SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2018

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5, Module M3-7, M8-7

This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15316-6-10) specifies details for EN 15316-5 and gives additional information for the application of EN 15316-5.

Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-10: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-5 (Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und Speichersysteme für Trinkwarmwasser (keine Kühlung))

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5, Module M3-7, M8-7

Le présent Rapport technique fait référence à l’EN 15316 5, couvrant le module M3-7 et M8-7.
Il contient des informations permettant d’assurer une compréhension, une utilisation et une adaptation nationale correctes de l’EN 15316 5.

Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 6-10. del: Razlaga in utemeljitev EN 15316-5 - Modula M3-7 in M8-7

To tehnično poročilo (CEN/TR 15316-6-10) določa podrobnosti za standard EN 15316-5 in podaja dodatne informacije za uporabo standarda EN 15316-5.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 09-Jan-2017
• Publication Date: 17-Apr-2018
• ICS: 91.140.10 - Central heating systems
• ICS: 91.140.65 - Water heating equipment
• Technical Committee: OGS - Heating for buildings
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 05-Apr-2018
• Due Date: 10-Jun-2018
• Completion Date: 18-Apr-2018
• Directive: 2010/31/EU - Directive 2010/31/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
• Mandate: M/480 - Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy performance buildings (2010/31/EU)
• Ref Project: CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2017 - Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5, Module M3-7, M8-7

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2018
01-maj-2018
(QHUJLMVNHODVWQRVWLVWDYE0HWRGD]DL]UDþXQHQHUJLMVNLK]DKWHYLQXþLQNRYLWRVWL
VLVWHPDGHO5D]ODJDLQXWHPHOMLWHY(10RGXOD0LQ0
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5, Module
M3-7, M8-7
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-10:
Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-5 (Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und
Speichersysteme für Trinkwarmwasser (keine Kühlung))
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5, Module
M3-7, M8-7
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2017
ICS:
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
91.140.65 Oprema za ogrevanje vode Water heating equipment
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2018

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2018


CEN/TR 15316-6-10
TECHNICAL REPORT

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

April 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10; 91.140.65
English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5,
Module M3-7, M8-7
 Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der
Anlagen - Teil 6-10: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-5
(Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und
Speichersysteme für Trinkwarmwasser (keine
Kühlung))


This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
228.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
4.1 Symbols . 7
4.2 Subscripts . 7
5 Information on the method . 7
6 Method description (storage model: multi volume) . 8
6.1 Rationale . 8
6.2 Time steps . 8
6.3 Assumptions . 8
6.4 Number of volume to model the storage . 8
6.5 Data input . 8
6.5.1 Volume . 8
6.5.2 Thermal losses . 8
6.5.3 Power unit . 9
6.5.4 Auxiliary . 9
6.6 Calculation information . 9
7 Worked out examples. . 9
7.1 Storage model with 4 volumes . 9
7.1.1 Description . 9
7.1.2 Calculation details . 10
7.1.3 Remarks and comments . 10
7.2 Storage model with single volume . 10
7.2.1 Description . 10
7.2.2 Calculation details . 10
7.2.3 Remarks and comments . 10
8 Application range . 10
8.1 Energy performance. 10
8.2 Energy certificate . 10
8.3 Inspection . 10
8.4 System complexity . 11
9 Regulation use . 11
10 Information on the accompanying spreadsheet . 11
11 Results of the validation tests . 11
12 Quality issues . 11
Annex A (informative) CALCULATION FLOWCHART . 12
Annex B (informative) Calculation example: storage for domestic hot water modelled with
4 volumes . 14
2

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Annex C (informative) Example 2: Storage for heating and domestic hot water with internal
back up heater modelled with 1 volume . 22
Annex D (informative) Calculation method of weighting factor f_sto_bac_acc . 29
D.1 Principle . 29
D.2 Illustration with domestic electric storage water heater (ESWH). 29
D.3 Estimation or f_sto_bac_acc with the accompanying spreadsheet . 31
Annex E (informative) Monthly Calculation . 32
Bibliography . 33

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European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15316-6-10:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
4

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Introduction
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB
standards [1];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of
EPB-standards [2];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, EN ISO 52000-1.
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the
background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail
to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made
available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB
standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [2]):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content,
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard, and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
5

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This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [5] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
6

