SIST EN 12697-39:2005
(Main)Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 39: Binder content by ignition
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 39: Binder content by ignition
This European Standard describes a test method for the determination of the binder content of samples of bituminous mixtures by ignition. As such, it is an alternative to the more traditional method of extracting the binder using solvents. The method can be used for evaluation of mixture composition because the remaining aggregate can be used for determining aggregate gradation and density provided excessive breakdown of the aggregate particles does not occur at the temperature reached. The results can be used for process control or checks on the compliance of mixtures. However, the need for calibration of a mixture or its component materials before an analysis can be carried out makes this method easier to use with regularly used mixtures rather than with an extensive range of different mixtures from different aggregate sources. The test method is equally suitable for the analysis of mixtures containing unmodified or modified binders because the method has to be calibrated for each mixture being checked when calibration on mixtures is used.
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 39: Bindemittelgehalt durch Thermoanalyse
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die Verfahren, die bei der Bestimmung des Bindemittelgehaltes von Asphalt-Proben durch Thermoanalyse durchzuführen sind. Als solche stellen sie eine Alternative zum eher traditionellen Verfahren der Bindemittelextraktion mit Lösemitteln dar. Das Verfahren kann zur Bewertung der Mischgutzusammensetzung verwendet werden, weil die verbleibenden Gesteinskörnungen zur Bestimmung der Korngrößenverteilung der Gesteinskörnungen und der Dichte verwendet werden können, vorausgesetzt, dass bei der erreichten Temperatur kein übermäßiger Zerfall der Gesteinskörnungen auftritt. Die Ergebnisse können zur Prozesslenkung oder Überprüfung der Übereinstimmung von Mischgütern verwendet werden. Die Notwendigkeit der Kalibrierung eines Mischgutes bevor eine Untersuchung durchgeführt werden kann, führt jedoch dazu, dass es bei regelmäßig verwendeten Mischgütern zu bevorzugen ist.
ANMERKUNG 1 Die Kalibrierung kann am gesamten Mischgut oder nur an den im Mischgut verwendeten Gesteinskörnungen durchgeführt werden, ersteres ist jedoch zu bevorzugen (besonders bei Mischgütern mit einem hohen Bindemittelgehalt).
ANMERKUNG 2 Bei Änderungen im Mischgut, einschließlich Änderungen von Bestandteilen oder deren Anteilen, ist eine erneute Kalibrierung erforderlich.
Das Prüfverfahren ist ebenso geeignet für die Untersuchung von Mischgütern mit nicht modifizierten oder modifizierten Bindemitteln, weil das Verfahren für jedes zu überprüfende Mischgut zu kalibrieren ist.
Wenn die Kalibrierung nicht auf im Labor hergestelltem Asphalt beruht, muss als Referenzverfahren die Untersuchung von Asphalt-Mischgütern nach EN 12697-1 angewendet werden.
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné a chaud - Partie 39: Détermination de la teneur en liant par calcination
La présente Norme européenne décrit les procédures a suivre pour la détermination de la teneur en liant d'échantillons de mélanges bitumineux par calcination. Comme telle, elle représente une alternative a la méthode plus traditionnelle d'extraction de liant au moyen de solvants. La méthode peut etre utilisée pour l'évaluation de la composition d'un mélange, les granulats résultants pouvant servir a déterminer la granularité et la masse volumique du granulat a condition que les grains n'aient pas subi des éclatements excessifs a cause de la température atteinte. Les résultats peuvent etre utilisés pour la maîtrise de la fabrication ou pour des vérifications de conformité des mélanges. Toutefois, la nécessité de calibrer un mélange avant de réaliser une analyse rend cette méthode préférable pour des mélanges utilisés régulierement, plutôt que pour des familles de mélanges comportant des composants d'origines variées. La méthode d'essai est applicable également pour des mélanges comportant des liants modifiés ou non, le calibrage étant effectué pour chaque mélange a analyser.
