kSIST FprEN IEC 62282-8-301:2023

Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode - Power to methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including reversible operation - Performance test methods

IEC 62282-8-301:2023 specifies performance test methods of power-to-methane systems based on solid oxide cells (SOCs). Water, CO2, and electricity are supplied to the system to produce methane and oxygen.
This document is not intended to be applied to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cell/stack assembly units for power generation purposes only, since these are covered in IEC 62282-7-2. In addition, the test methods for SOC cell/stack assembly units including reversible operation (without any methanation reactor) are already described in IEC 62282-8-101.
This document is intended to be used for data exchanges in commercial transactions between the system manufacturers and customers. Users of this document can selectively execute test items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.

Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 8-301. del: Sistemi za shranjevanje energije, ki uporabljajo module regenerativnih gorivnih celic – Elektroenergetski sistemi za proizvodnjo metana, ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti

Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 8-301: Systèmes de stockage de l’énergie utilisant des modules à piles à combustible en mode inversé - Systèmes de conversion de l’énergie en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide, comprenant le fonctionnement réversible - Méthodes d’essai des performances

IEC 62282-8-31:2023 spécifie les méthodes d’essai de performance des systèmes de conversion d’électricité en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide (SOC). De l’eau, du CO2 et de l’électricité sont fournis au système pour produire du méthane et de l’oxygène.
IEC 62282 spécifie les méthodes d’essai de performance des systèmes de conversion d’électricité en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide (SOC). De l’eau, du CO2 et de l’électricité sont fournis au système pour produire du méthane et de l’oxygène.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé pour les échanges de données dans le cadre de transactions commerciales entre les fabricants de systèmes et les clients. Les utilisateurs du présent document peuvent choisir les éléments d’essai à exécuter selon leurs objectifs parmi ceux décrits dans le présent document.

Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 8-301. del: Sistemi za shranjevanje energije, ki uporabljajo module regenerativnih gorivnih celic - Elektroenergetski sistemi za proizvodnjo metana, ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom, vključno z obrnjenim delovanjem - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 06-Oct-2022
• ICS: 27.070 - Fuel cells
• Technical Committee: I09 - Imaginarni 09
• Current Stage: 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 21-Feb-2023
• Due Date: 11-Apr-2023
• Completion Date: 11-May-2023
• Ref Project: FprEN IEC 62282-8-301:2023 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode - Power-to-methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including reversible operation - Performance test methods

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 62282-8-301:2022
01-oktober-2022
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 8-301. del: Sistemi za shranjevanje energije, ki
uporabljajo module regenerativnih gorivnih celic - Elektroenergetski sistemi za

proizvodnjo metana, ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom, vključno z

obrnjenim delovanjem - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti

Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in

reverse mode - Power to methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including

reversible operation - Performance test methods

Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 8-301. del: Sistemi za shranjevanje energije, ki uporabljajo

module regenerativnih gorivnih celic – Elektroenergetski sistemi za proizvodnjo metana,

ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti

Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 8-301: Systèmes de stockage de l’énergie

utilisant des modules à piles à combustible en mode inversé - Systèmes de conversion

de l’énergie en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide, comprenant le fonctionnement

réversible - Méthodes d’essai des performances
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 62282-8-301:2022
ICS:
27.070 Gorilne celice Fuel cells
oSIST prEN IEC 62282-8-301:2022 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN IEC 62282-8-301:2022
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oSIST prEN IEC 62282-8-301:2022
105/916/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 62282-8-301 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-07-15 2022-10-07
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
105/880/CD, 105/899A/CC
IEC TC 105 : FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Germany Mr David Urmann
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any, in
this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY

SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING

Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for Vote
(CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.

This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.

Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:

Fuel cell technologies – Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode – Power

to methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including reversible operation – Performance test

methods
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:

Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this

electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.

You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without

permission in writing from IEC.
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CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 8

3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols .......................................................... 9

3.1 Terms and definitions.............................................................................................. 9

3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols ............................................................................ 14

3.2.1 Abbreviated terms ......................................................................................... 14

3.2.2 Symbols ........................................................................................................ 15

4 Power to methane system based on SOC ...................................................................... 20

5 Reference conditions ..................................................................................................... 20

5.1 Temperature and pressure .................................................................................... 20

5.2 Heating value base ............................................................................................... 20

6 Instrumentation and measurement methods .................................................................. 21

6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 21

6.2 Instrument uncertainty .......................................................................................... 22

6.3 Measurement methods .......................................................................................... 23

6.3.1 Measurement methods for testing the power to methane energy system ........ 23

6.3.2 Measurement methods for testing components .............................................. 26

7 Test methods and procedures ....................................................................................... 28

7.1 General ................................................................................................................. 28

7.2 System performance test ...................................................................................... 29

7.2.1 Start-up test .................................................................................................. 29

