SIST-TS ISO/TS 10128:2010
Graphic technology - Methods of adjustment of the colour reproduction of a printing system to match a set of characterization data
Graphic technology - Methods of adjustment of the colour reproduction of a printing system to match a set of characterization data
ISO/TS 10128:2009 specifies three methods for the adjustment of the digital content data that is input to a printing system to achieve consistency in the printed results among a number of presses printing to the same general aim conditions. These three methods are generally identified as
the matching of tone value curves,
the use of near-neutral scales, and
the use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms.
The procedures for establishing the aim condition for the necessary transfer curves, the procedures for determining the individual transfer curves, and a comparison of the applicability of these three methods are included.
These adjustment procedures are applicable to printing systems that use CMYK colourants but are not restricted to those that use traditional ink on paper printing but can involve other marking technologies such as those used for proofing and/or digital printing.
Technologie graphique - Méthodes d'ajustage de la reproduction de couleurs d'un système d'impression pour correspondre à un ensemble de données de caractérisation
Grafična tehnologija - Metode za prilagajanje barvne reprodukcije na tiskarskem sistemu, da ustreza želenim karakterističnim vrednostim
Ta tehnična specifikacija določa tri metode za prilagajanje digitalnih vsebinskih podatkov, ki se vnašajo v tiskarski sistem, za doseganje doslednosti natisnjenih rezultatov med številnimi tiskarskimi stroji, ki tiskajo pod istimi splošnimi ciljnimi pogoji. Te tri metode se v splošnem označujejo kot a) prilagajanje krivulj vrednosti tona, b) uporaba skoraj nevtralnih lestvic, in c) uporaba večdimenzionalnih transformacij iz CMYK v CMYK. Vključeni so postopki za vzpostavljanje ciljnih pogojev za potrebne krivulje prenosa, postopki za določanje posameznih krivulj prenosa in primerjava uporabnosti teh treh metod. Postopki prilagajanja veljajo za tiskarske sisteme, ki uporabljajo barvila CMYK, a niso omejeni na sisteme, ki uporabljajo tradicionalno tiskanje barve na papir, pač pa lahko vključujejo druge označevalne tehnologije, kot so tiste, ki se uporabljajo za poskusno in/ali digitalno tiskanje.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2010
*UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMD0HWRGH]DSULODJDMDQMHEDUYQHUHSURGXNFLMHQDWLVNDUVNHP
VLVWHPXGDXVWUH]DåHOHQLPNDUDNWHULVWLþQLPYUHGQRVWLP
Graphic technology - Methods of adjustment of the colour reproduction of a printing
system to match a set of characterization data
Technologie graphique - Méthodes d'ajustage de la reproduction de couleurs d'un
système d'impression pour correspondre à un ensemble de données de caractérisation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TS 10128:2009
ICS:
37.100.10 Reprodukcijska oprema Reproduction equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 10128
First edition
2009-07-01
Graphic technology — Methods of
adjustment of the colour reproduction of
a printing system to match a set of
characterization data
Technologie graphique — Méthodes d'ajustage de la reproduction de
couleurs d'un système d'impression pour correspondre à un ensemble
de données de caractérisation
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Procedures .3
4.1 General.3
4.2 Matching of tone value curves .4
4.3 Use of near-neutral scales .5
4.4 Use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms .7
5 Applicability of each method.8
Annex A (normative) Tone value .9
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
ISO/TS 10128 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Introduction
As the printing and publishing world has embraced the use of digital data and the preparation of printing plates
directly from digital data (often referred to as computer to plate or CTP), it has struggled to find ways to take
better advantage of the electronic data manipulation opportunities offered. When traditional half-tone film was
the medium of exchange of final material and the input to the printing plate and press operation, the primary
methodology available to the printer to match industry aims and standards was to force the press, ink and
paper to be as close as possible to the references upon which the printing standards were based. Today, with
digital data input, it is recognized that modification of that digital data can be used to compensate (adjust) for
some of the differences in press, ink and paper between various printing sites and between the actual
conditions at a specific site and the reference or standard printing condition.
As part of the introduction of digital technology, the printing industries (and its standards activities) have begun
to establish reference characterization data corresponding to various printing specifications and conditions.
Characterization data is generally defined as the relationship between the CMYK digital input values (in the
data file exchanged) and the measured colorimetric values for the colour printed in response to these values.