Bitumenske zmesi – Preskusne metode za vroče asfaltne zmesi – 39. del: Delež veziva ob žarenju
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 39: Bindemittelgehalt durch ThermoanalyseMélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné a chaud - Partie 39: Détermination de la teneur en liant par calcinationBituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 39: Binder content by ignition93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12697-39:2004SIST EN 12697-39:2005en01-januar-2005SIST EN 12697-39:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12697-39October 2004ICS 93.080.20 English versionBituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part39: Binder content by ignitionMélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélangehydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 39: Détermination de lateneur en liant par calcinationAsphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 39:Bindemittelgehalt durch ThermoanalyseThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 July 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12697-39:2004: ESIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword.3 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Principle.8 5 Apparatus.8 6 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures.9 7 Procedure.10 8 Calculation.12 9 Test report.14 10 Precision data.14 Annex A (normative)
Calculation of calibration value.15 Annex B (informative)
Aggregate grading.20 Bibliography.21
SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12697-39:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005. This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 1: Soluble binder content EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary evaporator EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 4: Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 5: Determination of the maximum density EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 9: Determination of the reference density EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt − Part 10: Compactability EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 13: Temperature measurement EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 14: Water content EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 4 EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 17: Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 18: Binder drainage EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 19: Permeability of specimen EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 20: Indentation using cube or Marshall specimens EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 21: Indentation using plate specimens EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 22: Wheel tracking EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 24: Resistance to fatigue prEN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 25: Cyclic compression test EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 26: Stiffness EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of bituminous specimen EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 30: Specimen preparation by impact compactor EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 34: Marshall test EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 35: Laboratory mixing EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 36: Determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 5 EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 38: Common equipment and calibration EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 39: Binder content by ignition prEN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 40: In-situ drainability prEN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 41: Resistance to de-icing fluids prEN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 42: Amount of foreign matters in reclaimed asphalt prEN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 43: Resistance to fuel No existing European Standard is superseded. WARNING — The temperature of the oven and the different accessories is extremely high during the ignition method. Special care shall be taken when handling the equipment and the samples baskets etc. should be placed, shielded and marked in a way that any unpremeditated contact is avoided. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 6 1 Scope This document describes a test method for the determination of the binder content of samples of bituminous mixtures by ignition. As such, it is an alternative to the more traditional method of extracting the binder using solvents. The method can be used for evaluation of mixture composition because the remaining aggregate can be used for determining aggregate gradation and density provided excessive breakdown of the aggregate particles does not occur at the temperature reached. The results can be used for process control or checks on the compliance of mixtures. However, the need for calibration of a mixture or its component materials before an analysis can be carried out makes this method easier to use with regularly used mixtures rather than with an extensive range of different mixtures from different aggregate sources. The test method is equally suitable for the analysis of mixtures containing unmodified or modified binders because the method has to be calibrated for each mixture being checked when calibration on mixtures is used. In case of doubt/dispute, the determination of the calibration value based on laboratory-prepared bituminous mixtures (see A.1 and A.2) is the reference method. