SIST EN 15316-3:2018
(Main)Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and cooling), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and cooling), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6
This standard covers energy performance calculation of water based distribution systems for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water.
This standard deals with the heat flux from the distributed water to the space and the auxiliary energy of the related pumps.
The heat flux and the auxiliary energy for pumps can be calculated at any time-step (hour, month and year). The input and output data are mean values of the time step.
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 3: Wärmeverteilungssysteme (Trinkwassererwärmung, Heizung und Kühlung), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6
Diese Norm gilt für die Berechnung der Gesamtenergieeffizienz von wasserbasierten Verteilungssystemen zur Raumheizung, Raumkühlung und Trinkwarmwasserbereitung.
Diese Norm behandelt den vom verteilten Wasser in den Raum gerichteten Wärmestrom und die Hilfsenergie der dafür eingesetzten Pumpen.
Der Wärmestrom und die Hilfsenergie für Pumpen können für beliebige Zeitschritte (Stunde, Monat und Jahr) berechnet werden. Die Ein- und Ausgabedaten sind Mittelwerte des betreffenden Zeitschritts.
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 3 : Systèmes de distribution des locaux (eau chaude sanitaire, chauffage et refroidissement), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6
La présente norme couvre le calcul de la performance énergétique des systèmes de distribution à eau pour le chauffage des locaux, le refroidissement des locaux et l’eau chaude sanitaire.
La présente norme traite du flux de chaleur de l’eau distribuée au local et de l’énergie des auxiliaires des pompes associées.
Le flux de chaleur et l’énergie des auxiliaires pour les pompes peuvent être calculés avec tout pas de temps (horaire, mensuel et annuel). Les données d’entrée et de sortie sont des valeurs moyennes des pas de temps.
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 3. del: Sistemi za distribucijo toplote (priprava tople sanitarne vode, ogrevanje in hlajenje prostora) - Moduli M3-6, M4-6 in M8-6
Ta standard zajema izračun energijske učinkovitosti sistemov razporejanja vode za ogrevanje prostora, hlajenje prostora in gospodinjsko toplo vodo.
Ta standard se ukvarja s toplotnim tokom iz razporejene vode v prosto in pomožno energijo povezanih črpalk.
Toplotni tok in pomožno energija za črpalke je mogoče izračunati kadar koli (ur, mesec in leto). Izhodni in vhodni podatki so povprečne vrednosti izbranega trenutka.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 3: Wärmeverteilungssysteme (Trinkwassererwärmung, Heizung und Kühlung), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 3 : Systèmes de distribution des locaux (eau chaude sanitaire, chauffage et refroidissement), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and cooling), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-691.140.65Oprema za ogrevanje vodeWater heating equipment91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-3:2017SIST EN 15316-3:2018en,fr,de01-maj-2018SIST EN 15316-3:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15316-3-2:2007SIST EN 15316-2-3:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15316-3
April
t r s y ICS
{ sä s v rä s râ
{ sä s v rä u râ
{ sä s v rä x w Supersedes EN
s w u s xæ tæ uã t r r yá EN
s w u s xæ uæ tã t r r yEnglish Version
Energy performance of buildings æ Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies æ
uæ xá M væ xá M zæ x Performance énergétique des bâtiments æ Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes æ Partie
u ã Systèmes de distribution des
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden æ Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen æ Teil
uã This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t y February
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s w u s xæ uã t r s y ESIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 2 Contents European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8 4.1 Symbols . 8 4.2 Subscripts . 8 5 General description of the method - Output of the method . 9 6 Calculation of heat losses and auxiliary energy of distribution systems . 9 6.1 Output data . 9 6.2 Calculation time steps . 10 6.3 Input data . 10 6.4 Calculation procedure . 14 7 Quality control . 21 8 Compliance check. 21 Annex A (informative)
Simplified input data correlations . 22 A.1 General . 22 A.2 Input correlations to the length of pipes in zones (buildings) . 22 Annex B (informative)
Simplified input data correlations . 26 B.1 General . 26 B.2 Input correlations to the length of pipes in zones (buildings) . 26 B.3 Input correlations to linear thermal transmittance of pipes in zones (buildings) . 31 B.4 Input correlations to constants for distribution pumps . 33 B.5 Input correlations to additional resistances and resistance ratio . 33 B.6 Input correlations factor for recoverable auxiliary energy . 35 Annex C (informative)
Input data - Energy efficiency index of real water-pumps . 36 C.1 Product description data . 36 C.2 Product technical data . 36 Bibliography . 37
SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 15316-3:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document supersedes EN 15316-2-3:2007 and EN 15316-3-2:2007. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2017. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 4 Introduction This standard is part of a package developed to support EPBD directive implementation, hereafter called “EPB set of standards”. All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency. All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B with informative default choices. For the correct use of this standard a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices. Informative default choices are provided in Annex B. CEN/TC 228 deals with heating systems in buildings. Subjects covered by TC 228 are: — energy performance calculation for heating systems; — inspection of heating systems; — design of heating systems; — installation and commissioning of heating systems This standard specifies the heat flux from distribution systems in space heating systems, space cooling systems and domestic hot water systems. This standard also specifies the auxiliary energy for pumps in space heating systems, space cooling systems and domestic hot water systems. This standard was developed during the first EPBD mandate and the first version was published in 2008 in two different parts – space heating systems and domestic hot water systems. This standard is dealing with both earlier standards (EN 15316-2-3 and EN 15316-3-2) and added space cooling systems. The revision concerned mainly unique calculation methods for the water-based distribution systems for the heat flux as well as for the auxiliary energy of pumps. The standard was updated to cover hourly/monthly/yearly time-step. Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific applications. These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to national / regional needs, but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available as national annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document (national data sheet). NOTE So in this case: - the regulators will specify the choices; - the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and thereby use the choices made by the regulators,. Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same topics can override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public regulation on the same topics can even, for certain applications, override the use of this standard. Legal requirements and choices are in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to avoid double publications and difficult updating of double documents, a national annex may refer to the legal texts where national choices have been made by public authorities. Different national annexes or national data sheets are possible, for different applications. SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 5 It is expected, if the default values, choices and references to other EPB standards in Annex B are not followed due to national regulations, policy or traditions, that: — national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the national annex (e.g. NA) refers to this text; — or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a national annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give national or regional values and choices. Further target groups are parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building stock. SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard covers energy performance calculation of water based distribution systems for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water. This European Standard deals with the heat flux from the distributed water to the space and the auxiliary energy of the related pumps. The heat flux and the auxiliary energy for pumps can be calculated at any time-step (hour, month and year). The input and output data are mean values of the time step. Instead of calculating the energy performance of water based distribution systems it is also possible to use measurements as long as they are following the timesteps of the whole performance calculation or can divided in those timesteps. Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000-1:2017. NOTE 1 In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2:2017 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation. NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1. SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 7 Table 1 — Position of this standard, within the modular structure of the set of EPB standards Overarching
Building (as such) Technical Building Systems
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Humidification Dehumidification Domestic Hot water Lighting Building automation and control Electricity
production sub1
M1 sub1 M2 sub1
M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 1 General
1 General 1 General 15316–1
15316–1
2 Common terms and definitions; symbols, units and subscripts
2 Building Energy Needs 2 Needs
12831–3 ?
3 Applications
3 (Free) Indoor Conditions without
Systems 3 Maximum Load and Power 12831–1
12831–3
4 Ways to Express Energy
Performance
4 Ways to Express Energy Performance 4 Ways to Express Energy Performance 15316–1
15316–1
5 Building
Functions and Building Boundaries
5 Heat Transfer by Transmission 5 Emission and control 15316–2 15316–2
6 Building Occupancy and Operating Conditions
6 Heat Transfer by Infiltration and Ventilation 6 Distribution and control 15316–3 15316–3
15316–3
7 Aggregation of Energy Services and Energy Carriers
7 Internal
Heat Gains 7 Storage and control 15316–5
15316–5
15316–4-3
8 Building Partitioning
8 Solar
Heat Gains 8 Generation
8–1 Combustion boilers 15316–4-1
