SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
(Main)Identification Link - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61406-1:2022)
Identification Link - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61406-1:2022)
IEC 61406-1:2022 specifies minimum requirements for a globally unique identification of physical objects which also constitutes a link to its related digital information. This identification is designated hereinafter as "Identification Link" (IL), with the encoded data designated as IL string. The IL string has the data-format of a link (URL). The IL is machine-readable and is attached to the physical object in a 2D symbol or NFC tag. The requirements in this standard apply to physical objects:
- that are provided by the manufacturer as an individual unit,
- and that have already been given a unique identity by the manufacturer.
This document does not specify any requirements on the content and the layout of nameplates/typeplates (e.g. spatial arrangement, content of the plain texts, approval symbols etc.).
Identifizierungslink - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen (IEC 61406-1:2022)
Lien d'identification - Partie 1 : Exigences générales (IEC 61406-1:2022)
L'IEC 61406-1:2022 spécifie les exigences minimales pour permettre une identification unique et globale des objets physiques, qui constitue également un renvoi vers ses informations numériques connexes. Cette identification est par la suite appelée "lien d’identification" (IL), les données codées étant désignées "chaîne IL". La chaîne IL a le format de données d’un lien (URL). L’IL est lisible par machine et associé à l’objet physique sous la forme d’un symbole 2D ou d’une balise NFC. Les exigences de la présente norme s’appliquent aux objets physiques:
- qui sont fournis par le fabricant sous forme d’unité individuelle;
- et auxquels le fabricant a déjà attribué une identité unique.
Le présent document ne spécifie aucune exigence relative au contenu et à la disposition des plaques signalétiques (par exemple organisation spatiale, contenu des textes bruts, symboles d’homologation, etc.).
Identifikacijska povezava - 1. del: Splošne zahteve (IEC 61406-1:2022)
Standard IEC 61406-1:2022 določa minimalne zahteve za globalno enolično identifikacijo fizičnih objektov, ki vključuje tudi povezavo z zadevnimi digitalnimi informacijami. Ta identifikacija se v nadaljevanju imenuje »identifikacijska povezava« (IL), pri čemer se šifrirani podatki določijo kot niz identifikacijske povezave. Oblika zapisa podatkov niza identifikacijske povezave je povezava (URL). Identifikacijska povezava je strojno berljiva in povezana s fizičnim objektom v simbolu 2D ali oznaki NFC. Zahteve v tem standardu se uporabljajo za fizične objekte:
– ki jih proizvajalec zagotovi kot individualno enoto; in
– ki jim je proizvajalec že dodelil enolično identiteto.
Ta dokument ne določa zahtev glede vsebine in ureditve napisnih/tipskih ploščic (npr. prostorska razporeditev, vsebina navadnega besedila, oznake odobritve itd.).
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
01-februar-2023
Identifikacijska povezava - 1. del: Splošne zahteve (IEC 61406-1:2022)
Identification Link - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61406-1:2022)
Identifizierungslink - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen (IEC 61406-1:2022)
Lien d'identification - Partie 1 : Exigences générales (IEC 61406-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61406-1:2022
ICS:
35.240.15 Identifikacijske kartice. Čipne Identification cards. Chip
kartice. Biometrija cards. Biometrics
SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61406-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2022
ICS 35.240.15
English Version
Identification Link - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 61406-1:2022)
Lien d'identification - Partie 1 : Exigences générales Identifizierungslink - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
(IEC 61406-1:2022) (IEC 61406-1:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-10-20. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61406-1:2022 E
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
EN IEC 61406-1:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 65E/845/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 61406-1, prepared by SC 65E "Devices
and integration in enterprise systems" of IEC/TC 65 "Industrial-process measurement, control and
automation" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN IEC 61406-1:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-07-20
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-10-20
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61406-1:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60079-14 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60079-14
IEC 60529 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60529
