SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023
(Main)Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers - Determination of the nitrogen content
Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers - Determination of the nitrogen content
The document establishes the methodology for the determination of the nitrogen content including total nitrogen and ammoniacal, nitric, urea, organic nitrogen as well as the calculation of the nitrogen content as a result of ammonium nitrate.
Organische und organisch-mineralische Düngemittel - Bestimmung des Stickstoffgehaltes
Dieses Dokument ist für Düngeprodukte anzuwenden, die als Kategorien PFC 1(A) oder PFC 1(B) der Verordnung (EU) 2019/1009 [5] eingestuft sind. Das vorliegende Verfahren wurde jedoch nicht für Mischungen validiert.
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gesamtstickstoffgehalts und des Gehalts an Ammonium-, Nitrat-, Harnstoff- und organischem Stickstoff in organischen und organisch-mineralischen Düngemitteln fest. Dieses Verfahren basiert auf der EN 15604:2009 und wurde so angepasst, dass es auf organische und organisch-mineralische Düngemittel anwendbar ist.
Engrais organiques et organo-minéraux - Détermination de la teneur en azote
Le présent document est applicable aux fertilisants qui sont classés dans les catégories PFC 1(A) ou PFC 1(B) dans le Règlement (UE) 2019/1009 [5]. Toutefois, la présente méthode n’a pas été validée pour les mélanges.
Le présent document spécifie une méthode pour la détermination de la teneur en azote total et de la teneur en azote ammoniacal, nitrique, uréique et organique dans les engrais organiques et organo-minéraux. Cette méthode est basée sur l’EN 15604:2009 et a été adaptée pour être applicable aux engrais organiques et organo-minéraux.
Organska in organsko-mineralna gnojila - Določevanje dušika
Dokument vzpostavlja metodologijo za določevanje dušika, vključno s skupnim dušikom in amonijskim, nitratnim, sečninskim, organskim dušikom, ter izračun vsebnosti dušika kot rezultat amonijevega nitrata.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023
01-februar-2023
Organska in organsko-mineralna gnojila - Določevanje dušika
Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers - Determination of the nitrogen content
Organische und organisch-mineralische Düngemittel - Bestimmung des
Stickstoffgehaltes
Engrais organiques et organo-minéraux - Détermination de la teneur en azote
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 17771:2022
ICS:
65.080 Gnojila Fertilizers
SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023
CEN/TS 17771
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
April 2022
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 65.080
English Version
Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers - Determination of
the nitrogen content
Engrais organiques et organo-minéraux - Organische und organisch-mineralische Düngemittel -
Détermination de la teneur en azote Bestimmung des Stickstoffgehaltes
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 13 March 2022 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 17771:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023
CEN/TS 17771:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 5
5 Reagents . 6
6 Apparatus . 10
7 Sampling and sample preparation . 10
8 Procedure . 10
8.1 General. 10
8.2 Standard unit operations . 11
9 Calculation of the results. 13
9.1 Calculation of the nitrogen fractions . 13
9.2 Calculation of the maximum ammonium nitrate content . 14
10 Verification of the result . 14
11 Test report . 14
Bibliography . 15
2
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CEN/TS 17771:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 17771:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 260
“Fertilizers and liming materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
3
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023
CEN/TS 17771:2022 (E)
Introduction
Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 [5] lays down the rules on the making available on the market of EU
fertilizing products and the specific safety and quality requirements for the defined product function
categories (PFCs). Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers have been classified as PFC 1(A) and PFC 1(B).
This document defines test methods for the determination of the nitrogen content to be used for organic
and organo-mineral fertilizers in order to measure the compliance with the related requirement in
Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 [5].
4
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17771:2023
CEN/TS 17771:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document is applicable to fertilizing products, which are classified as PFC 1(A) or PFC 1(B) of
Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 [5]. However, the present method was not validated for blends.
This document specifies a method for the determination of the total nitrogen content and the content of
ammoniacal, nitric, ureic and organic nitrogen in organic and organo-mineral fertilizers. This method is
based on EN 15604:2009 and adapted to be applicable to organic and organo-mineral fertilizers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1
EN 12944-1:1999, Fertilizers and liming materials — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms
2
EN 12944-2:1999, Fertilizers and liming materials — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to fertilizers
EN 15604:2009, Fertilizers — Determination of different forms of nitrogen in the same sample, containing
nitrogen as nitric, ammoniacal, urea and cyanamide nitrogen
3 Terms and definitions
1
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12944-1:1999 and
2
EN 12944-2:1999 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 Principle
The fertilizer sample shall be analysed according to four different analytical pathways to quantify the
different forms of nitrogen in the sample. The nitrogen content determined by the four analytical
pathways is representative for:
1) total nitrogen content;
2) total nitrogen content with exception of nitric nitrogen;
3) ammoniacal nitrogen content;
4) ammoniacal nitrogen and ureic nitrogen content.