7.2.2 Performance test at rated operation ............................................................... 29

7.2.3 Performance test at power input variation ...................................................... 33

7.2.4 Shutdown test ................................................................................................ 33

7.3 Performance test for components ......................................................................... 34

7.3.1 SOC Cell/stack assembly unit ........................................................................ 34

7.3.2 Methanation reactor ....................................................................................... 42

8 Test report ..................................................................................................................... 45

8.1 General ................................................................................................................. 45

8.2 Title page.............................................................................................................. 45

8.3 Table of contents .................................................................................................. 45

8.4 Summary report .................................................................................................... 45

Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the contents of detailed and full reports ...................... 46

A.1 General ................................................................................................................. 46

A.2 Detailed report ...................................................................................................... 46

A.3 Full report ............................................................................................................. 46

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 47

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Figure 1 –Scope of this standard ............................................................................................ 7

Figure 2 – Physical interfaces of the system ......................................................................... 22

Figure 3 – Test environment and interfaces between SOC cell/stack, methanation

reactor and experimental setup ............................................................................................. 34

Figure 4 – Testing system ..................................................................................................... 36

Table 1 – Symbols ................................................................................................................ 15

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modulesin reverse
mode – Power to methane energy systemsbased on solid oxide cells
including reversible operation – Performance test methods
FOREWORD

1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising

all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international

co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and

in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,

Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their

preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with

may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising

with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Org anization for

Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.

2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international

consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all

interested IEC National Committees.

3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National

Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC

Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any

misinterpretation by any end user.

4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications

transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between

any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.

5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity

assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsib le for any

services carried out by independent certification bodies.

6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.

7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and

members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or

other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and

expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC

Publications.

8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is

indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent

rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

IEC 62282-8-301 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell technologies. It

is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
105/XX/FDIS 105/XX/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in

the above table.
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IEC CDV 62282-8-301 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in

accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available

at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are

described in greater detail at http://www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.

The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the

stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the

specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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1 INTRODUCTION

2 This part of IEC 62282 describes performance evaluation methods for electric energy

3 conversion systems based on power to methane using solid oxide cells (SOCs) and

4 methanation reactor.

5 A typical targeting application of the power to methane systems is an electrolytic production of

6 methane as the energy carrier suitable for a large-scale, long-term storage and transportation.

7 The combustion heat of methane is about three times larger than that of hydrogen. Methane is

8 easy to be liquefied, which is suitable for storage and transportation via existing infrastructure

9 for natural gas (tanks, pipelines, tankers, or trucks) as well as easy utilization by conventional

10 equipment. Also, the use of “Green Methane” or “Carbon Neutral Methane” in place of “Fossil

11 Methane” is a promising option in the near future.

12 IEC 62282-8 (all parts) aims to develop performance test methods for power storage and

13 buffering systems based on electrochemical modules (combining electrolysis and fuel cells, in

14 particular reversible cells), taking into consideration both options of re-electrification and

15 substance (and heat) production for sustainable integration of renewable energy sources.

16 Under the general title Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode, the

17 IEC 62282-8 series consists of the following parts:

18 • IEC 62282-8-101: Test procedures for the performance of solid oxide single cells and

19 stacks, including reversible operation

20 • IEC 62282-8-102: Test procedures for the performance of single cells and stacks with proton

21 exchange membranes, including reversible operation

22 • IEC 62282-8-103: Alkaline single cell and stack performance including reversible operation

23 • IEC 62282-8-201: Test procedures for the performance of power-to-power systems

24 • IEC 62282-8-202: Power-to-power systems – Safety
25 • IEC 62282-8-300 (all parts): Power-to-substance systems

26 As a priority dictated by the emerging needs for industry and opportunities for technological

27 development, IEC 62282-8-101, IEC 62282-8-102 and IEC 62282-8-201 were initiated jointly.

28 This document is the first one of the IEC62282-8-300 series.
___________
Under consideration.
Under revision.
Under consideration.
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30 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
32 Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse
33 mode – Power to methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells
34 including reversible operation – Performance test methods
38 1 Scope

39 This document specifies the performance test methods of the power-to-methane systems based

40 on solid oxide cells (SOCs). Water, CO , and electricity are supplied to the system to produce

41 methane and oxygen.

42 This document is not intended to be applied to SOFC cell/stack assembly units for power

43 generation purposes only, since this is covered in IEC TS 62282-7-2. It is also noted that test

44 methods for SOC cell/stack including reversible operation (without any methanation reactor)

45 are already described in IEC 62282-8-101. Users can substitute selected test methods of this

46 standard with equivalent test methods of IEC 62282-8-101 (SOEC to produce H only as well

47 as SOFC operation mode and reversible mode) and IEC TS 62282-7-2 (SOFC mode only).