IEC 60721 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 60721 (series)
IEC 62507-1:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62507-1:2011 (not modified)
ISO 3166-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 3166-1
2
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
EN IEC 61406-1:2022 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-351 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 351: Control technology
ISO/IEC 8859-1 - Information technology - 8-bit single-byte - -
coded graphic character sets - Part-1: Latin
alphabet No. 1
ISO/IEC 14443-1 - Cards and security devices for personal - -
identification - Contactless proximity objects
- Part 1: Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 14443-2 - Identification cards - Contactless integrated - -
circuit cards - Proximity cards - Part 2:
Radio frequency power and signal interface
ISO/IEC 14443-3 - Cards and security devices for personal - -
identification - Contactless proximity objects
- Part 3: Initialization and anticollision
ISO/IEC 14443-4 - Cards and security devices for personal - -
identification - Contactless proximity objects
- Part 4: Transmission protocol
ISO/IEC 15415 - Information technology - Automatic - -
identification and data capture techniques -
Bar code symbol print quality test
specification - Two-dimensional symbols
ISO/IEC 15693-1 - Cards and security devices for personal - -
identification - Contactless vicinity objects -
Part 1: Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 15693-2 - Cards and security devices for personal - -
identification - Contactless vicinity objects -
Part 2: Air interface and initialization
ISO/IEC 15693-3 - Cards and security devices for personal - -
identification - Contactless vicinity objects -
Part 3: Anticollision and transmission
protocol
3
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
EN IEC 61406-1:2022 (E)
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO/IEC 16022 - Information technology - Automatic - -
identification and data capture techniques -
Data Matrix bar code symbology
specification
ISO/IEC 19762 - Information technology - Automatic - -
identification and data capture (AIDC)
techniques - Harmonized vocabulary
ISO/IEC 18004 - Information technology - Automatic - -
identification and data capture techniques -
QR Code bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 29158 - Information technology - Automatic - -
identification and data capture techniques -
Direct Part Mark (DPM) Quality Guideline
ISO/IEC 29160 - Information technology - Radio frequency EN 16656 -
identification for item management - RFID
Emblem
ISO 13849-1 - Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts EN ISO 13849-1 -
of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design
IETF RFC 3986 2005 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic - -
Syntax
4
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
IEC 61406-1
®
Edition 1.0 2022-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Identification link –
Part 1 : General requirements
Lien d’identification –
Partie 1 : Exigences générales
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 35.240.15 ISBN 978-2-8322-5605-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
– 2 – IEC 61406-1:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, abbreviated terms and definitions . 11
4 Identification Link string . 12
4.1 ILS-1: Global uniqueness . 12
4.1.1 Requirement . 12
4.1.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 12
4.2 ILS-2: Link to additional information . 13
4.2.1 Requirement . 13
4.2.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 13
4.3 ILS-3: No reuse. 13
4.3.1 Requirement . 13
4.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 14
4.4 ILS-4: No altering . 14
4.4.1 Requirement . 14
4.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 14
4.5 ILS-5: String length . 14
4.5.1 Requirement . 14
4.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 14
4.6 ILS-6: URL syntax . 14
4.6.1 Requirement . 14
4.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 14
4.7 ILS-7: Allowed characters . 15
4.7.1 Requirement . 15
4.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 15
4.8 ILS-8: Uppercase and lowercase characters . 15
4.8.1 Requirement . 15
4.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 15
4.9 ILS-9: No character-combinations with special functions . 16
4.9.1 Requirement . 16
4.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 16
5 Identification Link with 2D symbol . 16
5.1 2D-1: When marking with 2D symbol . 16
5.1.1 Requirement . 16
5.1.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 16
5.2 2D-2: 2D symbol content . 17
5.2.1 Requirement . 17
5.2.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 17
5.3 2D-3: Symbology . 17
5.3.1 Requirement . 17
5.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 17
5.4 2D-4: Module size . 17
5.4.1 Requirement . 17