The analysis results that are obtained by the determination of nitrogen according to these four pathways
shall be used to calculate the content of ammoniacal, nitric, ureic, and organic nitrogen in the sample
(see 9.1).
1
As impacted by EN 12944-1:1999/AC:2000.
2
As impacted by EN 12944-2:1999/AC:2000.
5
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CEN/TS 17771:2022 (E)
All four analytical pathways are based on or derived from the Kjeldahl principle. First, the operator shall
perform a pretreatment and/or digestion to convert the nitrogen of a certain fraction of nitrogenous
compounds to ammonia. Next, the operator shall distil the ammoniacal nitrogen into a known volume
and concentration of hydrochloric acid. Finally, the operator shall quantify the ammoniacal nitrogen by
titration of excess amount of acid in the receiving flask with sodium hydroxide.
The procedures that shall be performed for the pretreatment, digestion and distillation depend on the
analytical pathway, as schematically shown in Figure 1.
When performing analytical pathway 1, the total nitrogen content shall be determined by a reduction
with the aid of reduced iron and stannous chloride to convert nitric nitrogen to ammonia, followed by
Kjeldahl digestion of the sample. Subsequently, the ammonia shall be distilled after addition of sodium
hydroxide.
NOTE For the determination of the total nitrogen content, the Dumas method can also be applied if it is proven
to be as accurate as the modified Kjeldahl method.
When performing analytical pathway 2, the total nitrogen with the exception of nitric nitrogen shall be
determined by a Kjeldahl digestion with ferrous sulfate. Then, the ammonia shall be distilled after
addition of sodium hydroxide.
When performing analytical pathway 3, the ammoniacal nitrogen content shall be determined by a mild
distillation after addition of magnesium oxide.
Performing pathway 4, the ureic and ammoniacal nitrogen content shall be determined by a pretreatment
with urease. Subsequently, the ammonia shall be distilled by a mild distillation after addition of
magnesium oxide.
Figure 1 — The four analytical pathways for the determination of the different nitrogen
fractions
5 Reagents
All water used should be of grade 3 according to EN ISO 3696:1995. All reagents should be of recognized
analytical grade.
The following reagents shall be used.
5.1 Reduced iron
Iron powder reduced by hydrogen.
6
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CEN/TS 17771:2022 (E)
5.2 Standard iodine solution (I substance concentration c = 0,05 mol/l), certified.
2,
5.3 Stannous chloride solution (SnCl , c = 0,532 mol/l)
2
For the preparation of the stannous chloride solution, the following tasks shall be performed:
— Weigh 120 g of stannous chloride dihydrate and transfer it into a 1 l volumetric flask.
— Add 400 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid (density at 20 °C ρ = 1,18 g/ml) to the flask.
20
— Bring to volume with water and shake the flask until all stannous chloride is dissolved.
The solution shall be clear and prepared immediately before use.
It is essential to check the reducing power of stannous chloride dihydrate. In order to check the reducing
power, the following steps shall be performed:
— Weigh 0,5 g of stannous chloride dihydrate and transfer it into a 50 ml volumetric flask.
— Add 2 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid (ρ = 1,18 g/ml) to the flask.
20
— Bring to volume with water and shake the flask until all stannous chloride is dissolved.
— Transfer the content of the volumetric flask into a glass beaker.
— Weigh 5 g of Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate) and transfer into the glass beaker.
— Add sufficient quantity of sodium bicarbonate for the solution to be alkaline to litmus paper.
Titrate this solution with an iodine solution (I ) (5.2) in the presence of a starch solution as an indicator.
2
1 ml of the iodine solution corresponds to 0,011 28 g of stannous chloride dihydrate. At least 80 % of the
total tin present in the solution thus prepared shall be in bivalent form.
Therefore, at least 35 ml of the iodine solution should be required for the titration.
5.4 Defoaming agent
Octyl alcohol shall be used as defoaming agent, or any other non-nitrogen containing agent.
5.5 Ferrous sulfate
Crystalline ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO ·7H O).
4 2
5.6 Sulfuric acid (c = 18 mol/l)
Concentrated sulfuric acid (H SO ), ρ = 1,84 g/ml.
