SIST EN 16714-2:2016
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Thermographic testing - Part 2: Equipment
Non-destructive testing - Thermographic testing - Part 2: Equipment
This standard describes properties and requirements of devices used for thermography for non-destructive testing.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Thermografische Prüfung - Teil 2: Geräte
Diese Europäische Norm legt Eigenschaften von und Anforderungen an Infrarot-Kameras (IR-Kameras) fest, die bei der thermografischen Untersuchung im Rahmen der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung eingesetzt werden.
Dieses Dokument liefert auch Beispiele für Anregungsquellen, deren Eigenschaften und Anforderungen in den Anwendungsnormen für die aktive Thermografie beschrieben sind.
Essais non destructifs - Essais thermographiques - Partie 2: Equipement
Neporušitveno preskušanje - Termografsko preskušanje - 2. del: Oprema
Ta standard opisuje lastnosti in zahteve naprav, ki se uporabljajo za termografijo neporušitvenega preskušanja.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Neporušitveno preskušanje - Termografsko preskušanje - 2. del: OpremaZerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Thermografische Prüfung - Teil 2: GeräteEssais non destructifs - Essais thermographiques - Partie 2: EquipementNon-destructive testing - Thermographic testing - Part 2: Equipment19.100Neporušitveno preskušanjeNon-destructive testingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16714-2:2016SIST EN 16714-2:2016en,fr,de01-november-2016SIST EN 16714-2:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16714-2:2016
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16714-2
August
t r s x ICS
s {ä s r r English Version
Nonædestructive testing æ Thermographic testing æ Part
tã Equipment Essais non destructifs æ Analyses thermographiques æ Partie
tã Equipement
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung æ Thermografische Prüfung æ Teil
tã Geräte This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t w June
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x y s væ tã t r s x ESIST EN 16714-2:2016
EN 16714-2:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Equipment . 5 4.1 Selection of infrared camera . 5 4.2 Classification of IR cameras . 5 4.2.1 General . 5 4.2.2 Temperature range . 6 4.2.3 Thermal resolution. 6 4.2.4 Spatial resolution and lenses . 7 4.2.5 Frame rate and temporal resolution . 7 4.2.6 Operating temperature range . 7 4.2.7 Storage temperature range . 7 4.2.8 Spectral filter . 7 4.3 Accessories . 8 4.3.1 Interchangeable lenses . 8 4.3.2 IR mirrors . 8 4.3.3 IR protective windows . 8 4.3.4 IR camera protective housing . 8 4.3.5 Examples of excitation sources for active thermography . 8 5 Function check and traceability . 9 5.1 General remarks . 9 5.2 Checks by the user . 9 5.3 Additional checks by the camera supplier . 9 5.4 Frequency of function checks . 9 Annex A (normative) Parameters and measuring methods for characterizing IR cameras . 10 A.1 Instantaneous field of view (IFOV) . 10 Figure A.1 — Instantaneous field of view (IFOV) . 11 A.2 Field of view (FOV). 12 Figure A.2 — Field of view (FOV) . 12 A.3 Slit response function (SRF) . 13 Figure A.3 — Principle for the determination of the slit response function (SRF) . 14 Figure A.4 — Slit response function (SRF). 15 A.4 Hole response function (HRF) . 15 A.5 Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD) . 16 A.6 Minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) . 16 Annex B (informative) Examples for accessories . 17 SIST EN 16714-2:2016
EN 16714-2:2016 (E) 3 B.1 Thermometer . 17 B.2 Moisture measuring devices . 17 B.3 Anemometer . 17 B.4 Clamp-on ammeter . 17 B.5 Cameras in the visible range . 17 B.6 Endoscope . 17 Bibliography . 18 SIST EN 16714-2:2016
EN 16714-2:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16714-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 16714, Non-destructive testing — Infrared thermographic testing consists of the following parts: — Part 1: General principles — Part 2: Equipment — Part 3: Terms and definitions According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16714-2:2016
