Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 29: Multi-sensor fire detectors - Point detectors using a combination of smoke and heat sensors

This European Standard EN 54-29 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-type multi-sensor fire detectors for use in fire detection systems installed in buildings (see EN 54-1:1996), incorporating in one mechanical enclosure  at least one optical or ionization smoke sensor and at least one heat sensor. The overall fire detection performance is determined utilizing the combination of the detected phenomena.
Multi-sensor fire detectors having special characteristics suitable for the detection of specific fire risks are not covered by this standard. The performance requirements for any additional functions are beyond the scope of this standard (e.g. additional features or enhanced functionality for which this standard does not define a test or assessment method).
NOTE   Certain types of detector contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation protection differ from country to country and they are not specified in this standard.

Brandmeldeanlagen - Teil 29: Mehrfachsensor-Brandmelder - Punktförmige Melder mit kombinierten Rauch- und Wärmesensoren

Diese Europäische Norm EN 54-29 legt Anforderungen, Prüfverfahren und Leistungsmerkmale für punkt-förmige Mehrfachsensor-Brandmelder fest, die in Brandmeldeanlagen für Gebäude eingesetzt werden (siehe EN 54 1:1996) und die in einem Gehäuse mindestens einen Rauchsensor nach dem Durchlicht- oder Ionisationsprinzip und mindestens einen Wärmesensor enthalten. Ihre Gesamtleistung bei der Brandmeldung ergibt sich aus der Kombination der detektierten Brandphänomene.
Mehrfachsensormelder mit speziellen Merkmalen, geeignet für besondere Brandrisiken, sind nicht Gegen-stand dieser Norm. Die Leistungsanforderungen an alle zusätzlichen Funktionen fallen nicht in den Anwen-dungsbereich dieser Norm (z. B. werden in dieser Norm für zusätzliche Merkmale oder für eine verbesserte Funktionstüchtigkeit keine Prüf  oder Bewertungsverfahren festgelegt).
ANMERKUNG   Einige Meldertypen enthalten radioaktive Stoffe. Die nationalen Anforderungen für den Schutz gegen ionisierende Strahlung sind in den Ländern unterschiedlich und werden deshalb in der vorliegenden Norm nicht festgelegt.

Systèmes de détection et d'alarme incendie - Partie 29 : Détecteurs d'incendie multicapteurs - Détecteurs ponctuels utilisant une combinaison de capteurs de fumée et de chaleur

La présente Norme européenne, EN 54-29, spécifie les exigences, les méthodes d'essai et les critères de performance pour les détecteurs d'incendie ponctuels multicapteurs destinés à être utilisés dans les systèmes de détection d'incendie installés dans les bâtiments (voir EN 54-1:1996), incorporant dans une seule enveloppe mécanique au moins un capteur de fumée optique ou à ionisation et au moins un capteur de chaleur. La performance globale de détection du feu est déterminée en utilisant la combinaison des phénomènes détectés.
Les détecteurs d'incendie multicapteurs possédant des caractéristiques particulières adaptées à la détection de risques d'incendie spécifiques ne sont pas pris en compte dans la présente norme. Les exigences de performance relatives à toute autre fonction ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application de la présente norme (par exemple, des caractéristiques supplémentaires ou une fonctionnalité améliorée pour lesquelles la présente norme ne définit pas d'essai ou de méthode d'évaluation).
NOTE   Certains types de détecteurs contiennent des matières radioactives. Les exigences nationales de radioprotection variant d'un pays à l'autre, celles-ci ne sont pas spécifiées dans la présente norme.

Sistemi za odkrivanje in javljanje požara ter alarmiranje - 29. del: Večsenzorski javljalniki  požara - Točkovni javljalniki s senzorjema za zaznavanje dima in toplote