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1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to EN 15316-5, covering module M3-7 and M8-7
It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of
EN 15316-5.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15316-5:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 5: Space heating and DHW storage systems (not cooling), M3-
7, M8-7
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1:
General framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and EN 15316-5:2017 apply.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and in EN 15316-5:2017
apply.
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the subscripts given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017, in EN 15316-5:2017
(the accompanied EPB standard) apply.
5 Information on the method
The method calculates the thermal balance of the storage unit. This storage unit in divided, for the
calculation purpose, in fixed volumes that are in stable conditions (temperature) for any time step
considered.
This method covers the thermal calculation of the storage unit where the temperature is stratified, due
to delay between the energy demand and the re-heat by the generation unit.
The generation unit can be located outside of the storage unit (combustion boilers, heat pump) or inside
for specific cases (electric resistance for the main or for the back-up).
The temperature of any volume is the result of the energy balance for the volume considered (energy
input, mass transfer, thermal losses though the envelope).
In case of multi storage unit the control system defines the priority between the storage unit (parallel
mounting) or the order (serial mounting).
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NOTE The thermal conduction between the different calculation volumes is neglected in the calculation.
6 Method description (storage model: multi volume)
6.1 Rationale
The input data are the volume of the storage unit, standby losses at reference values (ambient
temperature, set temperature) of the storage unit and information related to the type of system used to
heat the storage unit (power, type –direct; – heat exchanger, location or altitude).
The information related to the scenario of use at the output is based on.
A flowchart is given in Annex A.
6.2 Time steps
Time step is typically hourly.
However, the time step could be adapted and aligned with the scenario of energy end use (tapping
pattern for domestic hot water use).
6.3 Assumptions
It is assumed that the power of losses vary linearly with the difference between ambient temperature
and temperature of the storage unit.
Energy is withdrawn at the beginning of the step time.
The thermal losses are considered as proportion of each of the volume used to model the storage unit.
This covers cylindrical (horizontal and vertical) storage.
NOTE The value could be changed as a proportion of the external surface considered for each volume if
necessary.
Dynamic effects are neglected because the temperature of the storage unit is considered as
homogenous during each time step.
6.4 Number of volume to model the storage
Ideal situation is when the number of volumes used to model the storage unit is equal to the number of
time step for a given period when the storage is supposed to recover its full capacity (typically 24 h
period, so 24 volumes).
If the heating element (heat exchanger, electric resistance) corresponds to the position of more than 1
volume, the heating power for each of the modelled volume is made as a proportion of the sum of the
volumes concerned with the location of the heating element.
The number of volume could be reduced to 1 when the temperature of the whole volume is
homogenous during each step time (no stratification).
6.5 Data input
6.5.1 Volume
The volume is the declared value by the manufacturer (unit: l – litre).
6.5.2 Thermal losses
When known, the thermal losses are those provided by the manufacturer.
The thermal losses (usually expressed in kWh/24h) are transformed into thermal power losses (unit:
W/K).
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Default values for coefficients C1, C2 …C5 are based on data from the different products standards
representing typical values for storage unit in Europe (Table 1).
f is a multiplying factor of the thermal losses and depends on the number of pipes connection, the
sto;dis;ls
type of mounting of the pipe connection including or not heat traps or other features to limit heat
exchange, and type of thermal insulation of piping and valves. The range of this factor vary for 1 to 5
— f = 1:no thermal bridges and no fluid exchange from storage to distribution systems accounted
sto;dis;ls
for pipes connections. This correspond to the ideal cases where thermal losses are accounted to the
distribution part
— f = 3: indicated in the norm be 3, not 1 and corresponds to the usual case encountered in the
sto;dis;ls
practice is “thermal insulation only installed on straight parts of the distribution lines, T-pieces of
the lines not insulated, valves not insulated, etc. and no heat trap”. In such a case, the heat losses are
multiplied by 3, compared with the theoretical calculation using the lambda values of the insulation
and its geometry.
Table 1 — Products standards for storage
Electrical storage water heaters EN 60379
Solar storage EN 12977–3
Other hot water storage tanks EN 15332
6.5.3 Power unit
The power unit is the value declared by the manufacturer (unit: kW or W/K for heat exchanger).
The power unit(s) is allocated to the volume considered depending on its location.
NOTE The temperature control of the heating element can be addressed on any of the volume(s° used for the
calculation in accordance with the technology used (direct resistance, heat exchanger from boiler, heat exchanger
from solar collectors,…). Set poin.t can be time dependent.
6.5.4 Auxiliary
The auxiliary information (power, mass flow) are provided by the manufacturer (integrated auxiliaries)
or from the design of the storage.
6.6 Calculation information
Main source of error is considering a lack of energy at the output of the storage unit due to:
— default in dimensioning the storage unit;
— default in the control for heating;
— calculation time step not adapted (solution could be to reduce the step time in order to divide the
energy demand at the output of the storage unit.
7 Worked out examples.
7.1 Storage model with 4 volumes
7.1.1 Description
The example refers to a typical single dwelling, storage unit power with an electric resistance at the
bottom of the storage unit for domestic hot water use only.
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The water used at the top of the storage unit (volume 4) is replaced by cold water at the bottom of the
storage unit (volume 1).
No back-up system is implemented.
The energy output is calculated; in case of lake of energy the missing quantity is reported and can be
supply by other generation or storage units.
The temperature is controlled in the same volume than the heating element.
This example highlights the stratification of the temperature storage unit.
7.1.2 Calculation details
Calculation details are given in Annex B.
7.1.3 Remarks and comments
The model has been validated as the results have been compared against tests using scenarios from
mandate M343 (domestic hot water tapping patterns).
7.2 Storage model with single volume
7.2.1 Description
The example refers to a typical single dwelling, storage unit powered with heat exchanger for domestic
hot water and heating services.
A single volume model is adapted when the storage unit is not stratified (mixing pump, frequent energy
input,…).
An integrated back-up system is here available (electric resistance).
This example highlights the control system depending on
— priority given for the different energy end use;
— minimum temperature(s) for energy delivery;
— set temperature(s) for control of the main energy input and for the back-up system.
7.2.2 Calculation details
Calculation details are given in Annex C.
7.2.3 Remarks and comments
8 Application range
8.1 Energy performance
No modification.
8.2 Energy certificate
No modification.
8.3 Inspection
No modification.
10

