SIST EN 14704-2:2007
(Main)Determination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 2: Multiaxial tests
Determination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 2: Multiaxial tests
This European Standard specifies the methods of test, which can be used to measure elasticity and related properties of fabrics, when they undergo a deformation of their surface, excluding narrow fabrics. Two methods are specified, one a dynamic method (method A) and the other a static method (method B).
The results obtained cannot be compared. The choice of method should be agreed between parties and indicated in the test report.
Bestimmung der Elastizität von textilen Flächengebilden - Teil 2: Multiaxiale Prüfungen
Diese Norm beschreibt die Prüfverfahren, die zur Messung der Elastizität und zugehöriger Eigenschaften von textilen Flächengebilden mit Ausnahme von Schmaltextilen anzuwenden sind, wenn deren Oberfläche einer Verformung ausgesetzt wird. Zwei Verfahren werden genannt, von denen das eine (Verfahren A) ein dynamisches Verfahren und das andere (Verfahren B) ein statisches Verfahren ist.
Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse können verglichen werden; die Wahl des Verfahrens sollte zwischen den Parteien vereinbart und im Prüfbericht angegeben werden.
Détermination de l'élasticité des étoffes - Partie 2: Essais multiaxiaux
La présente Norme Européenne spécifie les méthodes d’essai qui peuvent etre appliquées pour mesurer l’élasticité et les propriétés afférentes des étoffes lorsqu’elles sont soumises a la déformation de leur surface, a l’exclusion des étoffes étroites. Elle spécifie deux méthodes, l’une dynamique (méthode A) et l’autre statique (méthode B).
Les résultats obtenus ne peuvent etre comparés. Il convient que le choix de la méthode fasse l’objet d’un accord entre les parties intéressées et soit indiqué dans le rapport d’essai.
Ugotavljanje elastičnosti ploskovnih tekstilij - 2. del: Multiaksialni preskusi
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Determination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 2: Multiaxial testsDétermination de l'élasticité des étoffes - Partie 2: Essais multiaxiauxBestimmung der Elastizität von textilen Flächengebilden - Teil 2: Multiaxiale PrüfungenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14704-2:2007SIST EN 14704-2:2007en;fr;de59.080.30TkanineTextile fabricsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14704-2:200701-julij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14704-2February 2007ICS 59.080.30 English VersionDetermination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 2: Multiaxial testsDétermination de l'élasticité des étoffes - Partie 2: EssaismultiaxiauxBestimmung der Elastizität von textilen Flächengebilden -Teil 2: Multiaxiale PrüfungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 January 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14704-2:2007: E
EN 14704-2:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.5 5 Sampling.5 6 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing.5 7 Preparation of test specimens.5 8 Method A – Dynamic test.6 9 Method B – Static test.8 Annex A (informative)
Example of a typical cycling graph.12 Annex B (informative)
Procedure for sampling.13 Annex C (informative)
Example of a pattern for cutting test specimens from a laboratory sample.14 Annex D (informative)
Method A - Dynamic test equipment.15 Annex E (informative)
Method B - Static test equipment.18
EN 14704-2:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14704-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2007. The reasons for the development of this European Standard are because of technical advancements in yarn and fabric structures and properties, which increase product range and developments. EN 14704 Determination of the elasticity of fabrics consists of the following parts: Part 1: Strip tests Part 2: Multiaxial tests Part 3: Narrow fabrics According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14704-2:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the methods of test, which can be used to measure elasticity and related properties of fabrics, when they undergo a deformation of their surface, excluding narrow fabrics.
