SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2018

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-3: Explanation and justification of 15316-3, Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6

This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15316-6-3) specifies details for EN 15316-3 and gives additional information for the application of EN 15316-3.

Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-3: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-3 (Wärmeverteilungssysteme für die Raumheizung (Trinkwarmwasser, Heizen und Kühlen))

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de l’EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5

Le présent Rapport technique fait référence à l’EN 15316 3, modules Systèmes de distribution des locaux, Module M3-6 chauffage/M4-6 refroidissement/M8-6 eau chaude sanitaire.
Il contient des informations permettant d’assurer une compréhension, une utilisation et une adaptation nationale correctes de la norme EN 15316 3.

Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 6-3. del: Razlaga in utemeljitev EN 15316-3 - Moduli M3-6, M4-6 in M8-6

To tehnično poročilo (CEN/TR 15316-6-3) določa podrobnosti za standard EN 15316-3 in podaja dodatne informacije za uporabo standarda EN 15316-3.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 09-Jan-2017
• Publication Date: 17-Apr-2018
• ICS: 91.140.10 - Central heating systems
• ICS: 91.140.65 - Water heating equipment
• Technical Committee: OGS - Heating for buildings
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 05-Apr-2018
• Due Date: 10-Jun-2018
• Completion Date: 18-Apr-2018
• Directive: 2010/31/EU - Directive 2010/31/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
• Mandate: M/480 - Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy performance buildings (2010/31/EU)
• Ref Project: CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017 - Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-3: Explanation and justification of 15316-3, Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2018
01-maj-2018
(QHUJLMVNHODVWQRVWLVWDYE0HWRGD]DL]UDþXQHQHUJLMVNLK]DKWHYLQXþLQNRYLWRVWL
VLVWHPDGHO5D]ODJDLQXWHPHOMLWHY(10RGXOL00LQ0
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 6-3: Explanation and justification of 15316-3, Module M3-
6, M4-6, M8-6
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-3:
Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-3 (Wärmeverteilungssysteme für die Raumheizung
(Trinkwarmwasser, Heizen und Kühlen))
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques
et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de l’EN 15316-
2, Module M3-5, M4-5
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017
ICS:
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
91.140.65 Oprema za ogrevanje vode Water heating equipment
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2018

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2018


CEN/TR 15316-6-3
TECHNICAL REPORT

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

April 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10; 91.140.30; 91.140.65
English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 6-3: Explanation and justification of 15316-3, Module
M3-6, M4-6, M8-6
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der
l'EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5 Anlagen - Teil 6-3: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-3
(Wärmeverteilungssysteme für die Raumheizung
(Trinkwarmwasser, Heizen und Kühlen))


This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
228.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
4.1 Symbols . 6
4.2 Subscripts . 7
5 Information on the methods . 7
6 Method description . 8
6.1 Thermal loss calculation and auxiliary energy in distribution systems . 8
6.1.1 Basic principles . 8
6.1.2 Ribbon heater in DHW distribution systems . 12
6.1.3 Auxiliary energy calculation . 12
6.1.4 Recoverable and recovered auxiliary energy . 16
6.1.5 Calculation of linear thermal resistance . 17
6.1.6 Time steps . 18
6.1.7 Assumptions . 18
6.1.8 Data input . 18
6.1.9 Simplified input . 18
7 Input correlations to the length of pipes in zones (buildings) . 19
7.1 Introduction . 19
7.2 Network for space heating and space cooling systems . 19
7.2.1 Sections . 19
7.2.2 Input data to the correlation . 20
7.2.3 Correlations. 20
7.2.4 Boundary conditions . 21
7.3 Network for domestic hot water systems . 21
7.3.1 Sections . 21
7.3.2 Input data to the correlation . 22
7.3.3 Correlations. 22
7.3.4 Boundary conditions . 23
8 Input correlations to linear thermal transmittance of pipes in zones (buildings) . 23
8.1 Introduction . 23
8.2 Network for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water systems . 24
8.2.1 Sections . 24
8.2.2 Correlations. 24
9 Input correlations to constants for distribution pumps . 25
9.1 Introduction . 25
9.2 Constants for the calculation of the expenditure energy factor of distribution pumps . 25
10 Input correlations to additional resistances and resistance ratio . 26
10.1 Introduction . 26
10.2 Network for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water systems . 26
2