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8.4 System complexity
No modification.
9 Regulation use
No modification.
10 Information on the accompanying spreadsheet
The accompanying spreadsheet can be found on AFNOR livelink (CEN TC 228/WG4 folder)
The available spreadsheets are:
File name Reference Description
TC228_-3–7_8–7 Model _4vol_W_2015_09_05.xls Method 1 Storage model with 4 volumes
TC228_M3+8_7_ Method 2 Storage model with 1 volume
+
Model_1vol_H W+BU_2015_07_21.xls
11 Results of the validation tests
No modification.
12 Quality issues
No modification.
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Annex A
(informative)

CALCULATION FLOWCHART
Figure A.1 below present the flowchart used for the calculation method based a model of the storage
untir represent with different volume thermally homogeneous.

Key
1 Init data – 4 STEP 2 - Calculate volume 7 STEP 5 - Calculate 10 STEP – 8 Introduce
t = 0 of water for domestic temperature of each thermal losses and
hot water service calculation volume adapt the energy
delivered by the of the storage unit input (according to
storage unit (stratified the control
model) system)
2 t = t+ time 5 STEP 3 - Calculate 8 STEP 6 - Introduce 11 Display results
step temperature of each energy input and
calculation volume of calculate
the storage unit after temperature for
each layer of the
storage unit
3 STEP 1 - 6 STEP 4 - Calculate volume 9 STEP 7 - Condition for 12 End of daily scenario
check if of water for DHW mixing the layer j
Energy delivered by the
stored is storage unit
enough
for
supply
Figure A.1 — Flow chart of the calculation method (stratified model without back up – single
use)
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Figure A-2 introduces the flowchart for Method B when used with a single heating unit to supply hot
water to the storage and back-up system.

Key
0 Init data – t = 0 2 t = t+ time step 3 STEP 1 – Calculate energy
balance for domestic hot
water check whether
energy and temperature
requirements are
achieved
4 STEP 2 - Calculate energy balance 5 STEP 3 - Calculate final 6 STEP 4- Identify the
for heating (after energy temperature, energy necessity for back up
withdrawn for domestic hot output and energy input (non sufficient energy
water use)And check whether after energy services and delivery and back up
energy and temperature check whether the set availability
requirements are achieved temperature is achieved
7 STEP 5 - Calculate the energy 8 STEP 6- Identify the necessity 9 STEP 7 - Introduce thermal
balance for domestic hot water for back up (non sufficient losses and adapt the
and heating energy delivery and back energy inputs (according
up availability to the control system)
10 Display results
Figure A.2 — Flowchart for simplified model of the storage with back-up
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Annex B
(informative)

