SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications operating in all or part of the frequency band from 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz. Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications. The scope is limited to radars operated as short range devices (because of their usage and design), in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft. The radar applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the free space and means shall be taken to keep it to a minimum.
NOTE 1: Equipment using the frequencies typically below 100 MHz may use higher output power for geophysical applications and therefore, may not fulfil the emission requirements set out in the present document.
NOTE 2: Equipment covered by the present document is used by competent professional personnel. The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a "wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector.
4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different frequencies.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications.
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) – Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) – Vrste uporabe radarja za sondiranje tal in zidov – 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 066-1 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006en01-marec-2006SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06)European Standard (Telecommunications series) Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications;Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 2
Reference DEN/ERM-TG31A-0112-2-1 Keywords radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2005. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 3
Contents Intellectual Property Rights.5 Foreword.5 1 Scope.6 2 References.7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.7 3.1 Definitions.7 3.2 Symbols.8 3.3 Abbreviations.8 4 Technical requirements specifications.8 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.8 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing.9 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design.9 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment.9 4.4 General requirements for RF cables.9 4.5 Interpretation of the measurement results.9 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures.10 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions.10 5.2 External test power source.10 5.3 Normal test conditions.10 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.10 5.3.2 Normal test power source.10 5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.10 5.3.2.2 Other power sources.10 5.4 Extreme test conditions.11 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.11 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.11 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.11 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.11 5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.11 5.4.2.2 Other power sources.11 6 General conditions.11 6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.11 6.2 Measuring receiver.12 7 Measurement uncertainty.12 8 Methods of measurement and limits.12 8.1 Frequency band of operation.13 8.1.1 Definition.13 8.1.2 Method of measurement.13 8.1.3 Limits.13 8.2 Emissions.13 8.2.1 Definition.13 8.2.2 Method of measurement.13 8.2.3 Limits.15 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements.16 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.16 A.1.1 Test antenna.16 A.1.2 Measuring antenna.16 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites.17 A.2.1 Verification of the test site.17 SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 4
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.17 A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.17 A.2.4 Range length.17 A.2.5 Site preparation.18 A.2.6 Conversion of field strength to power limits.18 Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism.19 Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications.20 Annex D (informative): Bibliography.21 History.22
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 5
Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure. For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications, as identified below: Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods"; Part 2: "Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Proposed national transposition dates Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
6 months after doa Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 6
1 Scope The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications operating in all or part of the frequency band from 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz. Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications. The scope is limited to radars operated as short range devices (because of their usage and design), in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft. The radar applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the free space and means shall be taken to keep it to a minimum. NOTE 1: Equipment using the frequencies typically below 100 MHz may use higher output power for geophysical applications and therefore, may not fulfil the emission requirements set out in the present document. NOTE 2: Equipment covered by the present document is used by competent professional personnel. The present document applies to: 1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission. 2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a "wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar. 3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector. 4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different frequencies. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications. SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 7
2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. [1] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". [2] ANSI C63.5-2004: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control-Calibration of Antennas (9 kHz to 40 GHz)". [3] ETSI TR 102 273-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber". [4] ETSI TR 102 273-4: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 4: Open area test site". [5] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [6] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement". [7] ETSI EN 302 066-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; Part 2: Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long time to cover all PRI variations radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 8
3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: E Electrical field strength f Frequency fc Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum. fH Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation fL Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation P Power R Distance t Time λ wavelength 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: dB deciBel dBi gain in deciBels relative to an isotropic antenna e.r.p. effective radiated power EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EUT Equipment Under Test GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar, Sub-surface Radar or Ground Radar IF Input Frequency LNA Low Noise Amplifier OATS Open Area Test Site PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency PRI Pulse Repetition Interval PSD Power Spectral Density R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment RBW Resolution BandWidth RF Radio Frequency SA Spectrum Analyser SRD Short Range Device VBW Video BandWidth VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio WPR Wall Probing Radar 4 Technical requirements specifications 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate. The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing. Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be supplied. The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for testing purposes (clause 5), conditions of testing (clause 6) and the measurement methods (clause 8). SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 9
Equipment shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions. 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory. In addition, when a device has the capability of using different imaging heads, each one shall be tested independently. 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services. Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units. 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing. 4.4 General requirements for RF cables Due to the low power levels involved in the measurements, all RF cables including their connectors at both ends used within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of coaxial type featuring within the frequency range they are used: • a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω; • a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end; • a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB. 4.5 Interpretation of the measurement results The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be as follows: • the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present document; • the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report; • the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall, for each measurement, be equal to, or lower than, the figures in the table of measurement uncertainty (clause 7). SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 10 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions Testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions. The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4. 5.2 External test power source During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and extreme test voltages. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment. During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements. 5.3 Normal test conditions 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: • temperature:
+15°C to +35°C; • relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report. 5.3.2 Normal test power source The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. 5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source The normal test voltage for equipment shall be a regulated lead-acid battery power source. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed. When the radio equipment is intended for operation with the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source, the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (e.g. 6 V, 12 V, etc.). 5.3.2.2 Other power sources For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall be stated in the test report. SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 11 5.4 Extreme test conditions 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period. If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur. 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits: • temperature: -20°C to +55°C. 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages 5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The extreme test voltages for equipment shall be the nominal voltage ±10 %. 5.4.2.2 Other power sources For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report. 6 General conditions 6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d2/λ, where d = largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement. Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in published guidelines/standards. It may not be possible to measure at the power limits without low-noise amplification to reduce the overall noise figure of the overall measurement system at a separation of approximately 3 meters in an RF quite environment. Move to lower separation distance may be required since the instrumentation noise floor should be as high as 10 dB above the limit within the instrument bandwidth. SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006
ETSI Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06) 12 6.2 Measuring receiver The term measuring receiver refers to a spectrum analyser. The reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver as defined in CISPR 16-1 [1] shall be as given in table 1. Table 1: Reference bandwidth of measuring receiver Frequency being measured: f
Spectrum analyser bandwidth (3 dB) 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 000 MHz 100 kHz 1 000 MHz ≤ f 1 MHz
7 Measurement uncertainty Interpretation of the results recorded in the test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be as follows: • the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present document; • the value of the measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each parameter shall be separately included in the test report; • the value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than the figures in table 2. Table 2: Measurement uncertainty Parameter Uncertainty RF frequency ±1 × 10-7 RF power, radiated ±6 dB Temperature ±1 K
Humidity ±5 %
For the test methods, according to the present document the uncertainty figures shall be calculated according to the methods described in TR 100 028 [5] and shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2 (which provide confidence levels of respectively 95 % and 95,45 % in cases where the distributions characterizing the actual measurement uncertainties are normal (Gaussian)). Table 2 is based on such expansion factors. The particular expansion factor used for the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty shall be stated. 8 Methods of measurement and limits Where the transmitter is designed with adjustable carrier power, then all transmitter parameters shall be measured using the highest peak power level, as declared by the provider. When making transmitter tests on equipment designed for in
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.