15316–4-1
8–2 Heat pumps 15316–4-2 15316–4-2
15316–4-2
8–3 Thermal solar Photovoltaics 15316–4-3
15316–4-3
15316–4-3
8–4 On-site cogeneration 15316–4-4
15316–4-4
15316–4-4
8–5 District heating and cooling 15316–4-5 15316–4-5
15316–4-5
8–6 Direct electrical heater 15316–4-6
15316–4-6
8–7 Wind turbines
15316–4-7
8–8 Radiant heating, stoves 15316–4-8
9 Calculated Energy Performance
9 Building Dynamics (thermal mass) 9 Load dispatching and operating conditions
10 Measured
Energy
Performance
10 Measured Energy Performance 10 Measured Energy Performance 15378–3
15378–3
11 Inspection
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 15378–1
15378–1
12 Ways to Express Indoor Comfort
12 – 12 BMS
13 External Environment Conditions
14 Economic Calculation 15459–1
NOTE The shaded modules are not applicable SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 8 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15232-1, Energy Performance of Buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Part 1: Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management - Modules M10-4,5,6,7,8,9,10 EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment – Part 1: General framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995, EN ISO 52000-1:2017, and the following specific definitions apply. 3.1 tapping profile depending on the definition in M8-3 3.2 setback mode operation Mode for pumps at the end of scheduled usage time 3.3 boost mode operation Mode for pumps before the begin of scheduled usage time 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and the specific symbols listed in Table 2 apply Table 2 — Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit nTap Tapping profile 1/h
Mean part load in a time step -
Expenditure energy factor - 4.2 Subscripts For the purposes of this European Standard, the subscripts given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017, and the specific subscripts listed in Table 3 apply. Table 3 — Subscripts boost Boost heating dis Distribution WX,dis Operation mode setb Setback mode dis Distribution WX,dis Operation mode SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 9 nom nominal heat loss dis Distribution Qw,dis,nom
stub open circuited stubs dis Distribution QW,dis,stub
5 General description of the method - Output of the method This method covers the calculation of
« thermal loss of the distribution system for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the zone;
« recoverable thermal loss for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the zone;
« auxiliary energy demand of distribution systems;
« recoverable auxiliary energy in the zone for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the zone;
« recovered auxiliary energy in the fluid in the zone for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the zone. The time step of the output can be according to the time-step of the input values: — hourly; — monthly; — yearly. All input and output values are mean values in the corresponding time step. Because of summarized time steps with the same boundary conditions the bin-method is also valid. 6 Calculation of heat losses and auxiliary energy of distribution systems 6.1 Output data The output data of this method are listed in Table 4: Table 4 — Output data of this method: Description Symbol Unit Validity interval Intended destination module Varying Temperature of DHW ÍWend °C 30.70 M8–1 YES Thermal loss of the distribution system for heating in the zone QH,dis,ls kWh
rå » M3–1 Yes Thermal loss of the distribution system for cooling in the zone QC,dis,ls kWh
rå » M4–1 Yes Thermal loss of the distribution system for DHW in the zone QW,dis,ls kWh
rå » M3–1 Yes Recoverable thermal loss of the distribution system for heating in the zone QH,dis,rbl kWh
rå » M3–1 Yes Recoverable thermal loss of the QC,dis,rbl kWh
rå » M4–1 Yes SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 10 distribution system for cooling in the zone Recoverable thermal loss of the distribution system for DHW in the zone QW,dis,rbl kWh
rå » M3–1 Yes Auxiliary energy for distribution system heating in the zone WH,dis kWh
rå » M3–1 Yes Auxiliary energy for distribution system cooling in the zone WC,dis kWh
rå » M4–1 Yes Auxiliary energy for distribution system DHW in the zone WW,dis kWh
rå » M3–1 Yes Recoverable auxiliary energy for distribution system heating in the zone QH,dis,rbl kWh
rå » M3t1 Yes Recoverable auxiliary energy for distribution system cooling in the zone QC,dis,rbl kWh
rå » M4t1 Yes Recoverable auxiliary energy for distribution system DHW in the zone QW,dis,rbl kWh
rå » M3t1 Yes Recovered auxiliary energy for distribution system heating in the zone QH,dis,rvd kWh
rå » M3t1 Yes Recovered auxiliary energy for distribution system cooling in the zone QC,dis,rvd kWh
rå » M4t1 Yes Recovered auxiliary energy for distribution system DHW in the zone QW,dis,rvd kWh
rå » M3t1 Yes 6.2 Calculation time steps The methods described in paragraph 6 are suitable for the following calculation time steps: — hourly — monthly — yearly For this method, the output time step is the same as the input time-step. This method does not take into account any dynamic effect. 6.3 Input data 6.3.1 Product technical data (quantitative) According to the EU-Regulations circulation pumps (wet running meter) are certified with an energy efficiency index EEI (see Table 5). The EEI-value is determined by a measurement procedure. If the EEI of a real pump is known it can be taken into account.