Calculation example: storage for domestic hot water modelled with 4
volumes
This calculation example covers the following case:
— storage for single end use (domestic hot water or heating);
— powered with heat exchanger or internal power unit (electrical);
— no internal back-up heater.
Table B.1 — Input data
Name Symbol Unit Value
Operating conditions data
Energy use (storage, use for hating /DHW) - - STO_USE_DELSTO
Calculation interval t H 1
ci
Energy required for heating Q kWh 0
H;sto;out
Temperature required for heating ϑ °C 60
sto;out;H;min
Energy required for domestic hot water Q kWh 2,1
W;sto;out
Temperature required for domestic hot water θ °C 60
sto;out;W;min
Potential Input from generation Q kWh 5
H;sto;X;in
Temperature input from generation ϑ °C 55
sto;gen;flw
Temperature output to generation ϑ °C 45
sto;gen;ret
Ambient temperature ϑ °C 15
sto;amb
Temperature input for DHW (cold water) ϑ °C 12
sto;cold
Availability of electrical power STO_EL_ON - 1
Temperature volume 1 ϑ °C 40,5
sto;vol,1
Temperature volume 2 ϑ °C 40,5
sto;vol,2
Temperature volume 3 ϑ °C 44,7
sto;vol,3
Temperature volume 4 (output to generation) ϑ L 0,0
sto;vol,4
Product data
Product description data
Energy type (Main) STO_FUEL_TYPE  STO_FUEL_EL
Energy type (Back-up) STO_FUEL_TYPE  NO
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Name Symbol Unit Value
Product technical data
Volume (total) Vsto;tot L 200,00
Thermal losses coefficient (global) W/K 2,31
Hsto;tot
Stand-by losses correction factor f - 1,00
sto;dis;ls
Volume 4 Vsto;4 L 50,00
Volume 3 L 50,00
Vsto;3
Volume 2 L 50,00
Vsto;2
Volume 1 L 50,00
Vsto;1
Electrical heater power at volume 1 Φsto;el;1 kW 3
Position zsto;el,1;min Z 0
Altitude max z M 0,35
sto;el,1;max
Circulator power Φsto;pmp,1 kW 0,00
Circulator mass flow V'sto;pmp,1 m3/h 0,00

part of the thermal losses recoverable fsto;rm  1
part of the auxiliary energy recovered fsto;aux;rvd - 0,75
part of the nominal electrical power not
- 0,25
transmitted to the distribution sub-system fsto;aux;nrvd
System design data
Process design
storage room temperature; ϑ °C 15
sto;amb
Control type data
Control type STO_CTRL_TYPE °C 65
Thermostat set ϑ °C 65
sto;set;on
15

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...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10:2016
01-december-2016
[Not translated]
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5, Module
M3-7, M8-7
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-10:
Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-5 (Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und
Speichersysteme für Trinkwarmwasser (keine Kühlung))
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10
ICS:
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10:2016

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10:2016


FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHER BERICHT

November 2016
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10; 91.140.65
English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-5,
Module M3-7, M8-7
Energy performance of buildings - Method for Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
calculation of system energy requirements and system Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
efficiencies - Part 6-10: Explanation and justification of Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der
EN 15316-5, Module M3-7, M8-7 Anlagen - Teil 6-10: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-5
(Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und
Speichersysteme für Trinkwarmwasser (keine
Kühlung))