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CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017 (E)
10.2.1 Correlations for pressure loss per length . 26
10.2.2 Correlations for resistance ratio . 26
10.2.3 Correlations additional resistances . 27
10.2.4 Input correlations factor for recoverable auxiliary energy . 27
11 Worked out examples - Calculation details . 27
12 Application range . 27
12.1 Energy performance . 27
12.1.1 Thermal expenditure energy factor. 27
12.1.2 Primary energy related expenditure energy factor . 28
12.2 Energy certificate . 28
12.3 Inspection . 28
12.4 Building or system complexity . 28
13 Regulation use . 28
14 Quality issues . 28
Annex A (informative) Calculation example . 29
Annex B (informative) Data catalogue example . 39
Bibliography . 40

3

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European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
4

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Introduction
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB
standards [1];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of
EPB-standards [2];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, EN ISO 52000-1 [3].
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the
background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail
to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made
available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB
standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [2]):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content;
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard; and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [5] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
5

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1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to standard EN 15316-3, modules Space Distribution Systems Module M3-
6 heating / M4-6 cooling / M8-6 domestic hot water
It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of standard
EN 15316-3.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15316-3, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and
system efficiencies - Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and cooling), Module M3-6, M4-6,
M8-6
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and the following apply.
3.1
tapping profile
depending on the definition in M8-3
3.2
setback
operation Mode for pumps at the end of scheduled usage time
3.3
boost
operation Mode for pumps before the begin of scheduled usage time
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the symbols given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017, in EN 15316-3
(the accompanied EPB standard) and the specific symbols listed in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Specific symbols and units
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
n Tapping profile 1/h
Tap
6

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4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this Technical Report, subscripts given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017, in EN 15316-3 and
the specific subscripts listed in Table 2 apply.
Table 2 — Specific Subscripts
boost Boost heating dis Distribution W Operation mode
X,dis,aux
setb Setback mode dis Distribution W Operation mode
X,dis,aux
nom nominal heat loss dis Distribution Q
w,dis,nom
stub open circuited stubs dis Distribution Q
W,dis,stub
5 Information on the methods
The calculation of the thermal losses of pipes is well known and is used in this standard as a simplified
model without any dynamic aspects like heat capacity of the pipes und changing of transfer coefficients.
It is always taken into account that within a time step the heat flux from the mean water temperature in
the pipe to the surrounding room is constant.
In closed circuits like for space heating and space cooling the mean supply and mean return
temperature within a time step is constant.
In open circuits like in domestic hot water systems with a circulation loop the open circuited stubs the
temperature drops down depending on the time after a tapping. The calculation method in this
standard allows calculating the temperature after the last tapping and then a mean temperature in this
period without tapping. Because of the problem that the time after a tapping is mostly not known the
calculation method in this standard allows calculating the mean temperature directly as an
approximation depending on the thermal linear resistance.
In domestic hot water systems without a circulation loop the thermal loss of the hot water pipes in total
can be calculated like open circuited stubs either with the detailed calculation of the temperature after
the last tapping or with the approximation of the mean temperature depending on the thermal linear
resistance.
As long as the tapping profile only gives the number of tapping’s per day it is not possible to determine
the time after the last tapping. Therefore the approximation should prefer.
The calculation of the thermal resistance for insulated or not insulated pipes is well known and is given
in this standard for the most relevant cases. Depending on national regulations often minimum values
of thermal resistances are postulated so that in the standard values for the most relevant cases in the
pipe sections are given.
The equations in the standard refer to the length of the pipes in the corresponding section of the
network. If the length of the pipes is known the calculations are directly possible. In an early design
stage or in existing buildings the length of pipes is not known. Therefore is a method in the standard
developed where the length of pipes can be calculated depending on the size of the corresponding zone
(building).
The auxiliary energy in distribution systems for space heating or space cooling corresponds to the
circulation pumps. In distribution systems for domestic hot water the auxiliary energy is either the
energy for the circulation pump or for a ribbon heater.
The auxiliary energy for pumps depends very much from the part load operation. Europump, the
European Association of Pump Manufacturers, has established a common method to calculate the
expenditure energy for distribution pumps, so that this method is used in this standard. Meanwhile a
product label EEI (energy efficiency index) according to the EU regulations is available (not for all kind
7

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CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017 (E)
of pumps – only for circulation pumps (wet running meter) in the range of 1 W to 2 500 W of hydraulic
power). If this EEI of a real pump is known in the standard a method is developed to take it into
account.
6 Method description
6.1 Thermal loss calculation and auxiliary energy in distribution systems
6.1.1 Basic principles
The input data are the actual input and output temperatures of the circuit as well as the volume flow
and the part load in the time step of calculation. The increasing fluid temperature in the circuit is not
calculates in this module.
The thermal loss of a pipe and the relevant values in a pipe section j are shown in Figure 1.