2 4 20
5.7 Hydrochloric acid solution (c = 6 mol/l)
For the preparation of this hydrochloric acid solution gradually add one volume of concentrated
hydrochloric acid (ρ = 1,18 g/ml) to one volume of water.
20
7
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CEN/TS 17771:2022 (E)
5.8 Hydrochloric acid solution (c = 0,1 mol/l)
For the preparation of this hydrochloric acid solution, the following tasks shall be performed:
— Fill a 1 l volumetric flask about three-quarters with water.
— Add 8,5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (ρ = 1,18 g/ml).
20
— Bring to a volume of 1 l.
5.9 Sodium hydroxide solution (c = 7,5 mol/l)
For the preparation of the sodium hydroxide solution of about 30 % (mass concentration),
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
01-december-2021
Organska in organsko-mineralna gnojila - Določevanje dušika
Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers - Determination of the nitrogen content
Organische und organisch-mineralische Düngemittel - Bestimmung des
Stickstoffgehaltes
Engrais organiques et organo-minéraux - Détermination de la teneur en azote
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 17771
ICS:
65.080 Gnojila Fertilizers
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FprCEN/TS 17771
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2021
ICS 65.080
English Version
Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers - Determination of
the nitrogen content
Organische und organisch-mineralische Düngemittel -
Bestimmung des Stickstoffgehaltes
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 260.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change
without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 17771:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FprCEN/TS 17771:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 5
5 Reagents . 6
6 Apparatus . 9
7 Sampling and sample preparation . 10
8 Procedure . 10
8.1 General. 10
8.2 Standard unit operations . 10
9 Calculation of the results. 12
9.1 Calculation of the nitrogen fractions . 12
9.2 Calculation of the maximum ammonium nitrate content . 13
10 Verification of the result . 13
11 Test report . 14
Bibliography . 15
2
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FprCEN/TS 17771:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TS 17771:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 260
“Fertilizers and liming materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TSnt.
This document has been prepared under a standardisation request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
3
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FprCEN/TS 00260234:2021 (E)
Introduction
Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 [5] lays down the rules on the making available on the market of EU
fertilizing products and the specific safety and quality requirements for the defined product function
categories (PFCs). Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers have been classified as PFC 1 (A) and PFC 1 (B).
This document defines test methods for the determination of the nitrogen content to be used for organic
and organo-mineral fertilizers in order to measure the compliance with the related requirement in the
Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 [5].
4
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FprCEN/TS 17771:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document is applicable to fertilizing products, which are classified as PFC 1(A) or PFC 1(B) of
Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 [5]. However, the present method was not validated for blends.
This document specifies a method for the determination of the total nitrogen content and the content of
ammoniacal, nitric, ureic and organic nitrogen in organic and organo-mineral fertilizers. This method is
based on EN 15604:2009 and adapted to be applicable to organic and organo-mineral fertilizers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12944-1:1999, Fertilizers and liming materials and soil improvers - Vocabulary - Part 1: General terms
EN 12944-2:1999, Fertilizers and liming materials and soil improvers - Vocabulary - Part 2: Terms relating
to fertilizers
EN 15604:2009, Fertilizers - Determination of different forms of nitrogen in the same sample, containing
nitrogen as nitric, ammoniacal, urea and cyanamide nitrogen
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12944-1:1999 and
EN 12944-2:1999 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 Principle
The fertilizer sample shall be analyzed according to four different analytical pathways to quantify the
different forms of nitrogen in the sample. The nitrogen content determined by the four analytical
pathways is representative for:
1) Total nitrogen content;
2) Total nitrogen content with exception of nitric nitrogen;
3) Ammoniacal nitrogen content;
4) Ammoniacal nitrogen and ureic nitrogen content.
The analysis results that are obtained by the determination of nitrogen according to these four pathways
shall be used to calculate the content of ammoniacal, nitric, ureic, and organic nitrogen in the sample (see
9.1).
All four analytical pathways are based on or derived from the Kjeldahl principle. First, the operator shall
perform a pretreatment and/or digestion to convert the nitrogen of a certain fraction of nitrogenous
compounds to ammonia. Next, the operator shall distil the ammoniacal nitrogen into a known volume
and concentration of hydrochloric acid. Finally, the operator shall quantify the ammoniacal nitrogen by
titration of excess amount of acid in the receiving flask with sodium hydroxide.
5
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FprCEN/TS 00260234:2021 (E)
The procedures that shall be performed for the pretreatment, digestion and distillation depend on the
analytical pathway, as schematically shown in Figure 1.