48 This standard covers two types of processes as shown in Figure 1:

49 • Case 1: Steam and CO are introduced into SOC (co-electrolysis process), and the product

50 gas (mainly, H + CO) is supplied to a methanation reactor (catalytic reactor);

51 • Case 2: Steam is introduced into SOC to generate H , which is supplied into a methanation

52 reactor with CO .

53 Besides two cases, the methanation catalyst can be integrated within the SOC, but it is not in

54 the scope of the present edition of this standard. This document provides for testing systems,

55 instruments and measuring methods to test the performance of SOC cell/stack as sembly units

56 and methanation reactor for energy conversion purposes. To produce CH from water and CO ,

4 2

57 SOC is operated in electrolysis mode (solid oxide electrolysis cell, SOEC). SOC can be

58 operated in fuel cell mode (solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC) and/or in reversible operation mode. In

59 the present edition of this standard, the system is considered not to have components which

60 store electricity, media, or heat.

61 This document is intended to be used for data exchanges in commercial transactions between

62 the system manufacturers and customers. Users of this document can selectively execute test

63 items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.
System
H + CO
Methanation
[Case 1]
Electricity Methane
SOC
Reactor
[Case 2]
Case 2
Water CO
Case 1
65 Figure 1 –Process schematic of the scope of this standard
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66 2 Normative references

67 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

68 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.

69 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

70 amendments) applies.

71 IEC 60050-485, International electrotechnical vocabulary (IEV) – Part 485: Fuel cell

72 technologies

73 IEC 60051, Recommendations for indicating electrical measuring instruments and their

74 accessories

75 IEC 60359, Electrical and electronic measurement equipment – Expression of performance

76 IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances

77 IEC 60584-3, Thermocouples – Part 3: Extension and compensating cables - Tolerances and

78 identification system

79 IEC 60688, Electrical measuring transducers for converting A.C. and D.C. electrical quantities

80 to analogue or digital signals
81 IEC 61028, Electrical measuring instruments – X-Y recorders

82 IEC 61143-1, Electrical measuring instruments - X-t recorders - Part 1: Definitions and

83 requirements

84 IEC 61143-2, Electrical measuring instruments - X-t recorders - Part 2: Recommended

85 additional test methods

86 IEC 61515, Mineral insulated metal – sheathed thermocouple cables and thermocouples

87 IEC 62052-11, Electricity metering equipment – General requirements, tests and test conditions

88 – Part 11: Metering equipment

89 IEC 62053-22, Electricity metering equipment – Particular requirements – Part 22: Static meters

90 for AC active energy (classes 0,1S, 0,2S and 0,5S)

91 IEC 62282-3-200, Fuel cell technologies – Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cell power systems –

92 Performance test methods

93 IEC TS 62282-7-2, Fuel cell technologies – Part 7-2: Test methods – Single cell and stack

94 performance tests for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)

95 IEC 62282-8-101, Fuel cell technologies – Part 8-101: Energy storage systems using fuel cell

96 modules in reverse mode – Test procedures for the performance of solid oxide single cells and

97 stacks, including reversible operation

98 ISO 5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices – Part 1:

99 Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full

100 ISO 5168, Measurement of fluid flow – Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties

101 ISO 6141, Gas analysis – Contents of certificates for calibration gas mixtures

102 ISO 6142-1, Gas analysis – Preparation of calibration gas mixtures –Gravimetric method for

103 Class I mixtures

104 ISO 6143, Gas analysis – Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition

105 of calibration gas mixtures

106 ISO 6145-7, Gas analysis – Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic methods –

107 Part 7: Thermal mass-flow controllers
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108 ISO 6974 (all parts), Natural gas – Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by

109 gas chromatography
110 ISO 6975, Natural gas – Extended analysis – Gas-chromatographic method

111 ISO 6976, Natural gas – Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe

112 indices from composition

113 ISO/TR 7066-1, Assessment of uncertainty in calibration and use of flow measurement devices

114 – Part 1: Linear calibration relationships

115 ISO 7066-2, Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices – Part

116 2: Non-linear calibration relationships
117 ISO 8573-1, Compressed air – Part 1: Contaminants and purity classes
118 ISO 8756, Air quality – Handling of temperature, pressure and humidity data

119 ISO 10101-1, Natural gas — Determination of water by the karl fischer method — Part 1:

120 Introduction

121 ISO 10101-2, Natural gas — Determination of water by the karl fischer method — Part 2:

122 Titration procedure

123 ISO 10101-3, Natural gas — Determination of water by the karl fischer method — Part 3:

124 Coulometric procedure
125 ISO 11541, Natural gas – Determination of water content at high pressure
126 3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols
127 3.1 Terms and definitions

128 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

129 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following

130 addresses:
131 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
132 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
133 3.1.1
134 active electrode area
135 effective electrode area

136 geometric area of the electrode where the electrochemical reaction takes place

137 Note 1 to entry: Usually this corresponds to the smaller of the two areas of negative electrode or positive electrode.