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12597, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Terminology. EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content. EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content. EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling. EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading. ISO 5725 (all parts), Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 binder covers both bitumen and bituminous binder as described in EN 12597 3.2 corrected binder content calculated binder content after correction by the calibration value in order to compensate for components in the asphalt material itself that, due to the high temperatures during ignition, could give rise to misinterpretations 3.3 calibration value mean difference between the actual and measured binder contents for a particular bituminous mixture, in per cent, as measured from three samples SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 7 NOTE 1 The calibration value is a specific, material-dependent value that normally is due to a loss of mass during the ignition from constituents in the mixture other than the binder. The principle of the binder content by ignition is based upon a pre-determination of the corrections for the constituents used in the mixture, primarily the aggregate. NOTE 2 Mineral aggregate will show varying loss of mass during the test depending on their origin (petrographic composition). Examples of components that give rise to high corrections are limestone, hydrated lime and cellulose fibres. NOTE 3 Methods for determining the calibration values are given in Annex A (normative). 3.4 target temperature temperature to which the furnace would raise the sample in the test without the rise in temperature due to the exothermic reaction of burning the binder NOTE The target temperature (usually 540 °C) is determined during the calibration. 3.5 test completion time time from when the temperature in the furnace returns to the target temperature after the initial rise above that temperature to when the test is completed with the sample having nominally reached constant mass NOTE If a furnace with an internal balance is used, the completion time is when the loss of mass between individual readings taken at 1 min intervals for three consecutive minutes is less than a constant mass limit. If a furnace without an internal balance is used, the completion time is when the change in the mass of the sample after further ignition for 15 min is less than a constant mass limit. 3.6 precision closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions NOTE 1 Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value or the specified value. NOTE 2 The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard deviation of the test results. Less precision is reflected by a larger standard deviation. NOTE 3 "Independent test results" means results obtained in a manner not influenced by any previous result on the same or similar test object. Quantitative measures of precision depend critically on the stipulated conditions. Repeatability and reproducibility conditions are particular sets of extreme conditions. 3.7 repeatability precision under repeatability conditions 3.8 repeatability conditions conditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within short intervals of time 3.9 repeatability limit value less than or equal to which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under repeatability conditions may be expected to be with a probability of 95 % NOTE The symbol used is r. 3.10 reproducibility precision under reproducibility conditions SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 8 3.11 reproducibility conditions conditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in different laboratories with different operators using different equipment 3.12 reproducibility limit value less than or equal to which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under reproducibility conditions may be expected to be with a probability of 95 % NOTE The symbol used is R. 3.13 single test result value obtained by applying the standard test method fully, once to a single specimen NOTE The single test result may be the mean of two or more observations or the result of a calculation from a set of observations as specified by the standardised test method. 4 Principle The test method determines the binder content of bituminous mixtures by ignition of the mixture in a furnace. The binder content is obtained by a calculation that includes a calibration term. Calibration terms are determined for particular mixtures or aggregates. Two test methods are described; Method A utilises a furnace with an internal balance; Method B permits the use of a furnace and external balance. Re-determination (re-calibration or re-calculation depending on the calibration method chosen from Annex A) shall be undertaken for each change in the mixture, including changes in the constituent materials or their proportions. NOTE 1 The ignition process should have a controlled rise in temperature in order to avoid excessive heating of the mineral aggregate that can break down the aggregate particles depending on the petrographic composition. NOTE 2 The calculation of the calibration value based on parallel analysis with extraction methods (A.1 and A.3) is appropriate for mixtures for which the intended proportions of the constituent materials are not known. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Furnace 5.1.1 A furnace capable of burning all the binder with the features detailed in 5.1.2 to 5.1.6 for Method A and 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 for Method B. NOTE 1 The temperature required to burn all the binder will depend on the technology used and is determined as part of the calibration procedure (see Annex A). NOTE 2 The furnace should not have to operate at its maximum capacity in order to allow flexibility and to ensure long service. 