When performing analytical pathway 1, the total nitrogen content shall be determined by a reduction
with the aid of reduced iron and stannous chloride to convert nitric nitrogen to ammonia, followed by
Kjeldahl digestion of the sample. Subsequently, the ammonia shall be distilled after addition of sodium
hydroxide.
NOTE For the determination of the total nitrogen content, the Dumas method can also be applied if it is proven
to be as accurate as the modified Kjeldahl method.
When performing analytical pathway 2, the total nitrogen with the exception of nitric nitrogen shall be
determined by a Kjeldahl digestion with ferrous sulfate. Then, the ammonia shall be distilled after
addition of sodium hydroxide.
When performing analytical pathway 3, the ammoniacal nitrogen content shall be determined by a mild
distillation after addition of magnesium oxide.
Performing pathway 4, the ureic and ammoniacal nitrogen content shall be determined by a pretreatment
with urease. Subsequently, the ammonia shall be distilled by a mild distillation after addition of
magnesium oxide.
Figure 1 — The four analytical pathways for the determination of the different nitrogen
fractions
5 Reagents
All water used should be of grade 3 according to EN ISO 3696:1995. All reagents should be of recognized
analytical grade.
The following reagents shall be used.
5.1 Reduced iron
Iron powder reduced by hydrogen.
5.2 Standard iodine solution (I substance concentration c = 0,05 mol/l), certified.
2,
5.3 Stannous chloride solution (SnCl , c = 0,532 mol/l)
2
For the preparation of the stannous chloride solution, the following tasks shall be performed:
• Weigh 120 g of SnCl 2 H O and transfer it into a 1 l volumetric flask;
2 2
6
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FprCEN/TS 17771:2021 (E)
• Add 400 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid (density at 20 °C ρ = 1,18 g/ml) to the flask;
20
• Bring to volume with water and shake the flask until all SnCl is dissolved.
2
The solution shall be clear and prepared immediately before use.
It is essential to check the reducing power of stannous chloride dihydrate. In order to check the reducing
power, the following steps shall be performed:
• Weigh 0,5 g of SnCl 2 H O and transfer it into a 50 ml volumetric flask,
2 2
• Add 2 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid to the flask,
• Bring to volume with water and shake the flask until all SnCl is dissolved,
2
• Transfer the content of the volumetric flask into a glass beaker,
• Weigh 5 g of Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate) and transfer into the glass beaker,
• Add sufficient quantity of sodium bicarbonate for the solution to be alkaline to litmus paper.
Titrate this solution with an iodine solution (I ) (5.2) in the presence of a starch solution as an indicator.
2
1 ml of the iodine solution corresponds to 0,011 28 g of SnCl 2 H O. At least 80 % of the total tin
2 2
present in the solution thus prepared shall be in bivalent form.
Therefore, at least 35 ml of the iodine solution should be required for the titration.
5.4 Defoaming agent
Octyl alcohol shall be used as defoaming agent, or any other non-nitrogen containing agent.
5.5 Ferrous sulfate
Crystalline ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO ⋅ 7 H O).
4 2
5.6 Sulfuric acid (c = 18 mol/l)
Concentrated sulfuric acid (H SO ), ρ = 1,84 g/ml.
2 4 20
5.7 Hydrochloric acid solution (c = 6 mol/l)
For the preparation of this hydrochloric acid solution gradually add one volume of concentrated
hydrochloric acid (ρ = 1,18 g/ml) to one volume of water.
20
5.8 Hydrochloric acid solution (c = 0,1 mol/l)
For the preparation of this hydrochloric acid solution of, the following tasks shall be performed:
• Fill a 1 l volumetric flask about three-quarters with water,
• Add 8,5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid),
• Bring to a volume of 1 l.
5.9 Sodium hydroxide solution (c = 7,5 mol/l)
For the preparation of the sodium hydroxide solution of about 30 % (mass concentration), the following
tasks shall be performed:
• Fill a 1 l flask about three-quarters with water,
7
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17771:2021
FprCEN/TS 00260234:2021 (E)
• Weigh 300 g sodium hydroxide and gradually add it to the flask,
• Stir the solution until all sodium hydroxide is dissolved,
• Bring to a volume of 1 l.
5.10 Sodium hydroxide solution (c =0,1 mol/l)
Certified standard solution of sodium hydroxide 0,1 mol/l.
5.11 Potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer (c = 0,1 mol/l)
A potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer set to pH 5,5. For the preparation of this solution the following
steps shall be p
...
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