5.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 17
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5.5 2D-5: Quiet zone . 17
5.5.1 Requirement . 17
5.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 18
5.6 2D-6: Error correction . 18
5.6.1 Requirement . 18
5.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 18
5.7 2D-7: Label print quality . 18
5.7.1 Requirement . 18
5.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 18
5.8 2D-8: Direct part marking print quality . 18
5.8.1 Requirement . 18
5.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 19
5.9 2D-9: Durability of the 2D marking . 19
5.9.1 Requirement . 19
5.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 19
5.10 2D-10: Frame . 19
5.10.1 Requirement . 19
5.10.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 19
5.11 2D-11: Positive image . 20
5.11.1 Requirement . 20
5.11.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 20
5.12 2D-12: Location of the 2D symbol . 21
5.12.1 Requirement . 21
5.12.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 21
6 Near Field Communication for the Identification Link . 22
6.1 NFC-1: When marking with NFC . 22
6.1.1 Requirement . 22
6.1.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 22
6.2 NFC-2: Air interface standards . 22
6.2.1 Requirement . 22
6.2.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 22
6.3 NFC-3: Data format and content . 23
6.3.1 Requirement . 23
6.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 23
6.4 NFC-4: Data consistency . 23
6.4.1 Requirement . 23
6.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 23
6.5 NFC-5: Protection classes and approvals . 23
6.5.1 Requirement . 23
6.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 23
6.6 NFC-6: Durability . 24
6.6.1 Requirement . 24
6.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 24
6.7 NFC-7: Write protection . 24
6.7.1 Requirement . 24
6.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 24
6.8 NFC-8: Tag location for use in installed state . 24
6.8.1 Requirement . 24
6.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 24
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6.9 NFC-9: Tag position relative to existing marking for identification . 25
6.9.1 Requirement . 25
6.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 25
6.10 NFC-10: Tag position relative to neighbouring tags . 25
6.10.1 Requirement . 25
6.10.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 25
6.11 NFC-11: Generic RFID Emblem in frame . 25
6.11.1 Requirement . 25
6.11.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 26
6.12 NFC-12: RFID Emblem visibility . 26
6.12.1 Requirement . 26
6.12.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 26
6.13 NFC-13: RFID Emblem position relative to tag . 26
6.13.1 Requirement . 26
6.13.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance. 27
Annex A (normative) Overview of characters permitted for the IL string . 28
Annex B (informative) Examples of Identification Link strings . 31
B.1 Examples: URL syntax according to IETF RFC 3986 with restrictions
according to this document . 31
B.2 Examples: Parameters with data identifiers according to ISO/IEC 15418 . 33
Annex C (informative) 2D symbol examples and layout considerations . 35
C.1 Choice of symbology . 35
C.2 Square and rectangular symbols . 35
C.3 Selection of corner for triangle when using QR Code . 36
C.4 Symbols not centered in the frame . 36
C.5 Layout example when space is not sufficient . 37
Annex D (informative) 2D symbols on curved surfaces . 38
Annex E (informative) Duplicates of the Identification Link . 39
Annex F (informative) Search Engine friendliness . 40
Annex G (informative) Cybersecurity aspects . 41
Annex H (informative) IL string as IRDI . 42
Bibliography . 43
Figure 1 – Example of an IL linking a physical object to information associated with it . 13
Figure 2 – Frame around the 2D symbol . 20
Figure 3 – Comparison of a 2D symbol as negative and normal positive image . 20
Figure 4 – Representation of an IL on a dark background . 21
Figure 5 – marking of an NFC tag as an IL . 26
Figure C.1 – IL size may vary depending on the used symbology . 35
Figure C.2 – IL with square and rectangular Data Matrix . 36
Figure C.3 – IL with 2D symbols not centered in the frame . 36
Figure C.4 – IL with 2D symbols quiet zone below 4 modules on 2 sides . 37
Table A.1 – List of ASCII Code Characters permitted as this standard to create an IL . 29
Table B.1 – Structure of example a) . 31
Table B.2 – Structure of example b) . 31
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Table B.3 – Structure of example c) . 31
Table B.4 – Structure of example d) . 32
Table B.5 – Structure of example e) . 32
Table B.6 – Structure of example f) . 32
Table B.7 – Structure of example g) . 33
Table B.8 – Structure of example h) . 33
Table B.9 – Structure of example a) . 34
Table B.10 – Structure of example b) . 34