Other circulation pumps are not included in this regulation. SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 11 Table 5 — Product technical input data list Characteristics Symbol Catalogue
unit Computed Unit Validity interval Ref. Varying Energy efficiency index EEI
- 0…1
YES Default data are given in Annex B. 6.3.2 Configuration and system design data 6.3.2.1 Process design The input data of the process design are listed in Table 6: Table 6 — Process design input data list Process design
Tapping profile ntap 1/h number of operations of circulation pump nnom 1/d average hot water temperature in circulation system without operation ÍW,avg °C resistance ratio of components in the piping system fcomp - pressure loss per length RHCW,max kPa/m pressure losses of additional resistances ,HCWaddp∆ kPa Length of pipes L m Equivalent length of pipes (for valves, hangers etc.) Lequi m 6.3.2.2 Controls This identifier (see Table 7) indicates how the pump is controlled. Table 7 — Identifiers for pump control Identifier Code Meaning HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 0 Uncontrolled HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 1 On-off mode HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 2 Multi-stage-control HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 3 Variable Speed control based on p∆ -constant HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 4 Variable Speed control based on p∆ -variable In this standard it is distinguished only between the codes 0, 3 and 4 because codes 1 and 2 are dealing with the energy demand and not with the type of operation. This identifier (see Table 8) indicates how the pump is operating in intermittent control of emission and/or distribution SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 12 Table 8 — Identifiers for pump control (intermittent) Identifier Code Meaning HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 0 No automatic control HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 1 Fixed time program HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 2 control with optimum start/stop HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 3 Control with demand evaluation In this standard it is distinguished only between the codes 0, 2 / 3. Code 1 is dealing with the energy demand. The values are corresponding to EN 15232-1. The identifier for pump selection in the design process (see Table 9) takes into account whether the pump is selected with its working point at the design point or not. Different from design point is also be used for existing pumps. Table 9 — Identifiers for pump selection Identifier Code Meaning PUMP_DISTR_SEL 1 When selection at design point PUMP_DISTR_SEL 2 When selection different from design point SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 13 6.3.3 Operating or boundary conditions Required operating conditions data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 10. Table 10 — Operating conditions data list Name Symbol Unit Range Origin Module Varying Operating conditions
Input temperature of the heating circuit ÍH,in °C 0.110 M3–5 YES Flowrate in the heating circuit HV=m3/h
rå »
YES Mean part load of heating circuit H,dis - 0.1
YES Input temperature of the cooling circuit ÍC,in °C 0.110 M4–5 YES Flowrate in the cooling circuit CV=m3/h
rå »
YES Mean part load of cooling circuit C,dis=- 0.1
YES Temperature of DHW ÍW °C 30.70 M8–1 YES Temperature difference between hot water tapping temperature to the return temperature in a circulation loop system ÍW °C 1…20
YES Flowrate in the DHW circulation system WV m3/h
rå »
YES calculation interval tci h 1…8760 M1–9 YES total time operation top h 0…8760 M1–6 YES Surrounding zone temperature in the calculation interval at heating period Íah,H °C
«40…+40 M2–2 YES Surrounding zone temperature in the calculation interval at cooling period Íah,C °C
«40…+40 M2–2 YES Surrounding zone temperature in the calculation interval at DHW period Íamb,W °C
«40…+40 M2–2 YES operation time of the distribution system THCW,op=h 0.8760 M2–2 YES SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 14 6.3.4 Constants and physical data Table 11 indicates constants and physical data. Table 11 — Constants and physical data Name Symbol Unit Value
cw ®w kWh/(m3·K) 1,15 Specific heat of water cw
sá s x ub s r «3 Density of water w kg/m3 990 6.4 Calculation procedure 6.4.1 Applicable time step The procedure can be used with the following time steps: — hourly; — monthly; — yearly. The bin-method can also be used because in this method only identical time steps are summarized. No dynamic effects are explicitly taken into account because there are no significant time constants. This procedure is not suitable for dynamic simulations. 6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation 6.4.3 Heat loss calculation The heat loss calculation of a distribution system is based on the mean water supply temperature, the surrounding temperature in a space, the thermal transmittance of the pipes, the length of the pipes and the operation time. The mean water temperature in the distribution systems ÍX,mean for space heating and space cooling is given by: ,,HC,mean2HCinHCoutϑϑϑ+==[°C]==(1Φ=where=ÍHC,mean [°C] mean water temperature in the distribution system at time step ÍHC,in [°C] input water temperature in the emission system at time step ÍHC,out [°C] output water temperature in the emission system at time step The mean water temperature in the distribution system W,mean for DHW is given by: W,mean2WWϑϑϑ∆=−=[°C]==(2Φ=SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 15 where ÍW [°C] hot water temperature at time step Wϑ∆=[°C] temperature difference between hot water tapping temperature to the return temperature in a circulation loop system at time stepawhile The linear thermal transmittance
for insulated pipes in air with a total heat transfer coefficient including convection and radiation at the outside is given by: 11ln2aDiaaddhdπλΨ=⋅+⋅⋅=
(3) where di, da [m] the inner diameter (without insulation) and outer diameter (with insulation) of the pipe ha [W/(m2K] outer total surface coefficient of heat transfer (convection and radiation) (see Annex B) D [W/mK] thermal conductivity of insulation For embedded pipes the linear thermal transmittance em
is given by: 1114lnln2emaDiemadzddπλλΨ=⋅⋅+⋅=
(4) where z [m] the depth of pipe from surface em [W/(mK] thermal conductivity of embedded material For non-insulated pipes the linear thermal transmittance non is given by: ,,,11ln2nonpaPpiapaddhdπλΨ=⋅+⋅⋅=