Key
1 Qdiss,ls 4 θmean
2 θamb 3 - Ψ
5 L 6 Pipe j
Figure 1 — Thermal loss of a pipe and relevant values
The thermal loss in a distribution system is calculated by the basic equation which for a pipe section
and a time step is given by:
1
Q ⋅⋅Ψθ − θ ⋅ LL+ ⋅ t [kWh] (1)
( )
( )
dis,ls mean amb equi c
1000
where
θ [°C] is the surrounding temperature in the zone
amb
L [m] is the length of the pipe in the zone (unconditioned or conditioned)
Lequi [m] is the equivalent Length of the pipe for valves, hangers etc. in the zone
(unconditioned or conditioned)
t [h] is the time step
c
8
=

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CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017 (E)
Ψ [W/mK] is the linear thermal resistance
In the standard the basic Formula (1) is only adapted to the different boundary conditions and also
completed with the summation over the different parts of the network where the boundary conditions
are constant (i.e. constant surrounding temperature, constant linear thermal resistance). Also a
summation over all time steps is added.
In distribution systems with closed loops for space heating and space cooling (see Figure 2) the mean
water temperature is represented by the mean value of the supply and return temperature and given
by:
θθ+
in out
θ = [°C] (2)
mean
2

Key
1 Emitter 6 W
X,dis,aux
2 θX,em,in 7 Δp

3 θX,em,out 8
V
4 QX,dis,ls 9 Generator / Storage Tank
5 L
max
Figure 2 — Distribution system for space heating or space cooling systems – closed loop (Index X
for H = heating; C = cooling)
In distribution systems for DHW with a circulation loop (see Figure 3) the mean water temperature is
given by:
∆θ
W
θθ − [°C] (3)
mean W
2
where
θ [°C] is the hot water temperature
W
9
=

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∆θ [°C] is the temperature difference between hot water tapping temperature to the
W
return temperature in a circulation loop system

Key
1 θ 8 L
W max
2 θW,avg 9 WW,dis,aux
3 θW,atap 10 Δp
4 Q 11 
W,dis,stub
V
5 θ 12 θ
W W
6 Tap 13 θW - ΔθW
7 QW,diss,ls 14 Generator / Storage Tank
Figure 3 — Distribution system for DHW with circulation loop
The thermal loss of the circulation loop in a DHW system is similar to the distribution system for space
heating or space cooling as long the circulation loop is operating. The calculation of the thermal loss in
the circulation loop when the circulation is not operating is just similar. Only the mean water
temperature depends on the time after the last operation of the circulation. An additional thermal loss
for the open circuited stubs is given (see Figure 3) in the time when it is operating and in the time when
there is no tapping because the temperature drops down depending on the time after a the last tapping.
If the number of tapping’s and the volume of water within the pipes in the open circuited stubs are
known the mass flow can be calculated and under the assumption that between the tapping’s the hot
water temperature drops down to the surrounding temperature the thermal loss can be calculated by:
10

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2018
CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017 (E)
The mass flow of hot water in open circuited stubs mw,dis,stub during operation is given by:

m Vn⋅⋅ρ
W,,dis stub j W tap, j
∑
j
[kg/h] (4)
where
3
V [m ] is the volume of pipes in open circuited stubs per zone
3
ρ [kg/m ] is the density of water
W
ntap,j [1/h] is the number of tapings per zone
The additional thermal loss for distribution pipes with open circuited stubs Q per time step is
W,dis,stub
given by:

Q mc⋅⋅ θθ− ⋅ t
( )
Wd,,is stub Wd,,is stub w W Wa, mb, j ci
[kWh] (5)
where
c [kWh/kgK] is the specific heat of water
W
m [kg/h] is the mass flow of hot water in open circuited stubs
W,dis,stub
If the time after the last tapping or the last circulation in circulation loops is known it is possible to
calculate the temperature after the last tapping. In addition the heat capacity of the pipes and the heat
flow rate per length shall be known respectively shall be calculated.
The hot water temperature after a tapping during a time without operation θ is given by:
W,dis,atap
−C
i
θ θ +−θθ ⋅ e [°C] (6)
( )
W,dis,atap,i W,,ah j W W,amb, j
where
C [-] is the exponent in pipe section i (see Formula (13)
i
The exponent C for the calculation of the temperature drop after a tapping is given by:
i
q ⋅ Lt⋅
1
i i atap
C ⋅ (7)
i
c ⋅ ρ ⋅+V cm⋅
θθ−
W W i p pi,
( )
W W,,amb i
where
3
V [m ] is the volume of pipes in section i
3
c [kg/m ] is the specific heat of pipe
P
m [kg] is the mass of pipe in section i
P
t [h] is the time after a tapping before next tapping
atap
q [W/m] is the heat flow rate per length (see Formula (8)
i
The heat flow per length is given by:
[W/m] (8)
q=Ψθ⋅ − θ
( )
i i W W,,amb j
11
=
=
=
=

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2018
CEN/TR 15316-6-3:2017 (E)
By knowing the temperature after a tapping the thermal loss of the open circuited stubs can be
calculated by Formula (1) using the mean temperature during the time of the last tapping and the start
of the next tapping. This mean temperature is given by:
θθ+
W W,,dis atap
θ = [°C] (9)
W,avg
2
The same calculation method can be used for domestic hot water systems without a circulation circuit.
In this case the pipe length is the total length of the pipes from the generator to the tap.
1
Q ⋅Ψ⋅ ϑ − ϑ ⋅+LL ⋅ t [kWh] (10)
( ) ( )
W,,dis nom j W,avg W,amb, j equi ci
j
1000
If the tapping profile don’t give the information about the time after the last tapping and also the
dimension of the pipes aren’t known an approximation of the mean temperature in hot water pipes (see
Figure 3) without circulation is given by:
−0,2
θ θΨ25⋅ [°C] (11)
W,,em mean W,avg
With this approximation Formula (1) resp. (10) can directly be used.
The equations in the standard refer to the length of the pipes in the corresponding section of the
network. If the length of the pipes is known the calculations are directly possible. In an early design
stage or in existing buildings the length of pipes is not known. Therefore a method in the standard is
developed as an example where the length of pipes can be calculated depending on the size of the
corresponding zone (building).
The total thermal loss in a DHW distribution system in total (see Figure 3) is given by:
— Heat loss of circulation system during operation Q + heat loss of circulation system without
W,dis,ls
operation Q + thermal loss for distribution pipes with open circuited stubs Q
w,dis,nom W,dis,stub
 [kWh] (12)
Q =Q ++Q Q
W,,dis ls,total W,,dis ls W,,dis nom W,,dis stub
6.1.2 Ribbon heater in DHW distribution systems
In domestic hot water systems sometimes the thermal losses of the pipes are compensated by a ribbon
heater. In this cases the auxiliary energy demand for a ribbon heater W is given by:
W,dis,rib
[kWh] (13)
WQ=
W,,dis rib W,,dis
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3:2016
01-december-2016
[Not translated]
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 6-3: Explanation and justification of 15316-3, Module M3-
6, M4-6, M8-6
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-3:
Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-3 (Wärmeverteilungssysteme für die Raumheizung
(Trinkwarmwasser, Heizen und Kühlen))
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3
ICS:
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
91.140.30 3UH]UDþHYDOQLLQNOLPDWVNL Ventilation and air-
VLVWHPL conditioning systems
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3:2016

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3:2016


FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHER BERICHT

November 2016
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10; 91.140.30; 91.140.65
English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 6-3: Explanation and justification of 15316-3, Module
M3-6, M4-6, M8-6
 Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der
Anlagen - Teil 6-3: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-3
(Wärmeverteilungssysteme für die Raumheizung
(Trinkwarmwasser, Heizen und Kühlen))


