uncertainty, performance criteria for the sampling equipment
are given in the following subclauses.
NOTE In Annex A examples of equipment are schematically presented.
6.2 Sampling location
The location where the ambient air should be sampled and analysed is not specified as this depends strongly
on the category of a monitoring station (such as measurements in e.g. a traffic or urban background area).
NOTE For guidance on sampling points on a micro scale, cf. Reference [1].
6.3 Sample inlet and sampling line
Each AMS is equipped with its own sample inlet and sampling line. Sampling inlets may be – but not
necessarily are – size-selective inlets for PM or PM .
10 2,5
NOTE Examples of designs of size-selective inlets for PM or PM can be found in EN 12341.
10 2,5
The sample inlet and sampling line should be made of an inert, non-corroding, electrically conducting material,
preferably stainless steel, or anodised aluminium or aluminium alloy. The inlet should be constructed in such a
way that ingress of rainwater into the sampling line (or system) is prevented.
11

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------

SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E)
The construction of the sampling line should be such that deposition losses of particulate matter by kinetic
processes as well as losses due to thermal, chemical or electrostatic processes are minimised. Contact of the
sampled air with cold surfaces may cause condensation and should be avoided. If heating of surfaces is
applied, the instrument should be tested with this facility in operation as part of the type approval.
The flow velocity in the sampling line should be such that significant losses of particulate matter due to
diffusion or turbulent inertial impaction are minimised.
6.4 Control and regulation of sample flow rate
Correct operation of the AMS requires calibration and control of sampling flow rate, and measurement of
ambient temperature and pressure.
The sample flow rate into the AMS should be maintained within the specifications of the manufacturer of the
AMS.
6.5 Expression of concentrations
Results should be reported in units of mass per unit volume expressed at ambient conditions. The air
temperature needed for the conversion to ambient conditions should be measured close to the sampling inlet.
The air pressure needed for the conversion should be obtained from on-site measurements, or from
measurements at a representative meteorological site nearby.
When using data from meteorology sites care should be taken to convert these to the correct altitude of the
sampling site, if relevant.
It is essential that any conversion to ambient conditions is clearly and unambiguously identified by the
manufacturer. The manufacturer should inform the test laboratory or test house whether any built-in
corrections are applied. Where no internal corrections are applied, the manufacturer should provide the test
laboratory or test house with any algorithms that are required for the conversion of the AMS readings to
different temperatures and/or pressures.
7 Performance criteria and test procedures
7.1 Performance requirements
This test programme describes a procedure, as part of the type approval, for determining whether an AMS is
suitable to be considered equivalent to the EU Reference Methods for the measurement of particulate matter
in ambient air. The reference methods have been developed to meet the Data Quality Objectives of
Reference [1]. Tested AMS will have to meet these requirements. This test programme is suitable to evaluate
AMS for monitoring different fractions – PM or PM – of suspended particulate matter in ambient air.
10 2,5
This process of evaluation of the values of the performance characteristics comprises (limited) laboratory and
field tests, and the calculation of the expanded uncertainty. At least two AMS of a single type should be
included in the full test programme. All are required to pass all the tests.
The manufacturer applying for the type approval should fulfil the requirements laid down in EN 15267-1 and
EN 15267-2. A designated body should perform the type approval tests. The type approval should be awarded
by or on behalf of the competent authority. The designated body (test laboratory) for the type approval test is
accredited for these activities according to EN ISO/IEC 17025 [9].
7.2 Relevant performance characteristics and performance criteria
The performance characteristics which should be determined during a laboratory and field test, and their
related performance criteria, are given in Table 1.
12

---------
...