Table D.1 – Recommended maximum radii when using QR Codes . 38
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SIST EN IEC 61406-1:2023
– 6 – IEC 61406-1:2022 © IEC 2022
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IDENTIFICATION LINK
Part 1: General requirements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 61406-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 65E: Devices and integration in enterprise
systems, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and
automation. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following do
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 61406:2022
01-april-2022
Identifikacijska povezava - Nedvoumna edinstvena strojno berljiva identifikacija
Identification Link - Unambiguous biunique Machine-Readable Identification
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 61406:2022
ICS:
35.240.15 Identifikacijske kartice. Čipne Identification cards. Chip
kartice. Biometrija cards. Biometrics
oSIST prEN IEC 61406:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 61406:2022
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oSIST prEN IEC 61406:2022
65E/845/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 61406 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-02-11 2022-05-06
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
65E/796/CD, 65E/843/CC
IEC SC 65E : DEVICES AND INTEGRATION IN ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
United States of America Mr Donald (Bob) Lattimer
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:
Identification Link
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2024
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
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oSIST prEN IEC 61406:2022
– 2 – IEC CDV 61406 © IEC:2021
1
2 CONTENTS
3
4 FOREWORD . 6
5 INTRODUCTION . 8
6 1 Scope . 10
7 2 Normative references . 11
8 3 Terms, abbreviated terms and definitions . 12
9 4 Identification Link string . 13
10 4.1 ILS-1: Global uniqueness . 13
11 4.1.1 Requirement . 13
12 4.1.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 13
13 4.2 ILS-2: Link to additional information . 14
14 4.2.1 Requirement . 14
15 4.2.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 14
16 4.3 ILS-3: No reuse . 14
17 4.3.1 Requirement . 14
18 4.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 14
19 4.4 ILS-4: No altering . 14
20 4.4.1 Requirement . 14
21 4.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 14
22 4.5 ILS-5: String length . 14
23 4.5.1 Requirement . 14
24 4.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 14
25 4.6 ILS-6: URL syntax . 15
26 4.6.1 Requirement . 15
27 4.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 15
28 4.7 ILS-7: Allowed characters . 15
29 4.7.1 Requirement . 15
30 4.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 16
31 4.8 ILS-8: Uppercase and lowercase characters . 16
32 4.8.1 Requirement . 16
33 4.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 16
34 4.9 ILS-9: No character-combinations with special functions . 16
35 4.9.1 Requirement . 16
36 4.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 16
37 5 Identification Link with 2D symbol . 17
38 5.1 2D-1: When marking with 2D symbol . 17
39 5.1.1 Requirement . 17
40 5.1.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 17
41 5.2 2D-2: 2D symbol content . 17
42 5.2.1 Requirement . 17
43 5.2.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 17
44 5.3 2D-3: Symbology . 17
45 5.3.1 Requirement . 17
46 5.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 17
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IEC CDV 61406 © IEC:2021 – 3 –
47 5.4 2D-4: Module size . 18
48 5.4.1 Requirement . 18
49 5.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 18
50 5.5 2D-5: Quiet zone . 18
51 5.5.1 Requirement . 18
52 5.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 18
53 5.6 2D-6: Error correction . 18
54 5.6.1 Requirement . 18
55 5.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 18
56 5.7 2D-7: Label print quality . 19
57 5.7.1 Requirement . 19
58 5.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 19
59 5.8 2D-8: Direct part marking print quality . 19
60 5.8.1 Requirement . 19
61 5.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 19
62 5.9 2D-9: Durability of the 2D marking . 19
63 5.9.1 Requirement . 19
64 5.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 19
65 5.10 2D-10: Frame . 20
66 5.10.1 Requirement . 20
67 5.10.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 20
68 5.11 2D-11: Positive image . 20
69 5.11.1 Requirement . 20
70 5.11.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 20
71 5.12 2D-12: Location of the 2D symbol . 21
72 5.12.1 Requirement . 21
73 5.12.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 22
74 6 Near Field Communication for the Identification Link . 22
75 6.1 NFC-1: When marking with NFC . 22
76 6.1.1 Requirement . 22