This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
228.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
4.1 Symbols . 6
4.2 Subscripts . 6
5 Information on the method . 6
6 Method description (storage model: multi volume) . 7
6.1 Rationale . 7
6.2 Time steps . 7
6.3 Assumptions . 7
6.4 Number of volume to model the storage . 7
6.5 Data input . 7
6.5.1 Volume . 7
6.5.2 Thermal losses . 7
6.5.3 Power unit . 8
6.5.4 Auxiliary . 8
6.6 Calculation information . 8
7 Worked out examples. . 8
7.1 Storage model with 4 volumes . 8
7.1.1 Description . 8
7.1.2 Calculation details . 9
7.1.3 Remarks and comments . 9
7.2 Storage model with single volume . 9
7.2.1 Description . 9
7.2.2 Calculation details . 9
7.2.3 Remarks and comments . 9
8 Application range . 9
9 Regulation use . 10
10 Information on the accompanying spreadsheet . 10
11 Results of the validation tests . 10
12 Quality issues . 10
Annex A (informative) CALCULATION FLOWCHART . 11
Annex B (informative) Calculation example: storage for domestic hot water modelled with
4 volumes . 13
Annex C (informative) Example 2: Storage for heating and domestic hot water with internal
back up heater modelled with 1 volume . 21
Annex D (informative) Calculation method of weighting factor f_sto_bac_acc . 28
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D.1 Principle . 28
D.2 Illustration with domestic electric storage water heater (ESWH). 28
D.3 Estimation or f_sto_bac_acc with the accompanying spreadsheet . 30
Annex E (informative) Monthly Calculation . 31
Bibliography . 32
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European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 15316-6-10:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the vote on TR.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
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Introduction
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB
standards [1];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of
EPB-standards [2];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, prEN ISO 52000-1 [3].
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the
background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail
to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made
available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB
standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [2]):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content,
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard, and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [5] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to standard FprEN 15316-5:2016, covering module M3-7 and M8-7
It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of standard
FprEN 15316-5:2016.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
FprEN 15316-5:2016, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies - Part 5: Space heating and DHW storage systems (not cooling), M3-7,
M8-7
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures (ISO/DIS 52000-1:2015)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015and FprEN 15316-5:2016 apply.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and in
FprEN 15316-5:2016 apply.
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the subscripts given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, in
FprEN 15316-5:2016 (the accompanied EPB standard) apply.
5 Information on the method
The method calculates the thermal balance of the storage unit. This storage unit in divided, for the
calculation purpose, in fixed volumes that are in stable conditions (temperature) for any time step
considered.
This method covers the thermal calculation of the storage unit where the temperature is stratified, due
to delay between the energy demand and the re-heat by the generation unit.
The generation unit can be located outside of the storage unit (combustion boilers, heat pump) or inside
for specific cases (electric resistance for the main or for the back-up).
The temperature of any volume is the result of the energy balance for the volume considered (energy
input, mass transfer, thermal losses though the envelope).
In case of multi storage unit the control system defines the priority between the storage unit (parallel
mounting) or the order (serial mounting).
NOTE The thermal conduction between the different calculation volumes is neglected in the calculation.
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6 Method description (storage model: multi volume)
6.1 Rationale
The input data are the volume of the storage unit, standby losses at reference values (ambient
temperature, set temperature) of the storage unit and information related to the type of system used to
heat the storage unit (power, type –direct; – heat exchanger, location or altitude).
The information related to the scenario of use at the output is based on.
A flowchart is given in Annex A.
6.2 Time steps
Time step is typically hourly.
However, the time step could be adapted and aligned with the scenario of energy end use (tapping
pattern for domestic hot water use).
6.3 Assumptions
It is assumed that the power of losses vary linearly with the difference between ambient temperature
and temperature of the storage unit.
Energy is withdrawn at the beginning of the step time.
The thermal losses are considered as proportion of each of the volume used to model the storage unit.
This covers cylindrical (horizontal and vertical) storage.
NOTE The value could be changed as a proportion of the external surface considered for each volume if
necessary.
Dynamic effects are neglected because the temperature of the storage unit is considered as
homogenous during each time step.
6.4 Number of volume to model the storage
