SIST EN 15759-1:2012
(Main)Conservation of cultural property - Indoor climate - Part 1: Guidelines for heating churches, chapels and other places of worship
Conservation of cultural property - Indoor climate - Part 1: Guidelines for heating churches, chapels and other places of worship
The objective is to provide recommendations for the heating of historic churches in order to prevent damage to the buildings and their contents.
i. For conservation heating where the only concern is preservation of the historic building and its contents, with no care for thermal comfort of people,
ii. For heating for thermal comfort where the concern is on an optimal balance between an acceptable comfort for those using the church and limiting risk to the historic building and its contents.
iii. For both heating strategies, impact on the building structure and reversibility will be considered.
Ventilation is not covered by this standard.
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Raumklima - Teil 1: Leitfäden für die Beheizung von Andachtsstätten
Dieses Dokument liefert Empfehlungen für die Beheizung von Kirchen, um Beschädigungen am kulturellen Erbe, den Gebäudestrukturen und den Artefakten zu verhindern.
i) Für die Beheizung zu Erhaltungszwecken, bei der es ausschließlich um die Erhaltung des Gebäudes und der darin aufbewahrten Gegenstände geht und die thermische Behaglichkeit der Menschen unberücksichtigt bleibt.
ii) Für die Beheizung zu Zwecken der thermischen Behaglichkeit, bei der es um das Erzielen eines optimalen Gleichgewichts zwischen einer annehmbaren Behaglichkeit für die Personen, die die Kirche nutzen, und die Begrenzung des Risikos für das Gebäude und die darin aufbewahrten Gegenstände geht.
iii) Bei beiden Heizstrategien werden der Einfluss auf die Gebäudestruktur und die Umkehrbarkeit berücksichtigt.
Die Lüftung wird durch diese Norm nicht abgedeckt.
Conservation des biens culturels - Environnement intérieur - Partie 1 : Recommandations pour le chauffage des églises, chapelles et autres édifices cultuels
Le présent document fournit des recommandations relatives au chauffage des églises dans le but de prévenir la dégradation des biens culturels, des structures des bâtiments et des objets.
i) recommandations relatives au chauffage pour la conservation, dont le seul objectif est de préserver le bâtiment et son contenu, indépendamment du confort des personnes ;
ii) recommandations relatives au chauffage pour confort thermique dont l’objectif est d’atteindre un équilibre optimal entre le confort acceptable des personnes qui fréquentent l’église et la limitation des risques pour le bâtiment et son contenu ;
iii) pour ces deux objectifs, prise en compte de la réversibilité et de l’impact sur la structure du bâtiment.
La présente norme ne traite pas de la ventilation.
Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine - Notranje okolje - 1. del: Smernice za ogrevanje verskih objektov
Cilj je zagotoviti priporočila za ogrevanje zgodovinskih cerkva, da se prepreči škoda na zgradbah in njihovi vsebini.
i. za ohranitveno ogrevanje, kjer je edina skrb ohranitev zgodovinskih zgradb in njihove vsebine, brez skrbi za toplotno udobje ljudi;
ii. za ogrevanje za toplotno udobje, kjer je poudarek na optimalnem ravnotežju med sprejemljivim udobjem za tiste, ki uporabljajo cerkev, in mejnim tveganjem za zgodovinsko zgradbo in njeno vsebino;
iii. pri obeh ogrevalnih strategijah se upošteva vpliv na strukture zgradbe in reverzibilnost.