5.1.2 A sample chamber having an internal capacity capable of taking the sample without touching the sides and with the maximum dimension not greater than twice the minimum dimension. NOTE Larger chamber sizes may expedite testing by allowing larger sample basket(s) and thus the material to be tested can be placed in thinner layers. 5.1.3 An automatic lock that shall not allow the door to be opened until the completion of the test procedure, and a warning system to indicate the end of the pre-programmed temperature cycle. SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 9 5.1.4 System for reducing furnace emissions. The furnace shall be vented into a hood or to the outside and, when properly set up, shall have no noticeable odours escaping into the laboratory. The furnace shall have a fan with the capability to pull sufficient air through the furnace to expedite the test and to reduce the escape of smoke into the laboratory. NOTE 1 The method for reducing furnace emissions can comprise a filter and a post combustion chamber that is designed to eliminate the toxic residues produced by burning the binder. NOTE 2 If mechanical ventilation is used, the air flow should be adjusted so as not to affect the operation of the equipment (e.g. forced air extraction system may result in a loss of fines and the generation of fumes from the furnace). 5.1.5 An internal balance, capable of detecting mass variations of ± 0,1 g in the sample within the baskets. The balance shall be thermally isolated from the furnace chamber. 5.1.6 Data collection system and a warning system. The warning system shall be capable of being set to a value such that the loss in mass between individual readings taken at 1 min intervals for three consecutive minutes at end of the pre-programmed temperature cycle is no higher than the values stated in Table 1. 5.2 Metal baskets manufactured from perforated sheet of tempered stainless steel or other suitable material that permits adequate air flow through the sample and retains the majority of the sample throughout the test. The dimensions shall be specified by the furnace manufacturer to provide the maximum surface area for the sample whilst still providing sufficient room to safely load and unload the sample. Sets of baskets shall be nested. 5.3 Catch pan of stainless steel with dimensions sized to accommodate the metal baskets specified in 5.2. 5.4 Oven with convection or forced draft, capable of maintaining a temperature of (110 ± 2) °C in the vicinity of the samples. 5.5 External balance capable to weigh the mass of trays plus test sample according to Table 1 to ± 0,1 g. 5.6 Safety equipment, including safety glasses or face shield, high temperature gloves, and long sleeved jacket. 5.7 Heat-resistant surface, capable of withstanding 650 °C and able to act as a heat sink that can speed the cooling of the sample baskets, and protective cage, capable of completely surrounding the sample baskets and preventing accidental physical contact with them. NOTE An appropriate sign warning of the danger of `Very Hot Surfaces' should be attached to the protective cage. 5.8 Pan, larger than the sample basket(s), for transferring samples after ignition. 5.9 Spatulas 5.10 Bowls 5.11 Wire brushes 6 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures 6.1 Sampling shall be performed in accordance with EN 12697-28 to achieve a sample size as given in Table 1. The mass of the sample in the baskets during the test shall be the same as the mass used for the calibration to ± 100 g. SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 10 Table 1 — Size of sample Nominal maximum aggregate size mm Mass of sample
g Maximum constant mass limit g 4 1 000 to 1 400 0,15 5,6 or 6,3 or 8 or 10 1 000 to 1 600 0,15 11,2 or 12,5 or 14 or 16 1 000 to 1 700 0,20 20 or 22,4 1 000 to 2 400 0,25 31,5 1 000 to 3 000 0,30 40 or 45 1 000 to 4 000 0,40
NOTE 1 When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity of the equipment used, the test specimen may be divided into suitable increments, tested, and the results combined by weighted average for calculation of the corrected binder content. NOTE 2 Large samples of fine mixtures tend to result in incomplete ignition of the binder. 6.2 The sample shall be dried to constant mass in an oven at (110 ± 2) °C unless it is known that the sample does not contain water. Alternatively, the water content shall be determined in accordance with EN 12697-14 for later correction. NOTE If a damp sample is tested, the water content will be driven off and could be counted as binder if no correction is made. 7 Procedure 7.1 General 7.1.1 Obtain the calibration value in accordance with Annex A for the specific mixture to be analysed either directly or from records. The calibration procedure (or recalculation for calibration based on dry analysis of constituent aggregate) shall be carried out with a mixture before carrying out any acceptance testing and repeated at regular intervals and each time there is a significant change in the mixture design. A significant change is classified as being: a change of source for any component material (particularly recycled asphalt pavement); and/or a change in the proportion of the component materials (other than the binder or recycled asphalt pavement) by 10 % or more of their original proportion; and/or a change in the proportion of any recycled asphalt pavement by 5 % or more of the original proportion; and/or a change of target binder content by 0,5 % or more. NOTE 1 The