Ideal situation is when the number of volumes used to model the storage unit is equal to the number of
time step for a given period when the storage is supposed to recover its full capacity (typically 24 h
period, so 24 volumes).
If the heating element (heat exchanger, electric resistance) corresponds to the position of more than 1
volume, the heating power for each of the modelled volume is made as a proportion of the sum of the
volumes concerned with the location of the heating element.
The number of volume could be reduced to 1 when the temperature of the whole volume is
homogenous during each step time (no stratification).
6.5 Data input
6.5.1 Volume
The volume is the declared value by the manufacturer (unit: l – litre).
6.5.2 Thermal losses
When known, the thermal losses are those provided by the manufacturer.
The thermal losses (usually expressed in kWh/24h) are transformed into thermal power losses (unit:
W/K).
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Default values for coefficients C1, C2 …C5 are based on data from the different products standards
representing typical values for storage unit in Europe (Table 1).
f is a multiplying factor of the thermal losses and depends on the number of pipes connection, the
sto;dis;ls
type of mounting of the pipe connection including or not heat traps or other features to limit heat
exchange, and type of thermal insulation of piping and valves. The range of this factor vary for 1 to 5
— f = 1:no thermal bridges and no fluid exchange from storage to distribution systems accounted
sto;dis;ls
for pipes connections. This correspond to the ideal cases where thermal losses are accounted to the
distribution part
— f = 3: indicated in the norm be 3, not 1 and corresponds to the usual case encountered in the
sto;dis;ls
practice is “thermal insulation only installed on straight parts of the distribution lines, T-pieces of
the lines not insulated, valves not insulated, etc. and no heat trap”. In such a case, the heat losses are
multiplied by 3, compared with the theoretical calculation using the lambda values of the insulation
and its geometry.
Table 1 — Products standards for storage
Electrical storage water heaters EN 60379
Solar storage EN 12977–3
Other hot water storage tanks EN 15332
6.5.3 Power unit
The power unit is the value declared by the manufacturer (unit: kW or W/K for heat exchanger).
The power unit(s) is allocated to the volume considered depending on its location.
NOTE The temperature control of the heating element can be addressed on any of the volume(s° used for the
calculation in accordance with the technology used (direct resistance, heat exchanger from boiler, heat exchanger
from solar collectors,…). Set poin.t can be time dependent.
6.5.4 Auxiliary
The auxiliary information (power, mass flow) are provided by the manufacturer (integrated auxiliaries)
or from the design of the storage.
6.6 Calculation information
Main source of error is considering a lack of energy at the output of the storage unit due to:
— default in dimensioning the storage unit;
— default in the control for heating;
— calculation time step not adapted (solution could be to reduce the step time in order to divide the
energy demand at the output of the storage unit.
7 Worked out examples.
7.1 Storage model with 4 volumes
7.1.1 Description
The example refers to a typical single dwelling, storage unit power with an electric resistance at the
bottom of the storage unit for domestic hot water use only.
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The water used at the top of the storage unit (volume 4) is replaced by cold water at the bottom of the
storage unit (volume 1).
No back-up system is implemented.
The energy output is calculated; in case of lake of energy the missing quantity is reported and can be
supply by other generation or storage units.
The temperature is controlled in the same volume than the heating element.
This example highlights the stratification of the temperature storage unit.
7.1.2 Calculation details
Calculation details are given in Annex B.
7.1.3 Remarks and comments
The model has been validated as the results have been compared against tests using scenarios from
mandate M343 (domestic hot water tapping patterns).
7.2 Storage model with single volume
7.2.1 Description
The example refers to a typical single dwelling, storage unit powered with heat exchanger for domestic
hot water and heating services.
A single volume model is adapted when the storage unit is not stratified (mixing pump, frequent energy
input,…).
An integrated back-up system is here available (electric resistance).
This example highlights the control system depending on
— priority given for the different energy end use;
— minimum temperature(s) for energy delivery;
— set temperature(s) for control of the main energy input and for the back-up system.
7.2.2 Calculation details
Calculation details are given in Annex C.
7.2.3 Remarks and comments
8 Application range
8.1 Energy performance
No modification.
8.2 Energy certificate
No modification.
8.3 Inspection
No modification.
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8.4 System complexity
No modification.
9 Regulation use
No modification.
10 Information on the accompanying spreadsheet
The accompanying spreadsheet can be found on AFNOR livelink (CEN TC 228/WG4 folder)
The available spreadsheets are:
File name Reference Description
TC228_-3–7_8–7 Model _4vol_W_2015_09_05.xls Method 1 Storage model with 4 volumes
TC228_M3+8_7_ Method 2 Storage model with 1 volume
+
Model_1vol_H W+BU_2015_07_21.xls
11 Results of the validation tests
No modification.
12 Quality issues
No modification.
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Annex A
(informative)