(5) where dp,i, dp,a [m] the inner and outer diameter of the pipe P [W/mK] thermal conductivity of the pipe material As an approximation the linear thermal transmittance non is given by: ,nonapahdπΨ=⋅⋅=
(6) The thermal loss for a distribution system QX,dis,ls for space heating, space cooling and DHW with a circulation loop in a zone during operation time is given by: (Φ(Φ,,,,,,011000HCWoptHCWdislsjHCWmeanHCWambjequicijjQLLtϑϑ=Ψ⋅−⋅+⋅∑∑=[kWh]==(7Φ=SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 16 where j [-] index for zone (unconditioned or conditioned) ÍHCW,amb,j [°C] surrounding temperature in the zone at time step L [m] length of the pipe in the zone (unconditioned or conditioned) Lequi [m] equivalent length of pipe in the zone (unconditioned or conditioned) for valves, hangers etc. tci [h] calculation time step tHCW,op [h] total operation time for space heating, space cooling and circulation loop of DHW The additional thermal loss for distribution pipes with open circuited stubs QW,dis,stub per time step during operation (tapping) is given by: (Φ,,,,,,,WdislsstubWdisstubwWWambjciQmctϑϑ=⋅⋅−⋅ [kWh]
(8) where cW [kWh/kgK] specific heat of water mW,dis,stub [kg/h] mass flow of hot water in open circuited stubs per time step The mass flow of hot water in open circuited stubs mw,dis,stub during operation (tapping) is given by: ,,,WdisstubstubjWtapjjmVnρ=⋅⋅∑ [kg/h]
(9) where V [m3] Volume of pipes in open circuited stubs per zone W [kg/m3] density of water ntap,j [1/h] number of tapings per zone and time step The thermal loss in circulation systems without operation Qw,dis,nom is calculated according to Formula (7) where the mean water temperature at operation time is substituted by the average hot water temperature W,avg in the circulation system without operation at time step. (Φ(Φ,,,,,,011000WoptWdisnomjWavgWambjequicijjQLLtϑϑ=Ψ⋅−⋅+⋅∑∑=[kWh]==(10Φ=where=ÍW,avg [°C] average hot water temperature in circulation system without operation at time step The hot water temperature after a tapping during a time without operation W,dis,atap is given by: (Φ,,,,,,,,iCWdisatapiWahjWavgbeginWambjeϑϑϑϑ−=+−⋅=[°C]==(11Φ=where=Ci [-] Exponent in pipe section i (see Formula 13) SIST EN 15316-3:2018
EN 15316-3:2017 (E) 17 The exponent Ci for the calculation of the temperature drop after a tappi
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15316-3:2014
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Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3: Space distribution
systems (DHW, heating and cooling)
Heizungsanlagen und wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 3:
Wärmeverteilungssysteme (Trinkwarmwasser, Heizung und Kühlung)
Systèmes de chauffage et systèmes de refroidissement à eau dans les bâtiments -
Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 3:
Systèmes de distribution des locaux (eau chaude sanitaire, chauffage et refroidissement)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15316-3
ICS:
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
oSIST prEN 15316-3:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15316-3:2014
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oSIST prEN 15316-3:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15316-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2014
ICS 91.140.10; 91.140.30; 91.140.65 Will supersede EN 15316-2-3:2007, EN 15316-3-2:2007
English Version
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings -
Method for calculation of system energy requirements and
system efficiencies - Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW,
heating and cooling)
Systèmes de chauffage et systèmes de refroidissement à Heizungsanlagen und wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
eau dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 3: Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen -
Systèmes de distribution des locaux (eau chaude sanitaire, Teil 3: Wärmeverteilungssysteme (Trinkwarmwasser,
chauffage et refroidissement) Heizung und Kühlung)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 228.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15316-3:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 15316-3:2014 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Symbols and abbreviations .7
4.1 Symbols .7
4.2 Subscripts .8
5 Description of the methods .8
5.1 Output of the method .8
6 Calculation of heat losses and auxiliary energy of distribution systems.9
6.1 Output data .9
6.2 Calculation time steps . 10
6.3 Input data . 10
6.3.1 Source of data . 10
6.3.2 Product data . 10
6.3.3 Configuration and system design data . 11
6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions . 13
6.3.5 Constants and physical data . 13
6.4 Calculation procedure . 14
6.4.1 Applicable time step . 14
6.4.2 Heat loss calculation . 14
6.4.3 Auxiliary energy calculation . 18
7 Quality control . 22
8 Compliance check . 22
Annex A (informative) Input data . 23
A.1 Energy efficiency index of real water-pumps . 23
A.1.1 Product description data . 23
A.1.2 Product technical data . 23
Annex B (normative) Method selection . 24
B.1 General . 24
B.2 Selection between methods A and B . 24
Annex C (normative) Simplified input data correlations . 25
C.1 General . 25
C.2 Input correlations to the length of pipes in zones (buildings) . 25
C.2.1 Introduction . 25
C.2.2 Network for space heating and space cooling systems . 25
C.2.3 Network for domestic hot water systems . 28
C.3 Input correlations to linear thermal transmittance of pipes in zones (buildings) . 29
C.3.1 Introduction . 29
C.3.2 Network for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water systems . 30
C.4 Input correlations to constants for distribution pumps . 31
C.4.1 Introduction . 31
C.4.2 Constants for the calculation of the expenditure energy factor of distribution pumps . 31
C.4.3 Constants to take into account the product date EEI of real pumps . 31
2
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C.5 Input correlations to additional resistances and resistance ratio. 31
C.5.1 Introduction . 31
C.5.2 Network for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water systems . 32
Annex NA (normative) Sample national annex . 33
Bibliography . 36
3
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Foreword
This document (prEN 15316-3:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating
systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15316-2-3:2007 and EN 15316-3-2:2007.
