oSIST prEN ISO 32543-2:2025
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems - Part 2: Edge method with hole type gauges (ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024)
Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems - Part 2: Edge method with hole type gauges (ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024)
This European standard specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 µm of X-ray systems by means of the edge method applied to digital images taken from hole type or disk type gauges. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
This document provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard, mini and micro focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes for users in applications where the pin hole method of EN12543-2 is not practicable. This determination is based on the measurement of a profile of an image of a hole or disk type gauge.
The method as described in this document can be used for long term monitoring of focal spot sizes without a pin hole camera.
The accuracy of this method is lower than the one of ISO 32543-1 (EN 12543-2), ISO/NP 32543-3 (EN 12543-5) and ISO/NP 32543-4 (future EN 12543-6), using ASTM hole plate IQIs (ASTM E 1025, E 1742), due to its manufacturer tolerance of 10%.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung von Brennflecken in Industrie-Röntgenanlagen - Teil 2: Radiographisches Lochkamera Verfahren (ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024)
Essais non destructifs - Caractéristiques des foyers émissifs des tubes radiogènes industriels - Partie 2: Méthode par effet de bord avec jauges de type à trous (ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024)
Neporušitveno preiskave - Značilnosti goriščne površine v industrijskih rentgenskih sistemih za neporušitveno preskušanje - 2. del: Metoda z robom z merilniki tipa luknje (ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2025
Neporušitveno preiskave - Značilnosti goriščne površine v industrijskih
rentgenskih sistemih za neporušitveno preskušanje - 2. del: Metoda z robom z
merilniki tipa luknje (ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024)
Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems - Part
2: Edge method with hole type gauges (ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung von Brennflecken in Industrie-
Röntgenanlagen - Teil 2: Radiographisches Lochkamera Verfahren (ISO/DIS 32543-
2:2024)
Essais non destructifs - Caractéristiques des foyers émissifs des tubes radiogènes
industriels - Partie 2: Méthode par effet de bord avec jauges de type à trous (ISO/DIS
32543-2:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 32543-2
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 32543-2
ISO/TC 135/SC 5
Non-destructive testing —
Secretariat: DIN
Characteristics of focal spots in
Voting begins on:
industrial X-ray systems —
2024-12-10
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
2025-03-04
Edge method with hole type gauges
Essais non destructifs — Caractéristiques des foyers émissifs des
tubes radiogènes industriels —
Partie 2: Méthode radiographique par sténopé
ICS: 19.100
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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Reference number
ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 32543-2
ISO/TC 135/SC 5
Non-destructive testing —
Secretariat: DIN
Characteristics of focal spots in
Voting begins on:
industrial X-ray systems —
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
Edge method with hole type gauges
Essais non destructifs — Caractéristiques des foyers émissifs des
tubes radiogènes industriels —
Partie 2: Méthode radiographique par sténopé
ICS: 19.100
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2024
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024(en)
Contents Page
Introduction .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle and detectors . 4
4.1 Principle .4
4.2 Detectors.4
4.2.1 General .4
4.2.2 Imaging plates for computed radiography .4
4.2.3 Digital Detector Arrays (DDA) .4
4.2.4 Exposure conditions and Image processing .5
5 Test equipment . 5
5.1 General .5
5.2 Essential characteristics of test gauge or Image Quality Indicator (IQI) .5
5.2.1 Nano- and microfocus tubes (spot size < 100 µm). .5
5.2.2 Mini- and macrofocus tubes (spot size ≥ 100 µm) .7
5.2.3 Alignment and position of the gauge in the beam .8
6 Loading factors . 10
7 Measurement procedure and determination of the focal spot size .10
7.1 Measurement procedure .10
7.2 Evaluation using a line profile .11
7.3 Automated evaluation using a validated software . 13
8 Classification and result of focal spot size evaluation . 14
9 Documentation . 14
Annex A (normative) Values for the classification of X-ray tube focal spot sizes .16
Bibliography .18
iii
ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024(en)
Introduction
To cover the large range of effective focal spot sizes, four different methods are described in EN 12543 series.
In this document, the edge method is intended as user method for measurement of effective focal spot
sizes of nano, micro, mini and macro (standard) focus tubes. The edge method uses hole type gauges and is
intended for field and lab applications when the users need to observe the effective focal spot on a regular
basis and other methods are non-practical.
EN ISO 32543-1, the pin hole method, permits the measurement of spot shape and sizes ≥ 100 µm and EN
ISO 32543-3 covers the range of spot sizes for micro focus tubes from 5 µm to 300 µm.
Two further methods are in preparation as future part in ISO 32543 series, concerning:
— the line pair gauges for measuring the effective focal spot size of micro- and nanofocus X-ray tubes with
focal spot sizes of 0,2 µm to 100 µm. This method is intended for the use by manufacturers and users and
a measuring range between 0,2 µm to 100 µm;
— the reconstruction of the spot shape from hole gauge measurements. The results are equivalent to the
pin hole method down to 0,2 µm, if no phase contrast is observed.
In the overlapping ranges the different methods give similar values based on the edge response measurement,
which allow using the dedicated method also in a limited way outside the above specified ranges.
iv
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024(en)
Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in
industrial X-ray systems —
Part 2:
Edge method with hole type gauges
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,2 µm of
X-ray systems by means of the edge method applied to digital images taken from hole type or disk type
gauges if no phase contrast is observed. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend
highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional
intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
This document provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard, mini and
micro focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes for users in applications where the pin hole method of ISO 32543-1
is not practicable. This determination is based on the measurement of a profile of an image of a hole or disk
type gauge.
The method as described in this document can be used for long term monitoring of focal spot sizes without
a pin hole camera.
The accuracy of this method is lower than the one of ISO 32543-1, ISO/DIS 32543-3 and the future standards
in preparation, for measurements of the effective focal spot size, using ASTM hole plate IQIs (as described
in ASTM E 1025, E 1742), due to its manufacturer tolerance of ±10 % of the hole diameter. It can be used by
manufacturers if special hole gauges, manufactured with lower tolerance, as described in 5.2.1 are applied
(see Figure 1).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12181 (all parts), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Roundness
ISO 16371-1, Non-destructive testing — Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates
— Part 1: Classification of systems
ISO 19232-5, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 5: Determination of the image
unsharpness and basic spatial resolution value using duplex wire-type image quality indicators
ISO 32543-1, Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems — Part 1:
Pinhole camera radiographic method
ISO/DIS 32543-3, Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in
non-destructive testing - Part 3: Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
ASTM E 2903, Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus
X-ray Tubes
ASTM E 1165, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
ISO/DIS 32543-2:2024(en)
ASTM E 2002, Standard Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in
Radiography and Radioscopy
ASTM E 1742, Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
ASTM E 1025, Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type
Image Quality Indicators (IQI) used for Radiology
ASTM E 1000, Standard Guide for Radioscopy
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the foll
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