This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
228.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
4.1 Symbols . 6
4.2 Subscripts . 7
5 Information on the methods . 7
6 Method description . 8
6.1 Thermal loss calculation and auxiliary energy in distribution systems . 8
6.1.1 Basic principles . 8
6.1.2 Ribbon heater in DHW distribution systems . 12
6.1.3 Auxiliary energy calculation . 12
6.1.4 Recoverable and recovered auxiliary energy . 16
6.1.5 Calculation of linear thermal resistance . 17
6.1.6 Time steps . 18
6.1.7 Assumptions . 18
6.1.8 Data input . 18
6.1.9 Simplified input . 18
7 Input correlations to the length of pipes in zones (buildings) . 19
7.1 Introduction . 19
7.2 Network for space heating and space cooling systems . 19
7.2.1 Sections . 19
7.2.2 Input data to the correlation . 20
7.2.3 Correlations. 20
7.2.4 Boundary conditions . 21
7.3 Network for domestic hot water systems . 21
7.3.1 Sections . 21
7.3.2 Input data to the correlation . 22
7.3.3 Correlations. 22
7.3.4 Boundary conditions . 23
8 Input correlations to linear thermal transmittance of pipes in zones (buildings) . 23
8.1 Introduction . 23
8.2 Network for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water systems . 24
8.2.1 Sections . 24
8.2.2 Correlations. 24
9 Input correlations to constants for distribution pumps . 25
9.1 Introduction . 25
9.2 Constants for the calculation of the expenditure energy factor of distribution pumps . 25
10 Input correlations to additional resistances and resistance ratio . 26
10.1 Introduction . 26
10.2 Network for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water systems . 26
2

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10.2.1 Correlations for pressure loss per length . 26
10.2.2 Correlations for resistance ratio . 26
10.2.3 Correlations additional resistances . 27
10.2.4 Input correlations factor for recoverable auxiliary energy . 27
11 Worked out examples - Calculation details . 27
12 Application range . 27
12.1 Energy performance . 27
12.1.1 Thermal expenditure energy factor. 27
12.1.2 Primary energy related expenditure energy factor . 28
12.2 Energy certificate . 28
12.3 Inspection . 28
12.4 Building or system complexity . 28
13 Regulation use . 28
14 Quality issues . 28
Annex A (informative) Calculation example . 29
Annex B (informative) Data catalogue example . 39
Bibliography . 40
3

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European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 15316-6-3:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the vote on TR.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association
4

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Introduction
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB
standards [1];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of
EPB-standards [2];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, prEN ISO 52000-1 [3].
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the
background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail
to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made
available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB
standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [2]):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content;
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard; and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [5] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to standard EN 15316-3-1, modules Space Distribution Systems Module
M3-6 heating / M4-6 cooling / M8-6 domestic hot water
It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of standard
EN 15316-3-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15316-3-1:2007, Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping
requirements)
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures (ISO/FDIS 52000-1:2016)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and the following apply.
3.1
tapping profile
depending on the definition in M8-3
3.2
setback
operation Mode for pumps at the end of scheduled usage time
3.3
boost
operation Mode for pumps before the begin of scheduled usage time
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the symbols given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, in EN 15316-3-
1 (the accompanied EPB standard) and the specific symbols listed in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Specific symbols and units
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
n Tapping profile 1/h
Tap
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4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this Technical Report, subscripts given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, in EN 15316-3-1
and the specific subscripts listed in Table 2 apply.
Table 2 — Specific Subscripts
boost Boost heating dis Distribution W Operation mode
X,dis,aux
setb Setback mode dis Distribution W Operation mode
X,dis,aux
nom nominal heat loss dis Distribution Q
w,dis,nom
stub open circuited stubs dis Distribution Q
W,dis,stub
5 Information on the methods
The calculation of the thermal losses of pipes is well known and is used in this standard as a simplified
model without any dynamic aspects like heat capacity of the pipes und changing of transfer coefficients.
It is always taken into account that within a time step the heat flux from the mean water temperature in
the pipe to the surrounding room is constant.
In closed circuits like for space heating and space cooling the mean supply and mean return
temperature within a time step is constant.
In open circuits like in domestic hot water systems with a circulation loop the open circuited stubs the
temperature drops down depending on the time after a tapping. The calculation method in this
standard allows calculating the temperature after the last tapping and then a mean temperature in this
period without tapping. Because of the problem that the time after a tapping is mostly not known the
calculation method in this standard allows calculating the mean temperature directly as an
approximation depending on the thermal linear resistance.
In domestic hot water systems without a circulation loop the thermal loss of the hot water pipes in total
can be calculated like open circuited stubs either with the detailed calculation of the temperature after
the last tapping or with the approximation of the mean temperature depending on the thermal linear
resistance.
As long as the tapping profile only gives the number of tapping’s per day it is not possible to determine
the time after the last tapping. Therefore the approximation should prefer.
The calculation of the thermal resistance for insulated or not insulated pipes is well known and is given
in this standard for the most relevant cases. Depending on national regulations often minimum values
of thermal resistances are postulated so that in the standard values for the most relevant cases in the
pipe sections are given.
The equations in the standard refer to the length of the pipes in the corresponding section of the
network. If the length of the pipes is known the calculations are directly possible. In an early design
stage or in existing buildings the length of pipes is not known. Therefore is a method in the standard
developed where the length of pipes can be calculated depending on the size of the corresponding zone
(building).
The auxiliary energy in distribution systems for space heating or space cooling corresponds to the
circulation pumps. In distribution systems for domestic hot water the auxiliary energy is either the
energy for the circulation pump or for a ribbon heater.
The auxiliary energy for pumps depends very much from the part load operation. Europump, the
European Association of Pump Manufacturers, has established a common method to calculate the
expenditure energy for distribution pumps, so that this method is used in this standard. Meanwhile a
product label EEI (energy efficiency index) according to the EU regulations is available (not for all kind
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of pumps – only for circulation pumps (wet running meter) in the range of 1 W to 2 500 W of hydraulic
power). If this EEI of a real pump is known in the standard a method is developed to take it into
account.
6 Method description
6.1 Thermal loss calculation and auxiliary energy in distribution systems
6.1.1 Basic principles
The input data are the actual input and output temperatures of the circuit as well as the volume flow
and the part load in the time step of calculation. The increasing fluid temperature in the circuit is not
calculates in this module.
The thermal loss of a pipe and the relevant values in a pipe section j are shown in Figure 1.