The main changes compared to EN 15316-2-3:2007 and EN 15316-3-2:2007 are:
a) Space cooling systems were added;
b) unique calculation methods for the water-based distribution systems for the heat flux as well as for the
auxiliary energy of pumps introduced;
c) the standard was updated to cover hourly/monthly/yearly time-step.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
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Introduction
1)
This standard is part of a set of standards developed to support EPBD implementation, hereafter called
"EPB standards".
EPB standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing) to
provide the building services considered in the EPBD.
The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:
design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);
installation of heating systems;
commissioning of heating systems;
instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;
methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;
methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.
All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a
whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.
Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o product standards.
However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the
system requirements.
The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function
of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements
might be used if fulfilment can be proved.
Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In
some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated.
In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
Figure 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the EPB standards.
1) Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of
buildings (recast)
5
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Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
sub sub
M1 sub1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
1 1
1 General 1 General 1 General 15316-1 15316-1
Common terms
and definitions; Building Energy
2 2 2 Needs 12831-3 ?
symbols, units Needs
and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Conditions Maximum Load
3 Applications 3 3 12831-1 12831-3
without and Power
Systems
Ways to
Ways to Ways to
Express
4 Express Energy 4 Express Energy 4 15316-1 15316-1
Energy
Performance Performance
Performance
Building
Heat Transfer
Functions and Emission &
5 5 5
by 15316-2 15316-2
Building control
Transmission
Boundaries
Building
Heat Transfer
Occupancy and Distribution &
6 6 by Infiltration 6 15316-3 15316-3 15316-3
Operating control
and Ventilation
Conditions
Aggregation of
Energy Internal Storage & 15316-5
7 7 7 15316-5
Services and Heat Gains control 15316-4-3
Energy Carriers
Building Solar
8 8 8 Generation
Partitioning Heat Gains
Combustion 15316-4-
8-1 15316-4-1
boilers 1
15316-4- 15316-4-
8-2 Heat pumps 15316-4-2
2 2
Thermal solar 15316-4- 15316-4-
8-3 15316-4-3
Photovoltaics 3 3
On-site 15316-4- 15316-4-
8-4 15316-4-4
cogeneration 4 4
District heating 15316-4- 15316-4- 15316-4-
8-5 15316-4-5
and cooling 5 5 5
Direct electrical 15316-4-
8-6 15316-4-6
heater 6
15316-4-
8-7 Wind turbines
7
Radiant 15316-4-
8-8
heating, stoves 8
Load
Calculated Building
dispatching and
9 Energy 9 Dynamics 9
operating
Performance (thermal mass)
conditions
Measured Measured Measured
10 Energy 10 Energy 10 Energy 15378-3 15378-3
Performance Performance Performance
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection 15378-1 15378-1
Ways to
12 Express Indoor 12 -- 12 BMS
Comfort
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic 15459
14
Calculation -1
Figure 1 — Position of EN 15316-3 within the modular structure
6
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic Hot water
Lighting
Building automation
& control
Electricity
production
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1 Scope
This standard covers energy performance calculation of water based distribution systems for space heating,
space cooling and domestic hot water.
This standard deals with the heat flux from the distributed water to the space and the auxiliary energy of the
related pumps.
The heat flux and the auxiliary energy for pumps can be calculated at any time-step (hour, month and year).
The input and output data are mean values of the time step.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15316-1:2014, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 1: General and Energy performance expression
prEN 15603:2013, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching standard EPBD
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995, prEN 15603:2013,
and the following specific definitions apply.
3.1
tapping profile
depending on the definition in M8-3
3.2
setback
Operation Mode for pumps at the end of scheduled usage time
3.3
boost
Operation Mode for pumps before the begin of scheduled usage time
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this European Standard, the symbols given in prEN 15603:2013 and the specific symbols
listed in Table 1 apply
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
Tapping profile 1/h
η
Tap
Mean part load in a time step -
Expenditure energy factor -
ε
Primary energy related expenditure factor -
εP
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4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this European Standard, the subscripts given in prEN 15603:2013, and the specific
subscripts listed in Table 2 apply.