Prezračevanje ni zajeto v tem standardu.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Raumklima - Teil 1: Leitfäden für die Beheizung von AndachtsstättenConservation des biens culturels - Environnement intérieur - Partie 1 : Recommandations pour le chauffage des églises, chapelles et autres édifices cultuelsConservation of cultural property - Indoor climate - Part 1: Guidelines for heating churches, chapels and other places of worship97.195Umetniški in obrtniški izdelkiItems of art and handicraftsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15759-1:2011SIST EN 15759-1:2012en,fr,de01-januar-2012SIST EN 15759-1:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15759-1
November 2011 ICS 97.195 English Version
Conservation of cultural property - Indoor climate - Part 1: Guidelines for heating churches, chapels and other places of worship
Conservation des biens culturels - Environnement intérieur - Partie 1 : Recommandations pour le chauffage des églises, chapelles et autres édifices cultuels
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Raumklima - Teil 1: Leitfäden für die Beheizung von Andachtsstätten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 October 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15759-1:2011: ESIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51 Scope .62 Normative references .63 Terms and definitions .64 General aspects to be considered before and during the application of the standard .84.1 Overall objective of any intervention .84.2 The individual character of the building .84.3 Professional support .84.4 The effect of installations .84.5 Sustainability and energy efficiency .85 Assessment of building, interiors and contents .85.1 Building structure and its condition .85.2 Building interiors and contents .95.3 Use of the building.95.4 Air exchange .96 Specification for indoor climate .96.1 Determine the appropriate indoor climate .96.2 Establish the historic indoor climate . 106.3 Indoor climate specification for conservation . 106.3.1 General . 106.3.2 Relative humidity . 106.3.3 Temperature . 106.3.4 Air movement . 116.4 Indoor climate specification for thermal comfort . 116.4.1 General . 116.4.2 Relative humidity . 116.4.3 Temperature . 116.4.4 Air movement . 116.5 Compromise between thermal comfort and conservation . 117 Heating strategies . 127.1 Choice of heating strategy . 127.2 Basic strategies . 127.2.1 No heating . 127.2.2 Conservation heating . 137.2.3 Heating for thermal comfort . 137.3 Distribution in space . 137.3.1 General heating . 137.3.2 Local heating . 137.4 Distribution in time . 137.4.1 Continuous heating . 137.4.2 Intermittent heating . 147.4.3 Mixed mode heating . 148 Heating systems and their application . 148.1 Warm-air heating. 148.1.1 General . 148.1.2 Centralised warm-air heating system . 148.1.3 Decentralised warm-air heating system . 148.1.4 Application . 15SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 3 8.1.5 Thermal comfort . 158.1.6 Conservation . 158.2 Infrared heating . 158.2.1 General . 158.2.2 IR heating from gas combustion . 158.2.3 IR heating from electric tubular and halogen quartz heaters . 168.2.4 Thermal comfort . 168.2.5 Conservation . 168.2.6 Application . 168.3 Radiators . 168.3.1 General . 168.3.2 Thermal comfort . 168.3.3 Conservation . 168.3.4 Application . 168.4 Wall heating through pipes mounted in or on the inside of the walls . 178.4.1 General . 178.4.2 Thermal comfort . 178.4.3 Conservation . 178.4.4 Application . 178.5 Under floor heating . 178.5.1 General . 178.5.2 Thermal comfort . 178.5.3 Conservation . 178.5.4 Application . 188.6 Pew heating . 188.6.1 General . 188.6.2 Thermal comfort . 188.6.3 Conservation . 188.6.4 Application . 188.6.5 Pew heating systems . 189 Implementation . 1910 Evaluation. 2011 Comments on the application of this standard . 20Annex A (informative)
Flow chart giving an overview of the standard . 21Bibliography . 22 SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15759-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural property”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 5 Introduction Churches, chapels and other places of worship such as mosques and synagogues (referred to collectively in the text of this standard as “places of worship”) are an important part of European cultural heritage. The buildings and their interiors, containing cultural heritage objects, are documents of our heritage that society agrees need to be preserved for present and future generations. The indoor climate is a critical factor in conserving the fabric of buildings and the objects they house. This European Standard is motivated by the need to reflect the special characteristics of places of worship, conditions which are not addressed in standards for the heating of other kinds of buildings. The defining characteristics of these buildings are their construction (often early building techniques); the fact that they were not designed as living or working spaces; their intermittent use; and the vulnerability of their surface decoration and contents. Originally, most historic places of worship had little or no heating. Nowadays, buildings in cold climate regions may be heated in order to: a) provide thermal comfort for worshippers, staff and visitors (referred collectively in this text as “users”); b) improve the indoor climate conditions for the conservation of the building and its contents; c) achieve a combination of (a) and (b) in buildings where both conservation and thermal comfort have to be considered. The conventional climate requirements for thermal comfort can sometimes be in conflict with the requirements for conservation and may therefore call for compromise. A decision on changing or replacing the heating system in a place of worship generally depends on a variety of factors: the pattern of use of the building (e.g. frequency, numbers of users, opening hours for visitors), its liturgical uses, the significance, condition, and vulnerability of the building and its often valuable contents, thermal comfort of the users, costs (installation, operation and maintenance), energy efficiency and sustainability, visual and audible impact, aesthetics, impact on the building structure, safety, and national laws and regulations. This standard provides guidelines in order to facilitate the best possible decision on behalf of the end users. The standard is divided into the following steps:
a) assessment of the building, its interior and contents; b) determine an indoor climate specification with respect to conservation and thermal comfort; c) determine an appropriate heating strategy; d) select and design an appropriate heating system; e) implement the proposed changes; f) evaluate the effectiveness of the heating system with respect to the specification. This is the first standard in a series of standards on indoor climate and climate control in cultural heritage buildings. The air exchange of a building has a fundamental influence on its indoor climate and climate control; general considerations are given in Clause 5. Ventilation will be dealt with fully in the second part of the series of standards on indoor climate in cultural heritage buildings, prEN 15759-2, Conservation of cultural property — Indoor climate — Part 2: Ventilation. SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard provides guidelines for the selection of heating strategies and heating systems in churches, chapels and other places of worship such as mosques and synagogues, in order to prevent damage to cultural property while at the same time creating an indoor climate that allows for a sustainable use of these buildings. It applies to most kinds of places of worship regardless of size and construction. This European Standard applies not only to the introduction of new heating systems but also to the replacement of old ones. This European Standard applies to buildings that are part of cultural heritage or that house cultural heritage objects. This European Standard deals with indoor climate conditions, heating strategies and technical solutions for their implementation but not with the technical equipment itself. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15757, Conservation of Cultural Property — Specifications for temperature and relative humidity to limit climate-induced mechanical damage in organic hygroscopic materials EN 15758, Conservation of Cultural Property — Procedures and instruments for measuring temperatures of the air and the surfaces of objects prEN 160951), Conservation of cultural property — Condition report of movable heritage — Visual inspection and description of the condition of movable heritage prEN 160961), Conservation of cultural property — Condition survey of immovable heritage prEN 162421), Conservation of cultural property — Procedures and instruments for measuring humidity in the air and moisture exchanges between air and cultural property EN ISO 7730, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria (ISO 7730:2005) EN ISO 11079:2007, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Determination and interpretation of cold stress when using required clothing insulation (IREQ) and local cooling effects (ISO 11079:2007) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 climate statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, and other meteorological elements in a given location over a long period of time 3.2 preservation heating heating used to improve the indoor climate for conservation purposes
1) Under publication. SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 7 3.3 continuous heating permanent heating of a building throughout the cold period of the year 3.4 cultural heritage tangible and intangible entities of significance to present and future generations 3.5 dew point temperature to which humid air must be cooled for water vapour to condense into liquid water 3.6 general heating heating of the whole building volume 3.7 historic climate description of the climate over a representative period of time 3.8 indoor climate climate inside a room or a building 3.9 intermittent heating heating of a building operated for limited periods of time 3.10 local heating heating a limited space in the building
3.11 microclimate climate in part of a building or a room where the climate differs from the surrounding climate 3.12 mixed mode heating combination of continuous and intermittent heating, where the building is continually kept at a low temperature and heated to a higher temperature only when it is used 3.13 natural indoor climate indoor climate of a building without heating, forced ventilation or any other kind of active climate control 3.14 outdoor climate climate outside of a building 3.15 target range of RH variations range of RH variations that must be maintained to avoid climate induced damages 3.16 thermal comfort state of mind that expresses satisfaction with the surrounding environment