EN 16714-2:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes properties and requirements of infrared cameras used for thermographic testing for non-destructive testing. This document gives also examples of excitation sources, the properties and requirements are described in application standards for active thermography. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16714-3, Non-destructive testing — Infrared thermographic testing — Part 3: Terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16714-3 apply. 4 Equipment 4.1 Selection of infrared camera The infrared camera (IR camera) has to be selected according to the application and the temperature of the inspected object. IR camera relevant parameters are: — spectral sensitivity; — temperature range; — thermal resolution; — spatial resolution; — frame rate; — temporal resolution. These parameters shall be provided by the manufacturer. 4.2 Classification of IR cameras 4.2.1 General IR cameras are classified according to detector arrangement and working principle. The classification according to the detector arrangement is: — single element detector with two-dimensional opto-mechanical scanning; — line scanner with one-dimensional opto-mechanical scanning or linear array; SIST EN 16714-2:2016
EN 16714-2:2016 (E) 6 — two-dimensional detector matrix without mechanical scanning (Focal Plane Array, FPA). Mechanical scanning is achieved by moving mirrors and/or prisms. However, the frame rate is limited due to the scanning. They are therefore less applicable to capture fast processes than FPA-cameras. The classification according to the detector working principle is: — thermal detectors; — quantum detectors. Thermal detectors, e.g. microbolometers or pyroelectric detectors, work at room temperature. Quantum detectors have to be cooled down to very low temperatures. Cooling is accomplished with multi-stage Peltier elements (thermo-electric), liquid nitrogen, expansion devices or refrigeration machines (Stirling engine). Quantum detectors have a higher sensitivity (specific detectivity D*) and can achieve higher frame rates than thermal detectors. IR cameras can be just imagers or radiometric calibrated devices. IR-imagers are sufficient for qualitative tasks like hot spot detection or analysis of radiation distributions. Radiometric calibrated IR-cameras allow for the measurements of radiance, temperature differences or absolute temperatures provided that object parameters, such as (but not limited to) emissivity and reflected apparent temperature are known. IR cameras are adapted to the transmission properties of the atmosphere for infrared radiation (atmospheric windows): — short Wave, SW: wavelength between approx. 0,8 µm and 2,0 µm; — mid Wave, MW:
wavelength between approx. 2,0 µm and 5,0 µm; — long Wave, LW: wavelength between approx. 8,0 µm and 14,0 µm. 4.2.2 Temperature range The temperature range is the interval between lowest and highest measurable temperature. The range should be specified for black-body temperatures (emissivity = 1). NOTE 1 Temperature range means the total temperature range, which can consist of several partial measurement ranges that can be adjusted separately at the device. NOTE 2 The use of optical components like spectral filters can alter the measurable temperature range. 4.2.3 Thermal resolution The thermal resolution describes the ability of an IR camera to resolve small temperature differences. The thermal resolution is commonly described by the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD, see A.5). The thermal resolution depends among others on: — the object temperature; — the integration time or response time; — the temperature range. Therefore, it shall be specified at least with indication of these values. The required thermal resolution depends strongly on the application. SIST EN 16714-2:2016
EN 16714-2:2016 (E) 7 NOTE Typical values for the thermal resolution for object temperatures around 300 K are 0,05 K for uncooled thermal detectors and 0,02 K for cooled quantum detectors. 4.2.4 Spatial resolution and lenses The spatial resolution describes the ability of an IR camera to resolve small objects or details. The spatial resolution is commonly quantified with the slit response function (SRF, see A.3), hole response function (HRF, see A.4) or the instantaneous field of view (IFOV, see A.1) which is field of view for a single detector element. These specifications are needed to calculate the spot size diameter. They depend not only on the camera itself but also on the field of view of the lens. The spot size diameter also depends on the distance between the camera and the object. The required spatial resolution of the combination IR camera / lens depends strongly on the size of the investigated object or object detail. NOTE A typical value for the horizontal viewing angle of a single detector element is 1 mrad (for a lens with a 20° field of view and a detector matrix of 320 horizontal detector elements). The minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD, see A.6) considers thermal as well as spatial resolution of IR cameras including the observer. The MRTD characterizes the ability of the combined system IR camera and human observer to resolve small temperature differences at small structures in relation with the whole FOV (see A.2). 4.2.5 Frame rate
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