Table 2 — Subscripts
boost Boost heating
setb Setback mode
nom nominal heat loss
stub open circuited stubs
5 Description of the methods
5.1 Output of the method
This method covers the calculation of:
thermal loss of the distribution system for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the
zone;
recoverable thermal loss for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the zone;
auxiliary energy demand of distribution systems;
recoverable auxiliary energy in the zone for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the
zone;
recovered auxiliary energy in the zone for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water in the
zone.
The time step of the output can be according to the time-step of the input values:
hourly;
monthly;
yearly.
All input and output values are mean values in the corresponding time step.
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6 Calculation of heat losses and auxiliary energy of distribution systems
6.1 Output data
The output data of this method are listed in Table 3:
Table 3 — Output data of this method (1 of 2)
Description Symbol Unit Validity Intended Varying
interval destination
module
Thermal loss of the distribution Q kWh M3-1 Yes
H,dis,ls 0…∞
system for heating in the zone
Thermal loss of the distribution Q kWh 0…∞ M4-1 Yes
C,dis,ls
system for cooling in the zone
Thermal loss of the distribution Q kWh 0…∞ M8-1 Yes
W,dis,ls
system for DHW in the zone
Q
Recoverable thermal loss of the H,dis,rbl kWh 0…∞ M3-1 Yes
distribution system for heating in the
zone
Recoverable thermal loss of the QC,dis,rbl kWh 0…∞ M4-4 Yes
distribution system for cooling in the
zone
Recoverable thermal loss of the Q kWh 0…∞ M8-1 Yes
W,dis,rbl
distribution system for DHW in the
zone
Auxiliary energy for distribution W kWh M3-1 Yes
H,dis,aux 0…∞
system heating in the zone
Auxiliary energy for distribution W kWh 0…∞ M4-1 Yes
C,dis,aux
system cooling in the zone
Auxiliary energy for distribution W kWh 0…∞ M8-1 Yes
W,dis,aux
system DHW in the zone
Q
Recoverable auxiliary energy for H,dis,rbl kWh 0…∞ M3-1 Yes
distribution system heating in the
zone
Recoverable auxiliary energy for QC,dis,rbl kWh 0…∞ M4-1 Yes
distribution system cooling in the
zone
Recoverable auxiliary energy for Q kWh 0…∞ M8-1 Yes
W,dis,rbl
distribution system DHW in the zone
Q
Recovered auxiliary energy for H,dis,rvd kWh 0…∞ M3-1 Yes
distribution system heating in the
zone
Recovered auxiliary energy for Q kWh 0…∞ M4-1 Yes
C,dis,rvd
distribution system cooling in the
zone
Recovered auxiliary energy for Q kWh M8-1 Yes
W,dis,rvd 0…∞
distribution system DHW in the zone
Input temperature for distribution θ °C 0…∞ M3-7 Yes
H,dis,in
system heating
M3-8
Output temperature for distribution θ °C 0…∞ M3-7 Yes
H,dis,out
system heating
M3-8
Input temperature for distribution °C M4-7 Yes
θ 0…∞
C,dis,in
system cooling
M4-8
Output temperature for distribution °C M4-7 Yes
θ 0…∞
C,dis,out
system cooling
M4-8
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Table 3 — Output data of this method (2 of 2)
Description Symbol Unit Validity Intended Varying
interval destination
module
Input temperature for distribution °C M8-7 Yes
θ 0…∞
W,dis,in
system DHW
M84-8
Output temperature for distribution °C 0…∞ M8-7 Yes
θ
W,dis,out
system DHW
M8-8
Input energy of space heating QH,dis,in kW 0…∞ M3-7 Yes
distribution system
M3-8
Q
Input energy of space cooling C,dis,in kW 0…∞ M4-7 Yes
distribution system
M4-8
Input energy of DHW distribution Q kW M8-7 Yes
W,dis,in 0…∞
system
M8-8
Thermal expenditure energy factor - 0…∞ M3-1 Yes
εH,dis
for distribution system heating
Thermal expenditure energy factor ε - 0…∞ M4-1 Yes
C,dis
for distribution system cooling
Thermal expenditure energy factor ε - 0…∞ M8-1 Yes
W,dis
for distribution system DHW
Primary related expenditure energy - M3-1 Yes
ε , 0…∞
P H,dis
factor for distribution system heating
Primary related expenditure energy - 0…∞ M4-1 Yes
ε ,
P C,dis
factor for distribution system cooling
Primary related expenditure energy ε , - 0…∞ M8-1 Yes
P W,dis
factor for distribution system DHW
The input and output temperatures for the distribution system must be calculated in the general part –
depending on the heat loss of the distribution system and the heating curve.
6.2 Calculation time steps
The methods described in clause 6 are suitable for the following calculation time steps:
hourly;
monthly;
yearly.
For this method, the output time step is the same as the input time-step. This method does not take into
account any dynamic effect. This method can be used within a dynamic calculation scheme.