77 6.1.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 22
78 6.2 NFC-2: Air interface standards . 22
79 6.2.1 Requirement . 22
80 6.2.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 23
81 6.3 NFC-3: Data format and content . 23
82 6.3.1 Requirement . 23
83 6.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 23
84 6.4 NFC-4: Data consistency . 23
85 6.4.1 Requirement . 23
86 6.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 23
87 6.5 NFC-5: Protection classes and approvals . 24
88 6.5.1 Requirement . 24
89 6.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 24
90 6.6 NFC-6: Durability . 24
91 6.6.1 Requirement . 24
92 6.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 24
93 6.7 NFC-7: Write protection . 24
94 6.7.1 Requirement . 24
95 6.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 24
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96 6.8 NFC-8: Tag location for use in installed state . 24
97 6.8.1 Requirement . 24
98 6.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 24
99 6.9 NFC-9: Tag position relative to existing marking for identification . 25
100 6.9.1 Requirement . 25
101 6.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 25
102 6.10 NFC-10: Tag position relative to neighbouring tags . 25
103 6.10.1 Requirement . 25
104 6.10.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 25
105 6.11 NFC-11: Generic RFID Emblem in frame. 25
106 6.11.1 Requirement . 25
107 6.11.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 26
108 6.12 NFC-12: RFID Emblem visibility . 26
109 6.12.1 Requirement . 26
110 6.12.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 26
111 6.13 NFC-13: RFID Emblem position relative to tag . 27
112 6.13.1 Requirement . 27
113 6.13.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 27
114 Annexe A (normative) Overview of characters permitted for the IL string . 28
115 Annexe B (informative) Examples of Identification Link strings . 30
116 A.1 Examples: URL syntax according to RFC 3986 with restrictions according to
117 this standard . 30
118 A.2 Examples: Parameters with data identifiers according to ISO/IEC 15418. 32
119 Annexe C (informative) 2D symbol examples and layout considerations. 34
120 A.3 Choice of symbology . 34
121 A.4 Square and rectangular symbols . 34
122 A.5 Selection of corner for triangle when using QR Code . 35
123 A.6 Symbols not centered in the frame . 35
124 A.7 Layout example when space is not sufficient . 36
125 Annexe D (informative) 2D symbols on curved surfaces . 37
126 Annexe E (informative) Duplicates of the Identification Link . 38
127 Annexe F (informative) Search Engine friendliness . 39
128 Annexe G (informative) Cybersecurity aspects . 40
129 Annexe H (informative) IL string as IRDI . 41
130 Bibliography . 42
131
132 Figure 1 – Example of an IL linking a physical object to information associated with it . 13
133 Figure 2 – Frame around the 2D symbol . 20
134 Figure 3 – Comparison of a 2D symbol as negative and normal positive image . 21
135 Figure 4 – Representation of an IL on a dark background . 21
136 Figure 5 – marking of an NFC tag as an IL . 26
137 Figure 6 – IL size may vary depending on the used symbology . 34
138 Figure 7 – IL with square and rectangular Data Matrix . 35
139 Figure 8 – IL with 2D symbols not centered in the frame . 35
140 Figure 9 – IL with 2D symbols quiet zone below 4 modules on 2 sides . 36
141
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142 Table A.1 – List of ASCII Code Characters permitted as this standard to create an IL . 28
143 Table B.1 — Structure of example a) . 30
144 Table B.2 — Structure of example b) . 30
145 Table B.3 — Structure of example c) . 30
146 Table B.4 — Structure of example d) . 31
147 Table B.5 — Structure of example e) . 31
148 Table B.6 — Structure of example f) . 32
149 Table B.7 — Structure of example g) . 32
150 Table B.8 — Structure of example h) . 32
151 Table B.9 — Structure of example a) . 33
152 Table B.10 — Structure of example b) . 33
153 Table D.1 – Recommended maximum radii when using QR Codes . 37
154
155
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156 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
157 ____________
158
159 IDENTIFICATION LINK
160
161
162
163 FOREWORD
164 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
165 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
166 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
167 in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
168 Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
169 preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
170 may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
171 with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
172 Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
173 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
174 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
175 interested IEC National Committees.