Discussions within Technical Committee ISO/TC 130 have identified three general methods by which
compensation for differences in printing conditions can be accomplished. Two of these make use of individual
one-dimensional transforms (i.e. plate curves) for each printing channel, but differ in the method by which
these transforms are determined. These are referred to as matching of tone value curves and use of near-
neutral scales. The third method makes use of multi-dimensional transforms such as International Color
Consortium (ICC) device-link profiles.
The features and general methodology for use of these adjustment techniques is the subject of this Technical
Specification. The goal is to provide a common understanding of these procedures across the industry, to
allow consistency between implementations, and to facilitate communication of the adjustments used/desired
in particular workflows.
It is important to recognize that these are not competitive solutions, but each have different strengths and
weaknesses in individual workflow applications. It is the choice of the individual print facility and/or the
involved trade associations to decide how to best apply these capabilities, made possible through the use of
digital data.
The basic assumption behind the use of characterization data and these correction techniques is that a
printing process can be repeatedly restored to a prior printing condition and that condition can be maintained
both within a run and between runs. A variety of process control methods can be used to achieve this
repeatability. Solid ink reflectance density and tone value increase based on the specific materials involved,
and tied back to the conditions established during characterization are common process control tools that are
used in addition to the data adjustment techniques described in this document. These adjustment techniques
work together with process control to achieve the printing quality desired.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that
compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent concerning recalibrating a multi-colour imaging
system given in 4.3.
ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ISO that he/she is willing to negotiate licences free of charge with
applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered
with ISO. Information may be obtained from:
Intellectual Property Standards and Transactions
Eastman Kodak Company
343 State Street, Rochester, NY 14650, USA
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 10128:2009(E)
Graphic technology — Methods of adjustment of the colour
reproduction of a printing system to match a set of
characterization data
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies three methods for the adjustment of the digital content data that is input
to a printing system to achieve consistency in the printed results among a number of presses printing to the
same general aim conditions. These three methods are generally identified as
a) the matching of tone value curves,
b) the use of near-neutral scales, and
c) the use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms.
The procedures for establishing the aim condition for the necessary transfer curves, the procedures for
determining the individual transfer curves, and a comparison of the applicability of these three methods are
included.
These adjustment procedures are applicable to printing systems that use CMYK colourants but are not
restricted to those that use traditional ink on paper printing but can involve other marking technologies such as
those used for proofing and/or digital printing.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12642-1, Graphic technology — Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing — Part 1:
Initial data set
ISO 12642-2, Graphic technology — Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing — Part 2:
Expanded data set
ISO 13655, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts
images
ISO 15076-1, Image technology colour management — Architecture, profile format and data structure —
Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2004-10
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
adjustment of a printing system with digital data
systematic modification of the content data received, to enable the results printed on a specific device to
match the appearance of the same content data as would have been printed on a reference device
3.2
digital printing
printing directly from digital data when there is no intermediate image carrier, or when the image carrier is
refreshed for each impression, and thus each impression can be different in content if desired
3.3
grey balance
set of tone values for cyan, magenta and yellow that are expected to appear as an achromatic grey under
specified viewing conditions when printed using the specified printin
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 10128
First edition
2009-07-01
Graphic technology — Methods of
adjustment of the colour reproduction of
a printing system to match a set of
characterization data
Technologie graphique — Méthodes d'ajustage de la reproduction de
couleurs d'un système d'impression pour correspondre à un ensemble
de données de caractérisation
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Procedures .3
4.1 General.3
4.2 Matching of tone value curves .4
4.3 Use of near-neutral scales .5
4.4 Use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms .7
5 Applicability of each method.8
Annex A (normative) Tone value .9
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
ISO/TS 10128 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Introduction
As the printing and publishing world has embraced the use of digital data and the preparation of printing plates
directly from digital data (often referred to as computer to plate or CTP), it has struggled to find ways to take
better advantage of the electronic data manipulation opportunities offered. When traditional half-tone film was
the medium of exchange of final material and the input to the printing plate and press operation, the primary
methodology available to the printer to match industry aims and standards was to force the press, ink and
paper to be as close as possible to the references upon which the printing standards were based. Today, with
digital data input, it is recognized that modification of that digital data can be used to compensate (adjust) for
some of the differences in press, ink and paper between various printing sites and between the actual
conditions at a specific site and the reference or standard printing condition.