6.3 Input data
6.3.1 Source of data
Not relevant.
6.3.2 Product data
6.3.2.1 Product description data (qualitative)
Not relevant.
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6.3.2.2 Product technical data (quantitative)
2)
According to the ErP-Regulations water-pumps are certified with an energy efficiency index EEI (see
Table 4). Circulation pumps are not included in this regulation. The EEI-value is determined by a
measurement procedure. If the EEI of a real pump is known it can be taken into account.
Table 4 — Product technical input data list
Characteristics Symbol Catalogue Computed Validity Ref. Varying
unit Unit interval
Energy efficiency index EEI - 0…1 YES
Default data is given in Annex A.
6.3.3 Configuration and system design data
6.3.3.1 Process design
The input data of the process design are listed in Table 5:
Table 5 — Process design input data list
Process design
Tapping profile η 1/h
tap
number of operations of circulation pump η 1/d
nom
average hot water temperature in circulation system without operation °C
θ
W,avg
resistance ratio of components in the piping system f
comp
pressure loss per length R kPa/m
HCW,max
p
pressure losses of additional resistances HCW,add kPa
calculated heat load of a zone kW
,em.out
calculated heat load or cooling load of a zone kW
C,em.out
design temperature difference in the distribution circuit - heating K
θH,
dis,des
design temperature difference in the distribution circuit - cooling K
θ
C,dis,des
design temperature difference in the circulation circuit K
θ
W,circ
Primary energy factor for thermal energy carrier f
X,Y
f
Primary energy factor for electrical energy carrier X,Z
2) Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework
for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (ErP)
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6.3.3.2 Control
This identifier (see Table 6) indicates how the pump is controlled.
Table 6 — Identifiers for pump control
Identifier Code Meaning
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 0 Uncontrolled
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 1 On-off mode
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 2 Multi-stage-control
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 3 Variable Speed control based on p-constant
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL_PMP 4 Variable Speed control based on p-variabel
In this standard it is distinguished only between the codes 0, 3 and 4.
This identifier (see Table 7) indicates how the pump is operating in intermittent control of emission and/or
distribution.
Table 7 — Identifiers for pump control (intermittent)
Identifier Code Meaning
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 0 No automatic control
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 1 Fixed time program
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 2 control with optimum start/stop
HEAT_DISTR_CTRL 3 Control with demand evaluation
In this standard it is distinguished only between the codes 0, 2 / 3.
The values are corresponding to EN 15232.
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6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions
Required operating conditions data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 8.
Table 8 — Operating conditions data list
Name Symbol Unit Range Origin Varying
Module
Operating conditions
Input temperature of the heating θ °C 0.110 M3-5 YES
H,em,in
emitters
Output temperature of the heating θ °C 0.110 M3-5 YES
H,em,out
emitters
V
Flowrate in the heating circuit m³/h 0… YES
H
Input temperature of the cooling °C 0.110 M4-5 YES
θ
C,em,in
emitters
Output temperature of the cooling °C 0.110 M4-5 YES
θC,em,out
emitters
V
Flowrate in the cooling circuit C m³/h 0… YES
Temperature of DHW θ °C 30.70 M8-1 YES
W
Temperature difference between hot K 2…10 M8-1 YES
θ
W
water tapping temperature to the
return temperature in a circulation
loop system
calculation interval t h 1…8760 M1-9 YES
ci
total time operation t h 0…8760 M1-6 YES
op
Surrounding zone temperature in the θ °C -30…+30 M2-2 YES
ah,H
calculation interval at heating period
Surrounding zone temperature in the °C -30…+30 M2-2 YES
θ
ah,C
calculation interval at cooling period
Surrounding zone temperature in the °C -30…+30 M2-2 YES
θ
ah,W
calculation interval at DHW period
time after a tapping before next t h 0…24 M2-2 YES
atap
tapping
T
operation time of the distribution HCW,op h 0.8760 M2-2 YES
system
6.3.5 Constants and physical data
Table 9 indicates constants and physical data.
Table 9 — Constants and physical data
Name Symbol Unit Value
(specific heat ∙ density) of water c∙ρ kWh/(m³·K) 1,15
w w
Specific heat of water c kWh/(kg∙K) 1,163
w
Density of water kg/m³ 990
ρ
w
Factor for pump selection b - 1 at design point
b - 2 different from design
point
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6.4 Calculation procedure
6.4.1 Applicable time step
The procedure can be used with the following time steps:
hourly;
monthly;
yearly.
No dynamic effects are explicitly taken into account because there are no significant time constants.
This procedure is not suitable for dynamic simulations.
6.4.2 Heat loss calculation
The heat loss calculation of a distribution system is based on the mean water supply temperature, the
surrounding temperature in a space, the thermal transmittance of the pipes, the length of the pipes and the
operation time.
The mean water temperature in the distribution syste
...
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