176 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
177 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
178 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
179 misinterpretation by any end user.
180 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
181 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
182 any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
183 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
184 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
185 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
186 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
187 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
188 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
189 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
190 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
191 Publications.
192 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
193 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
194 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
195 rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
196 IEC 61406 has been prepared by subcommittee 65E: DEVICES AND INTEGRATION IN
197 ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement,
198 control and automation. It is an International Standard.
199 Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
200 the above table.
201 The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
202 This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
203 accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
204 at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
205 described in greater detail at http://www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
206 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
207 stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
208 specific document. At this date, the document will be
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209 • reconfirmed,
210 • withdrawn,
211 • replaced by a revised edition, or
212 • amended.
213
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214 INTRODUCTION
215 Every year, industry purchases hundreds of millions of items of technical equipment – referred
216 to here as physical objects – for setting up new production facilities and maintaining existing
217 ones. When applying this standard these physical objects can be simply and unambiguously
218 identified by using a standardized Identification Link (IL), attached for example on the
219 nameplate. This means that all information relating to the physical object can be identified in
220 various IT systems and then called up, edited and stored as necessary across all processes
221 from storage and retrieval to assembly, maintenance, inspection, repair and disassembly. This
222 is an invaluable advantage in all these processes. The manufacturer in turn can link all
223 information such as drawings, operating instructions and spare part lists to this IL in its systems.
224 Users, e.g. owners or operators, can do the same with their information in their systems. In
225 communication between the manufacturer and user, this IL alone then suffices for both parties
226 to find and exchange all the information they need about a physical object throughout its
227 lifecycle. This IL is therefore a prerequisite for easy accessing and maintaining information in
228 the physical object’s digital twin.
229 Previous standards for machine-readable identification of physical objects essentially describe
230 how the traditional identification features (manufacturer, product number, serial number) can
231 be stored in a machine-readable way using standardized syntax (e.g. as per ISO/IEC 15434)
232 and semantics (e.g. as per ISO/IEC 15418) so that the strings used for identification according
233 to these standards can be analyzed (parsed) and processed across all manufacturers using
234 suitable software. These regulations allow a great variety of identifiers and technologies to be
235 used, some of which can be highly complex, depending on the chosen solution. This means
236 that in the relationship between the manufacturer and the user, it must be determined which
237 parts of these regulations and which of the identification methods specified in them are to be
238 used. A universally usable identification by the manufacturer is not possible without consulting
239 the respective user. The identification options listed in these regulations also always require
240 analysis of the character string and the information encoded in it using suitable software, which
241 involves much greater requirements for further processing. Furthermore, for industrial
242 applications such as in the process manufacturing industry, there are special requirements for
243 the long-term legibility and reliability of markings in the harsh conditions of industrial
244 environments.
245 Production systems, e.g. in the process manufacturing industry, usually consist of several
246 thousand individual physical objects. Each of these physical objects must be uniquely identified
247 during all steps and processes in its lifecycle by both the manufacturer and the user. On the
248 part of the manufacturer, this identification starts during the production of the physical object,
249 and continues during its packaging and shipping. On the part of user, this process continues
250 with the receipt, storage and retrieval of the physical object, carries on through installation,
251 commissioning, operation, inspection, maintenance, repair and disassembly, and finally ends
252 when it is scrapped.
253 The manufacturer usually provides each physical object with an identifier that allows it to be
254 uniquely identified. This identification of the physical object usually takes place using a
255 nameplate.
256 The product type of the physical object can generally be clearly identified using the information
257 on the nameplate. If it is a serialized physical object, which means a serial number is present
258 on the nameplate, then it can also be identified as a single, distinguishable instance of a model.
259 However, in practice this identification of physical objects on a nameplate often cannot be read
260 and used automatically. This is a serious drawback to optimizing and in particular automating
261 identification in all work processes. The reason for this is that the characteristics of a nameplate
262 such as the content, designation, layout and fonts vary greatly according to t
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