2 2

138 Note 2 to entry: Area perpendicular to the ionic current flow, usually expressed in m or cm .

139 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.1]
140 3.1.2
141 additional gas

142 gas added to the product gas from the negative electrode for the reaction in the methanation

143 reactor
144 Note 1 to entry: For case 2 in Figure 1, the additional gas is CO .

145 Note 2 to entry: For case 1 in Figure 1 (co-electrolysis mode), CO and/or H can be added to convert the product

2 2
146 gas from the negative electrode into CH efficiently.
147
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148 3.1.3
149 area-specific resistance
150 ASR

151 internal resistivity of any component of a cell or a stack, including the change of potential due

152 to the electrochemical reaction
2 2

153 Note 1 to entry: It is normalized by the active electrode area and is expressed in Ω·m , Ω·cm .

154 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.2]
155 3.1.4
156 catalyst
157 substance that accelerates a reaction without being consumed itself

158 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-01-01, modified – “electrochemical reaction” is replaced

159 by “reaction”, and Note 1 and Note 2 deleted.]
160 3.1.5
161 cell
162 single cell
163 basic unit of a solid oxide cell
164 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.6]
165
166 3.2
167 3.2.1
168 cold state

169 state of a power to methane system at ambient temperature with no power input or output

170 NOTE: The storage state may follow the cold state.

171 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-21-01, modified – “fuel cell power system” is replaced by

172 “power to methane system”.]
173
174 3.2.2
175 compression force
176 axial load

177 compressive load applied to the single cell or the end plates of a planar SOC stack to ensure

178 electric contact and/or gas tightness
179 Note 1 to entry: The compression force is in practice expressed in N
180 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.7]
181 3.2.3
182 conditioning

183 preliminary step of treatment that is required to properly operate a SOC and is usually realized

184 by following a protocol specified by the manufacturer

185 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-11-08, modified – “of treatment” added and “fuel cell”

186 replaced by “SOC” and "to achieve a desired performance" replaced by “and is usually

187 realized”.]
188 3.2.4
189 contact layer

190 layer applied between the interconnect and the cell to minimize the contact resistance

191 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.9]
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192 3.2.5
193 conversion of carbon dioxide

194 catalytic conversion percentage of carbon dioxide into methane in the methanation reactor

195 3.2.6
196 current collector

197 electronically conductive material in a cell/stack assembly unit that collects/conducts electrons

198 from/to the electrodes

199 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-06-07, modified – “electronically” added, “fuel cell”

200 replaced by “cell/stack assembly unit”, and “anode/cathode” replaced by “electrodes”. ]

201 3.2.7
202 current density
203 current per unit active area of the electrode
2 2
204 Note 1 to entry: The current density is expressed in A/m or A/cm .
205 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-12-01, modified –“of the electrode” added.]
206 3.2.8
207 derived quantities

208 quantities that can be derived or calculated from test input parameters, and/or test output

209 parameters (e.g. current density, reactant utilization, electric efficiency)
210 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.12, modified – Note 1 deleted.]
211 3.2.9
212 electrode gas
213 gas present at the positive or negative electrode
214 Note 1 to entry: Electrode gases can be reactants, products or inert gas.
215 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.14]
216 3.2.10
217 interconnector
218 interconnect

219 electronically conductive and gas-tight component connecting single cells in a stack

220 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-06-05, modified – “electronically” added.]
221 3.2.11
222 methanation reactor
223 catalytic reactor which converts CO , CO, and H into CH
2 2 4
224 3.2.12
225 minimum voltage
226 lowest cell/stack assembly unit voltage specified by the manufacturer
227 Note 1 to entry: Minimum voltage is expressed in V.
228 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.17]
229 3.2.13
230 maximum voltage
231 highest cell/stack assembly unit voltage specified by the manufacturer
232 Note 1 to entry: Maximum voltage is expressed in V.
233 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.18]
234 3.2.14
235 negative electrode
236 electrode at which fuel (reductant) gas is consumed or produced
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237 Note 1 to entry: In the case of electrolysis mode with an oxide-ion conducting electrolyte such as yttria-stabilized

238 zirconia in a SOC, steam is reduced to produce hydrogen or a mixture of steam and CO is reduced to produce H +

2 2
239 CO.

240 Note 2 to entry: In the case of electrolysis mode for a proton conducting SOC, the negative electrode gas is

241 hydrogen and/or inert gas (case 2 in Figure 1) or a mixture of hydrogen, CO and/or inert gas (case 1, co-electrolysis).

242 [SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.19]
243 3.2.15
244 open-circuit voltage
245 OCV

246 voltage across the stack terminals of a SOC with positive and negative electrode gases present

247 and in the absence of external cur
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