Two methods are specified, one a dynamic method (method A) and the other a static method (method B). The results obtained cannot be compared. The choice of method should be agreed between parties and indicated in the test report. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14704-1, Determination of the elasticity of fabrics — Part 1: Strip tests EN ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:2005) EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
(ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO 10012, Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment (ISO 10012:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 narrow fabric woven or knitted construction intended for use as a trim, binding, edging, strapping or harness, and designed to be used in its full width 3.2 elasticity property of a material by virtue of which it tends to recover its original size and shape immediately after the removal of the force causing deformation 3.3 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine tensile testing machine provided with one clamp, which is stationary and another clamp, which moves with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from deflection 3.4 bagging residual deformation, expressed in millimetres, between the original state and the state of the surface when it has undergone a multidirectional force, which by repetition creates a “bag” 3.5 maximum deformation maximum deformation, expressed in millimetres, developed when a specified force is applied to the surface of the test specimen compared to the original state of a test specimen
EN 14704-2:2007 (E) 5 3.6 residual deformation deformation, expressed in millimetres, after the removal of the hemispherical probe and an agreed recovery time 3.7 maximum force force recorded in newtons at the position when a test specimen is taken to a fixed distension 3.8 modulus force measured at a given distension on either the load or unload curves 3.9 cycle process whereby a fabric is taken from the original position to a fixed load or fixed distension and returned to the original position 3.10 force decay due to time loss of force measured over time when a test specimen is stretched to a specified distension or force and held at this position for a given time period NOTE The decay in force is expressed as a percentage of the original force recorded at the specified position. See Annex A. 4 Principle A fabric test specimen of specified dimensions is distended at a constant rate to either a specified force or distension for an agreed number of cycles, and its elasticity determined by measuring certain characteristics. 5 Sampling Fabric samples shall be selected in accordance with the product specification. In the absence of a product specification for the fabric, the sampling method given in Annex B may be used. 6 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN ISO 139. The fabric samples shall be conditioned for a minimum of 20 h in a tension free state. The prepared specimens shall be conditioned in a tension free state for a further 4 h after preparation, to minimise the effects of handling during preparation. 7 Preparation of test specimens From each laboratory sample prepare a minimum of five test specimens. For Method A, no test specimens shall be cut from within 150 mm of either edge of the laboratory sample. No test specimen taken from the sample shall contain the same ends and picks or wales and courses. NOTE An example of a suitable pattern for cutting test specimens from the laboratory sample is given in Annex C. Avoid selecting test specimens from folded or creased areas, selvedges and areas not representative of the fabric.
EN 14704-2:2007 (E) 6 8 Method A – Dynamic test 8.1 Apparatus 8.1.1 CRE testing machine Metrological confirmation system of the tensile testing machine shall be in accordance with
EN ISO 10012. The constant-rate-of-extension testing machine shall conform to the following. a) The tensile testing machine shall be provided with the means for indicating or recording the force and deformation values when cycling between the original position and either a fixed load or fixed deformation. Under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be at least class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1. The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not exceed 1 % and the error of the indicated or recorded jaw separation shall not exceed 1 mm. b) If recording of force or elongation is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least eight per second. c) The machine shall be capable of constant rates of distension including 20 mm/min to 500 mm/min with an accuracy of ± 10 %. d) The machine shall be capable of variable gauge length settings including 0 to 100 mm, to an accuracy of ± 1 mm. e) The clamping ring and probe shall be positioned with the centre in line with the applied force. The machine shall be calibrated with the clamp and probe in position. The clamping ring shall be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip and designed so that it does not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen (see Annex D). 8.1.2 Equipment for cutting circular test specimens to the required dimensions. 8.1.3 Calibrated metal rule graduated in millimetres. 8.2 Test specimen preparation Each test specimen shall be cut (145 ± 2) mm in diameter (see Annex C). 8.3 Procedure for loading test specimen in clamping ring (see Figures D.1 and D.2) 8.3.1 Position the clamping ring (2) onto loading base (7), place the test specimen face down into the ring, the face of the fabric will be visible to the operator during the test. Next locate holding ring (4) onto the specimen and finally locking ring (5) and screw down on the specimen. 8.3.2 Set the distension rate of the specimen at 100 mm/min for woven and non-woven fabrics and
500 mm/min for knitted. 8.3.3 Fix a suitable lo
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