CALCULATION FLOWCHART
Figure A.1 below present the flowchart used for the calculation method based a model of the storage
untir represent with different volume thermally homogeneous.

Key
1 Init data – 4 STEP 2 - Calculate volume 7 STEP 5 - Calculate 10 STEP – 8 Introduce
t = 0 of water for domestic hot temperature of each thermal losses and
water service delivered by calculation volume of adapt the energy input
the storage unit (stratified the storage unit (according to the
model) control system)
2 t = t+ time 5 STEP 3 - Calculate 8 STEP 6 - Introduce 11 Display results
step temperature of each energy input and
calculation volume of the calculate temperature
storage unit after for each layer of the
storage unit
3 STEP 1 - 6 STEP 4 - Calculate volume 9 STEP 7 - Condition for 12 End of daily scenario
check if of water for DHW delivered mixing the layer j
Energy stored by the storage unit
is enough for
supply
Figure A.1 — Flow chart of the calculation method (stratified model without back up – single
use)
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Figure A-2 introduces the flowchart for Method B when used with a single heating unit to supply hot
water to the storage and back-up system.

Key
0 Init data – t = 0 2 t = t+ time step 3 STE 1 – Calculate energy
balance for domestic hot
water check whether energy
and temperature
requirements are achieved
4 STEP 2 - Calculate energy balance 5 STEP 3 - Calculate final 6 STEP 4- Identify the
for heating (after energy temperature, energy output necessity for back up (non
withdrawn for domestic hot water and energy input after energy sufficient energy delivery
use)And check whether energy and services and check whether and back up availability
temperature requirements are the set temperature is
achieved achieved
7 STEP 5 - Calculate the energy 8 STEP 6- Identify the necessity 9 STEP 7 - Introduce thermal
balance for domestic hot water and for back up (non sufficient losses and adapt the energy
heating energy delivery and back up inputs (according to the
availability control system)
10 Display results
Figure A.2 — Flowchart for simplified model of the storage with back-up
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Annex B
(informative)

Calculation example: storage for domestic hot water modelled with 4
volumes
This calculation example covers the following case:
— storage for single end use (domestic hot water or heating);
— powered with heat exchanger or internal power unit (electrical);
— no internal back-up heater.
Table B.1 — Input data
Name Symbol Unit Value
Operating conditions data
Energy use (storage, use for hating /DHW) - - STO_USE_DELSTO
Calculation interval t H 1
ci
Energy required for heating Q kWh 0
H;sto;out
Temperature required for heating ϑ °C 60
sto;out;H;min
Energy required for domestic hot water Q kWh 2,1
W;sto;out
Temperature required for domestic hot water θ °C 60
sto;out;W;min
Potential Input from generation Q kWh 5
H;sto;X;in
Temperature input from generation ϑ °C 55
sto;gen;flw
Temperature output to generation ϑ °C 45
sto;gen;ret
Ambient temperature ϑ °C 15
sto;amb
Temperature input for DHW (cold water) ϑ °C 12
sto;cold
Availability of electrical power STO_EL_ON - 1
Temperature volume 1 ϑ °C 40,5
sto;vol,1
Temperature volume 2 ϑ °C 40,5
sto;vol,2
Temperature volume 3 ϑ °C 44,7
sto;vol,3
Temperature volume 4 (output to generation) ϑ L 0,0
sto;vol,4
Product data
Product description data
Energy type (Main) STO_FUEL_TYPE  STO_FUEL_EL
Energy type (Back-up) STO_FUEL_TYPE  NO
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Name Symbol Unit Value
Product technical data
Volume (total) Vsto;tot L 200,00
Thermal losses coefficient (global) W/K 2,31
Hsto;tot
Stand-by losses correction factor f - 1,00
sto;dis;ls
Volume 4 Vsto;4 L 50,00
Volume 3 L 50,00
Vsto;3
Volume 2 L 50,00
Vsto;2
Volume 1 L 50,00
Vsto;1
Electrical heater power at volume 1 Φsto;el;1 kW 3
Position zsto;el,1;min Z 0
Altitude max z M 0,35
sto;el,1;max
Circulator power Φsto;pmp,1 kW 0,00
Circulator mass flow V'sto;pmp,1 m3/h 0,00

part of the thermal losses recoverable fsto;rm  1
part of the auxiliary energy recovered fsto;aux;rvd - 0,75
part of the nominal electrical power not
- 0,25
transmitted to the distribution sub-system fsto;aux;nrvd
System design data
Process design
storage room temperature; ϑ °C 15
sto;amb
Control type data
Control type STO_CTRL_TYPE °C 65
Thermostat set ϑ °C 65
sto;set;on
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Table B.2 — Calculation example
Description Symbol Unit Value Formula ref. Formula
STO_USE
Type of energy use  -
_DELSTO

Single storage and multivolume

calculation
NB_vol
Q t ρ××C V× ϑ − ϑ
energy stored for DHW service Q   Formula (3)
W;sto;t0 ( ) ( )
sto;W 0 w p;w sto)i sto;)vol i W;out;min
∑
i =1

Energy required for DHW use Q kWh 2,1
W;sto;out
Step 1 - Domestic hot water use
- Calculation of volume

...