As part of the introduction of digital technology, the printing industries (and its standards activities) have begun
to establish reference characterization data corresponding to various printing specifications and conditions.
Characterization data is generally defined as the relationship between the CMYK digital input values (in the
data file exchanged) and the measured colorimetric values for the colour printed in response to these values.
Discussions within Technical Committee ISO/TC 130 have identified three general methods by which
compensation for differences in printing conditions can be accomplished. Two of these make use of individual
one-dimensional transforms (i.e. plate curves) for each printing channel, but differ in the method by which
these transforms are determined. These are referred to as matching of tone value curves and use of near-
neutral scales. The third method makes use of multi-dimensional transforms such as International Color
Consortium (ICC) device-link profiles.
The features and general methodology for use of these adjustment techniques is the subject of this Technical
Specification. The goal is to provide a common understanding of these procedures across the industry, to
allow consistency between implementations, and to facilitate communication of the adjustments used/desired
in particular workflows.
It is important to recognize that these are not competitive solutions, but each have different strengths and
weaknesses in individual workflow applications. It is the choice of the individual print facility and/or the
involved trade associations to decide how to best apply these capabilities, made possible through the use of
digital data.
The basic assumption behind the use of characterization data and these correction techniques is that a
printing process can be repeatedly restored to a prior printing condition and that condition can be maintained
both within a run and between runs. A variety of process control methods can be used to achieve this
repeatability. Solid ink reflectance density and tone value increase based on the specific materials involved,
and tied back to the conditions established during characterization are common process control tools that are
used in addition to the data adjustment techniques described in this document. These adjustment techniques
work together with process control to achieve the printing quality desired.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that
compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent concerning recalibrating a multi-colour imaging
system given in 4.3.
ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ISO that he/she is willing to negotiate licences free of charge with
applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered
with ISO. Information may be obtained from:
Intellectual Property Standards and Transactions
Eastman Kodak Company
343 State Street, Rochester, NY 14650, USA
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 10128:2009(E)
Graphic technology — Methods of adjustment of the colour
reproduction of a printing system to match a set of
characterization data
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies three methods for the adjustment of the digital content data that is input
to a printing system to achieve consistency in the printed results among a number of presses printing to the
same general aim conditions. These three methods are generally identified as
a) the matching of tone value curves,
b) the use of near-neutral scales, and
c) the use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms.
The procedures for establishing the aim condition for the necessary transfer curves, the procedures for
determining the individual transfer curves, and a comparison of the applicability of these three methods are
included.
These adjustment procedures are applicable to printing systems that use CMYK colourants but are not
restricted to those that use traditional ink on paper printing but can involve other marking technologies such as
those used for proofing and/or digital printing.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12642-1, Graphic technology — Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing — Part 1:
Initial data set
ISO 12642-2, Graphic technology — Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing — Part 2:
Expanded data set
ISO 13655, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts
images
ISO 15076-1, Image technology colour management — Architecture, profile format and data structure —
Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2004-10
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
adjustment of a printing system with digital data
systematic modification of the content data received, to enable the results printed on a specific device to
match the appearance of the same content data as would have been printed on a reference device
3.2
digital printing
printing directly from digital data when there is no intermediate image carrier, or when the image carrier is
refreshed for each impression, and thus each impression can be different in content if desired
3.3
grey balance
set of tone values for cyan, magenta and yellow that are expected to appear as an achromatic grey under
specified viewing conditions when printed using the specified printing conditions
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 12647-1.
NOTE 2 The user can choose between the following two practical definitions and one theoretical definition of grey,
depending upon the particular context:
a) practical definitions:
1) a colour having the same CIELAB a* and b* values as the print substrate;
2) a colour that has the same CIELAB a* and b* values as a half-tone tint of similar L* value printed with black ink;
b) theoretical definition: the colorimetric definition of grey is when the CIELAB a* and b* values both equal 0.
3.4
tone value
A
proportional printing value encoded in a data file and interpreted as defined in the file format specification
NOTE 1 Most files store these data as 8-bit integer values, i.e. 0 to 255. The tone value, A, expressed as a percentage
of a pixel, is typically computed from the equation
⎛⎞VV−
p0
A=×100
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
VV−
⎝⎠100 0
where
V is the integer value of the pixel in the file;
p
V is the integer value corresponding to a tone value of 0 %;
V is the integer value corresponding to a tone value of 100 %.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 12647-1.
3.5
...
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