3.17 thermal stratification vertical layering of air temperatures in a building SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 8 4 General aspects to be considered before and during the application of the standard 4.1 Overall objective of any intervention The reason for a proposed intervention shall be clearly defined with respect to the conservation and use of the building. As long as the historic indoor climate is not causing any damage, it need not necessarily be altered unless change in use or other requirements make it necessary. Heating is not an objective in itself. 4.2 The individual character of the building This European Standard is based on the notion that places of worship in general share enough common characteristics for a standard to be meaningful. On the other hand, it recognizes that the control of the indoor climate of each building is a complex task which requires taking into account many factors particular to the individual building, its contents, its use and its context. Therefore, this European Standard shall be applied with understanding and respect for the individual character of each building. 4.3 Professional support The process of designing a new or altering an existing heating system shall be carried out by a multidisciplinary team in close consultation with the users of the building. The team shall include all relevant expertise, including specialists professionally qualified in the conservation of structures and heritage items, and in all other relevant technical aspects involved. 4.4 The effect of installations For all installations related to changes in the heating system, the following factors shall be considered: structural alterations to the building related to ducting, pipe work, cabling etc shall be avoided unless absolutely necessary. The need for equipment rooms shall be considered at an early stage; installations involving damage to walls or the excavation of floors shall be subject to prior inspection comment and agreement by the relevant experts and authorities. Special attention must be paid to hidden paint layers and to the under floor archaeology of the building, including tombs and earlier construction phases; reduction of additional damaging interventions, the lifespan of the proposed installations shall be given greater priority than is generally the case for modern buildings; installations chosen shall be as visually unobtrusive as possible; account shall be taken of any light and sound emitted by heating installations which may be disturbing to the users. 4.5 Sustainability and energy efficiency Sustainability in general and energy efficiency in particular should be considered at each step in the application of this standard. Given the specification for indoor climate based on conservation aspects and the use of the building, heating strategies and systems shall be chosen in order to minimise the use of energy and the environmental impact. 5 Assessment of building, interiors and contents 5.1 Building structure and its condition Before deciding on a new or modified heating system, it is important to establish whether: SIST EN 15759-1:2012
EN 15759-1:2011 (E) 9 the perceived need for intervention is related to the climate envelope of the building itself rather than the need for a new or improved the heating system;
parts of the building would be at risk if the heating strategy or heating system was altered. For these purposes, a condition survey of the building is required. The European Standard prEN 16096 provides guidelines for condition survey of immovable cultural heritage objects. In the survey, special attention shall be paid to the building envelope: moisture transport, air tightness and thermal insulation. The survey shall also include the condition and functionality of existing heating installations. 5.2 Building interiors and contents The condition of the surface decoration and significant contents shall be surveyed. The European Standard prEN 16095 provides guidelines on condition report, visual inspection and description of movable cultural heritage. In the survey, special attention shall be paid to the condition of wall paintings, some of which may be hidden under layers of plaster or paint, and to that of stone monuments, stained glass, painted and unpainted woodwork, canvas paintings, textiles (e.g. banners), metalwork (e.g. lecterns and brasses) and objects of mixed materials such as organs. 5.3 Use of the building The initial assessment shall include a description of the heating demand in relation to the present and planned use of the building, and is to take into account patterns of worship and visiting; liturgical arrangements, performances and secular activities. 5.4 Air exchange The air exchange of a building, whether it is due to mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation or infiltration, (leakage) can have a significant influence on the indoor climate and hence on climate control decision-making. Although this standard is limited to heating, it is essential to consider the two in tandem. When choosing a heating strategy and designing a heating system, the following aspects of air exchange shall be taken into account: unnecessary air exchange will increase both energy and power demand in order to counteract its effects on temperature and/or humidity; depending on outdoor climate conditions in relation to indoor conditions, air exchange can sometimes reduce humidity levels, sometimes having the reverse effect; therefore it has to be considered in parallel with heating strategies designed to control internal humidity; controlled ventilation can be an alternative to heating when high humidity is a problem; air exchange creates air motions that may affect conditions both for thermal comfort and for conservation. 6 Specification for indoor climate 6.1 Determine the appropriate indoor climate In order to determine the appropriate indoor climate with respect to conservation and thermal comfort, the following steps shall be taken: a) establish the historic indoor climate; b) determine an indoor climate specification for conservation; c) determine an indoor climate specifi
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