calculation of the calibration value based on dry analysis of constituent aggregate (A.1 and A.4) can only be regarded as an estimate of the calibration value based on laboratory-prepared bituminous mixtures ( A.1 and A.2). The calculation of the calibration value based on parallel analysis with extraction methods (A.1 and A.3) is appropriate for mixtures for which the intended proportions of the constituent materials are not known. NOTE 2 The analysis method by ignition may be affected by the type of aggregate in the mixture. SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 11 NOTE 3 Mineral aggregate (and organic fibres) will show varying loss of mass during the test depending on their origin (petrographic composition). Examples of components that give rise to high corrections are limestone, hydrated lime and cellulose fibres. The calibration value for these components can be measured by determination on a bitumen/filler mortar (A.4). 7.1.2 The test shall be carried out using the same equipment used in the calibration, including furnace and sample baskets. 7.1.3 Pre-heat the ignition furnace. Record the furnace temperature at the start of the test. 7.1.4 Continue the procedure in accordance with either 7.2 (Method A) for furnaces with an internal balance or 7.3 (Method B) for furnaces without an internal balance. NOTE When required, the aggregate grading can be determined in accordance with Annex B after the binder content has been obtained. 7.2 Test procedure for furnace with internal balance (Method A) 7.2.1 Weigh the sample at a temperature of (110 ± 2) °C on the external balance and record the sample mass Ws,w, in grams, to the nearest 0,1 g. 7.2.2 Place the available sample baskets in the catch pan in turn and without any appreciable loss of temperature, distribute the relevant proportion of the sample as evenly as possibly over each sample basket before placing the next. Take care to keep the material away from the edges of the sample baskets. Use a spatula or trowel to level the sample. NOTE To ensure consistent results, the temperature of the test portion after determining Ws,w should not be allowed to cool from 110 °C for more than 3 min before loading into the furnace. 7.2.3 Weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample, sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt+s, in grams, on the external balance. 7.2.4 Place the sample baskets in the furnace ensuring that they are not in contact with either the furnace wall or any temperature probe or other protrusion inside the furnace. Run the appropriate ignition programme after the oven has been pre-heated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 7.2.5 Allow the test to continue until the balance indicator displays show that the sample mass has stabilised so that the range of 3 consecutive weighings, taken at 1 min intervals, is within the constant mass limit in Table 1. Remove the sample baskets, placing them on the heat-resistant surface, immediately covering with the heat guard and allow to cool to approximately room temperature to permit safe handling. NOTE 1 Failure of the furnace scale to stabilise may indicate that the sample baskets are in contact with the furnace wall. NOTE 2 The cooling time for samples removed from the furnace is dependent primarily on sample size and dispersion in the baskets. The time taken to cool to approximately room temperature is unlikely to be less than 30 min. 7.2.6 Record the loss of mass Wloss, in grams, from the internal balance. Then weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample, sample baskets and catch pan Wt+a, in grams, on the external balance. 7.3 Procedure for furnace without internal balance (Method B) 7.3.1 Weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt, in grams, at room temperature. Place the sample basket(s) in the catch pan and evenly distribute the specimen in the basket(s). Weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample, sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt+s, in grams. SIST EN 12697-39:2005
EN 12697-39:2004 (E) 12 7.3.2 Heat the sample in the furnace at the test temperature ± 5 °C for the time determined during the calibration ± 5 min. 7.3.3 Remove the sample from the furnace and allow it to cool to below 35 °C. Weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample, sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt+a, in grams. 7.3.4 Return the sample back into the furnace. After the furnace reaches the set point temperature, heat the sample for a further 15 min. Repeat 7.3.3 to determine the mass of the sample after the extended ignition period. 7.3.5 Repeat 7.3.4 until the change in the mass of the sample after 15 min of further ignition is less than the constant mass limit in Table 1. 8 Calculation 8.1 Method A 8.1.1 The total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws,w, in grams, is determined in 7.2.1. 8.1.2 If the sample was not initially dried to constant mass, calculate the dried total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws, in grams, from the following: +×=MWW100100ws,s (1) where Ws is the dried total mass of the bituminous mixture prior to ignition, in grams (g); Ws,w is the total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition, in grams (g); M is the moisture content determined in accordance with EN 12697-14, in percent (%). If the sample was initially dried to constant mass, the dried total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws, in grams, is identical to the total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws,w, in grams. 8.1.3 Calculate the total mass of aggregate remaining after ig
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