Key
1 Q 4 θ
diss,ls mean
2  θ 3 - Ψ
amb
5  L 6 Pipe j
Figure 1 — Thermal loss of a pipe and relevant values
The thermal loss in a distribution system is calculated by the basic equation which for a pipe section
and a time step is given by:
1
Q ⋅⋅Ψθ − θ ⋅ LL+ ⋅ t [kWh] (1)
( )
( )
dis)ls mean amb equi c
1000
where
θ [°C] is the surrounding temperature in the zone
amb
L [m] is the length of the pipe in the zone (unconditioned or conditioned)
Lequi [m] is the equivalent Length of the pipe for valves, hangers etc. in the zone
(unconditioned or conditioned)
t [h] is the time step
c
8
=

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Ψ [W/mK] is the linear thermal resistance
In the standard the basic Formula (1) is only adapted to the different boundary conditions and also
completed with the summation over the different parts of the network where the boundary conditions
are constant (i.e. constant surrounding temperature, constant linear thermal resistance). Also a
summation over all time steps is added.
In distribution systems with closed loops for space heating and space cooling (see Figure 2) the mean
water temperature is represented by the mean value of the supply and return temperature and given
by:
θθ+
in out
θ = [°C] (2)
mean
2

Key
1 Emitter 6 W
X,dis,aux
2 θ 7 Δp
X,em,in

3 θ 8
X,em,out
V
4 Q 9 Generator / Storage Tank
X,dis,ls
5 L
max
Figure 2 — Distribution system for space heating or space cooling systems – closed loop (Index X
for H = heating; C = cooling)
In distribution systems for DHW with a circulation loop (see Figure 3) the mean water temperature is
given by:
∆θ
W
θθ − [°C] (3)
mean W
2
where
θ [°C] is the hot water temperature
W
9
=

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∆θ [°C] is the temperature difference between hot water tapping temperature to the
W
return temperature in a circulation loop system

Key
1 θ 8 L
W max
2 θW,avg 9 WW,dis,aux
3 θ 10 Δp
W,atap
4 Q 11 
W,dis,stub
V
5 θ 12 θ
W W
6 Tap 13 θ - Δθ
W W
7 Q 14 Generator / Storage Tank
W,diss,ls
Figure 3 — Distribution system for DHW with circulation loop
The thermal loss of the circulation loop in a DHW system is similar to the distribution system for space
heating or space cooling as long the circulation loop is operating. The calculation of the thermal loss in
the circulation loop when the circulation is not operating is just similar. Only the mean water
temperature depends on the time after the last operation of the circulation. An additional thermal loss
for the open circuited stubs is given (see Figure 3) in the time when it is operating and in the time when
there is no tapping because the temperature drops down depending on the time after a the last tapping.
If the number of tapping’s and the volume of water within the pipes in the open circuited stubs are
known the mass flow can be calculated and under the assumption that between the tapping’s the hot
water temperature drops down to the surrounding temperature the thermal loss can be calculated by:
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The mass flow of hot water in open circuited stubs mw,dis,stub during operation is given by:

m Vn⋅⋅ρ
W))dis stub j W tap) j
∑
j
[kg/h] (4)
where
3
V [m ] is the volume of pipes in open circuited stubs per zone
3
ρ [kg/m ] is the density of water
W
n [1/h] is the number of tapings per zone
tap,j
The additional thermal loss for distribution pipes with open circuited stubs Q per time step is
W,dis,stub
given by:

Q mc⋅⋅ θθ− ⋅ t
( )
Wd))is stub Wd))is stub w W Wa) mb) j ci
[kWh] (5)
where
c [kWh/kgK] is the specific heat of water
W
m [kg/h] is the mass flow of hot water in open circuited stubs
W,dis,stub
If the time after the last tapping or the last circulation in circulation loops is known it is possible to
calculate the temperature after the last tapping. In addition the heat capacity of the pipes and the heat
flow rate per length shall be known respectively shall be calculated.
The hot water temperature after a tapping during a time without operation θ is given by:
W,dis,atap
−C
i
[°C] (6)
θ θ +−θθ ⋅ e
( )
W)dis)atap)i W))ah j W W)amb) j
where
C [-] is the exponent in pipe section i (see Formula 13)
i
The exponent Ci for the calculation of the temperature drop after a tapping is given by:
q ⋅ Lt⋅
1
i i atap
 (7)
C ⋅
i
c ⋅ ρ ⋅+V cm⋅
θθ−
W W i p pi) ( )
W W))amb i
where
3
V [m ] is the volume of pipes in section i
3
c [kg/m ] is the specific heat of pipe
P
m [kg] is the mass of pipe in section i
P
t [h] is the time after a tapping before next tapping
atap
q [W/m] is the heat flow rate per length (see Formula 8)
i
The heat flow per length is given by:
q=Ψθ⋅ − θ [W/m] (8)
( )
i i W W))amb j
11
=
=
=
=

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By knowing the temperature after a tapping the thermal loss of the open circuited stubs can be
calculated by Formula (1) using the mean temperature during the time of the last tapping and the start
of the next tapping. This mean temperature is given by:
θθ+
W W))dis atap
θ = [°C] (9)
W)avg
2
The same calculation method can be used for domestic hot water systems without a circulation circuit.
In this case the pipe length is the total length of the pipes from the generator to the tap.
1
[kWh] (10)
Q ⋅Ψ⋅ ϑ − ϑ ⋅+LL ⋅ t
( ) ( )
W))dis nom j W)avg W)amb) j equi ci
j
1000
If the tapping profile don’t give the information about the time after the last tapping and also the
dimension of the pipes aren’t known an approximation of the mean temperature in hot water pipes (see
Figure 3) without circulation is given by:
−0)2
θ θΨ25⋅ [°C] (11)
W))em mean W)avg
With this approximation Formula (1) resp. (10) can directly be used.
The equations in the standard refer to the length of the pipes in the corresponding section of the
network. If the length of the pipes is known the calculations are directly possible. In an early design
stage or in existing buildings the length of pipes is not known. Therefore a method in the standard is
developed as an example where the length of pipes can be calculated depending on the size of the
corresponding zone (building).
The total thermal loss in a DHW distribution system in total (see Figure 3) is given by:
— Heat loss of circulation system during operation Q + heat loss of circulation system without
W,dis,ls
operation Q + thermal loss for distribution pipes with open circuited stubs Q
w,dis,nom W,dis,stub
Q =Q ++Q Q [kWh] (12)
W))dis ls)total W))dis ls W))dis nom W))dis stub
6.1.2 Ribbon heater in DHW distribution systems
In domestic hot water systems sometimes the thermal losses of the pipes are compensated by a ribbon
heater. In this cases the auxiliary energy demand for a ribbon heater W is given by:
W,dis,rib
[kWh] (13)
WQ=
W))dis rib W))dis ls
where
Q [kWh] is the calculated according to Formula (1), taking into account only the length
W,dis.ls
of the hot water pipes.
6.1.3 Auxiliary e
...