General Information

Status
Not Published
Public Enquiry End Date
19-Jan-2010
Technical Committee
Current Stage
98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
Start Date
02-Jun-2020
Due Date
07-Jun-2020
Completion Date
02-Jun-2020
Draft
oSIST prEN 54-29:2009
English language
82 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2009
6LVWHPL]DRGNULYDQMHLQMDYOMDQMHSRåDUDWHUDODUPLUDQMHGHO9HþVHQ]RUVNL
MDYOMDOQLNLSRåDUD7RþNRYQLMDYOMDOQLNLVVHQ]RUMHPD]D]D]QDYDQMHGLPDLQWRSORWH
Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 29: Multi-sensor fire detectors - Point
detectors using a combination of smoke and heat sensors
Brandmeldeanlagen - Teil 29: Mehrfachsensor-Brandmelder - Punktförmige Melder mit
kombinierten Rauch- und Wärmesensoren
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 54-29
ICS:
13.220.20 3RåDUQD]DãþLWD Fire protection
13.320 Alarmni in opozorilni sistemi Alarm and warning systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 54-29
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2009
ICS 13.220.20
English Version
Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 29: Multi-sensor fire
detectors - Point detectors using a combination of smoke and
heat sensors
Brandmeldeanlagen - Teil 29: Mehrfachsensor-
Brandmelder - Punktförmige Melder mit kombinierten
Rauch- und Wärmesensoren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 72.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 54-29:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .6
Introduction .7
1 Scope .8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 Requirements .9
4.1 Compliance .9
4.2 Individual alarm indication . 10
4.3 Connection of ancillary devices . 10
4.4 Monitoring of detachable detectors . 10
4.5 Manufacturer's adjustments . 10
4.6 On-site adjustment of response behaviour . 10
4.7 Protection against the ingress of foreign bodies . 10
4.8 Response to slowly developing fires. 10
4.9 Position of the heat sensors . 11
4.10 Marking . 11
4.11 Data . 11
4.12 Additional requirements for software controlled detectors . 12
4.12.1 General . 12
4.12.2 Software documentation . 12
4.12.3 Software design . 13
4.12.4 The storage of programs and data. 13
5 Test methods . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests . 13
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests . 13
5.1.3 Mounting arrangements . 14
5.1.4 Tolerances . 14
5.1.5 Measurement of smoke response value . 14
5.1.6 Measurement of heat response value . 15
5.1.7 Provision for tests . 15
5.1.8 Test schedule . 15
5.2 Repeatability of smoke response. 17
5.2.1 Object . 17
5.2.2 Test procedure . 17
5.2.3 Requirements . 17
5.3 Directional dependence of smoke response . 17
5.3.1 Object . 17
5.3.2 Test procedure . 17
5.3.3 Requirements . 17
5.4 Directional dependence of heat response . 18
5.4.1 Object of test . 18
5.4.2 Test procedure . 18
5.4.3 Requirements . 18
5.5 Lower limit of heat sensitivity . 18
5.5.1 Object of the test. 18
5.5.2 Test procedure . 18
5.5.3 Requirements . 18
5.6 Reproducibility of smoke response . 19
prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
5.6.1 Object . 19
5.6.2 Test procedure . 19
5.6.3 Requirements . 19
5.7 Reproducibility of heat response . 19
5.7.1 Object of the test . 19
5.7.2 Test procedure . 19
5.7.3 Requirements . 19
5.8 Variation in supply parameters . 19
5.8.1 Object . 19
5.8.2 Test procedure . 20
5.8.3 Requirements . 20
5.9 Air movement . 20
5.9.1 Object of test . 20
5.9.2 Test procedure . 20
5.9.3 Requirements . 20
5.10 Dazzling . 21
5.10.1 Object of test . 21
5.10.2 Test procedure . 21
5.10.3 Requirements . 21
5.11 Dry heat (operational) . 22
5.11.1 Object . 22
5.11.2 Test procedure . 22
5.11.3 Requirements . 22
5.12 Cold (operational) . 22
5.12.1 Object . 22
5.12.2 Test procedure . 22
5.12.3 Requirements . 23
5.13 Damp heat, cyclic (operational) . 23
5.13.1 Object . 23
5.13.2 Test procedure . 23
5.13.3 Requirements . 24
5.14 Damp heat, steady state (endurance) . 25
5.14.1 Object . 25
5.14.2 Test procedure . 25
5.14.3 Requirements . 25
5.15 Sulphur dioxide SO corrosion (endurance) . 26
5.15.1 Object . 26
5.15.2 Test procedure . 26
5.15.3 Requirements . 26
5.16 Shock (operational) . 27
5.16.1 Object . 27
5.16.2 Test procedure . 27
5.16.3 Requirements . 27
5.17 Impact (operational) . 28
5.17.1 Object . 28
5.17.2 Test procedure . 28
5.17.3 Requirements . 29
5.18 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational) . 29
5.18.1 Object . 29
5.18.2 Test procedure . 29
5.18.3 Requirements . 30
5.19 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) . 30
5.19.1 Object . 30
5.19.2 Test procedure . 30
5.19.3 Requirements . 31
5.20 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Immunity tests (operational) . 31
5.20.1 Object . 31
5.20.2 Test procedure . 31
5.20.3 Requirements . 32
prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
5.21 Fire sensitivity . 32
5.21.1 Object . 32
5.21.2 Principle . 32
5.21.3 Test procedure . 32
5.21.4 Requirements . 34
Annex A (normative) Smoke tunnel for smoke response values . 35
Annex B (normative) Test aerosol for smoke response value measurements. 36
Annex C (normative) Smoke measuring instruments . 37
C.1 Obscuration meter . 37
C.2 Measuring ionization chamber (MIC) . 38
C.2.1 General . 38
C.2.2 Operating method and basic construction . 38
C.2.3 Technical data . 40
Annex D (normative) Heat tunnel for heat response value . 42
Annex E (normative) Apparatus for dazzling test . 43
Annex F (informative) Apparatus for impact test . 44
Annex G (normative) Fire test room . 46
Annex H (normative) Open wood fire (TF1) . 48
H.1 Fuel . 48
H.2 Conditioning . 48
H.3 Preparation . 48
H.4 Arrangement . 48
H.5 Ignition . 48
H.6 Method of ignition . 48
H.7 Test validity criteria . 48
H.8 Variables . 49
H.9 End-of-test condition . 49
Annex I (normative) Smouldering (pyrolysis) wood fire (TF2) . 51
I.1 Fuel . 51
I.2 Hotplate . 51
I.3 Arrangement . 51
I.4 Heating rate . 51
I.5 End-of-test condition . 51
I.6 Test validity criteria . 51
Annex J (normative) Glowing smouldering cotton fire (TF3) . 53
J.1 Fuel . 53
J.2 Arrangement . 53
J.3 Ignition . 53
J.4 End-of-test condition . 54
J.5 Test validity criteria . 54
Annex K (normative) Open plastics (polyurethane) fire (TF4) . 55
K.1 Fuel . 55
K.2 Conditioning . 55
K.3 Arrangement . 55
K.4 Ignition . 55
K.5 Method of ignition . 55
K.6 End-of-test condition . 55
K.7 Test validity criteria . 55
Annex L (normative) Liquid (heptane) fire (TF5) . 57
L.1 Fuel . 57
L.2 Arrangement . 57
L.3 Ignition . 57
L.4 End-of-test condition . 57
prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
L.5 Test validity criteria . 57
Annex M (normative)  Low temperature black smoke (decalene) liquid fire (TF8) . 59
M.1 Fuel . 59
M.2 Arrangement . 59
M.3 Ignition . 59
M.4 End-of-test condition . 59
M.5 Test validity criteria . 59
Annex N (informative) Information concerning the construction of the smoke tunnel . 61
Annex O (informative) Construction of the heat tunnel . 63
Annex P (informative) Information concerning test procedures and requirements for the response
to slowly developing fires. 66
Annex Q (informative) Information concerning the construction of the measuring ionization
chamber . 70
Annex R (normative) Additional requirements and test methods for detectors with more than one
smoke sensor . 72
R.1 General . 72
R.2 Measurement of the smoke response value for detectors with more than one smoke
sensor . 72
R.3 Assessment of sensor stability . 72
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU
Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC) . 74
ZA.1 Scope and relevant clauses . 74
ZA.2 Procedures for the attestation of conformity of control and indicating equipment covered
by this standard . 75
ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity . 75
ZA.2.2 Evaluation of conformity . 76
ZA.3 CE marking and labelling and accompanying documentation . 80
ZA.4 EC certificate of conformity and EC declaration of conformity . 81

prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 54-29:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 72 “Fire detection
and fire alarm systems”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
EN 54 "Fire detection and fire alarm systems" consists of the following parts:
Part 1: Introduction
Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
Part 3: Fire alarm devices – Sounders
Part 4: Power supply equipment
Part 5: Heat detectors – Point detectors
Part 7: Smoke detectors – Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
Part 10: Flame detector – Point detectors
Part 11: Manual call points
Part 12: Smoke detectors – Line detector using an optical light beam
Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
Part 14: Guidelines for planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance
Part 16: Voice alarm control and indicating equipment
Part 17: Short circuit isolators
Part 18: Input/output devices
Part 20: Aspirating smoke detectors
Part 21: Alarm transmission and fault warning routing equipment
Part 22: Resettable Line-type heat detectors
Part 23: Fire alarm devices – Visual alarms
Part 24: Components of voice alarm systems – Loudspeakers
Part 25: Components using radio links and system requirements
Part 26: Point fire detectors using carbon monoxide sensors
Part 27: Duct smoke detectors
Part 28: Non-resettable (digital) line type heat detectors
Part 29: Point detectors using a combination of smoke and heat sensors
Part 30: Point detectors using a combination of carbon monoxide and heat sensors

prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
Introduction
Multi-sensor detectors combining smoke and heat sensors complying with this document are general purpose
fire detectors. Multi-sensor detectors can be used to achieve:
- a high stability against deceptive phenomena,
- a response to a broad range of fires.
The response to a broad range of fires is shown by including the test fires TF1 and TF8 in addition to the test
fires TF2 to TF5 which are used for detectors complying with EN 54-7.
The performance of single sensor components of a multi-sensor detector need not comply with the standards
for single phenomena fire detectors (EN 54-5, EN 54-7) however the combined performance does need to
meet the requirements of this standard.
This standard does not cover modes of operation, in which only one fire phenomenon is evaluated. This
standard does not include tests for additional alarm outputs corresponding to the sensing of only one fire
phenomenon.
prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard EN 54-29 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-
type multi-sensor fire detectors for use in fire detection systems installed in buildings (see EN 54-1:1996),
incorporating in one mechanical enclosure at least one optical or ionization smoke sensor and at least one
heat sensor. The overall fire detection performance is determined utilizing the combination of the detected
phenomena.
Multi-sensor fire detectors having special characteristics suitable for the detection of specific fire risks are not
covered by this standard. The performance requirements for any additional functions are beyond the scope of
this standard (e.g. additional features or enhanced functionality for which this standard does not define a test
or assessment method).
NOTE Certain types of detector contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation protection differ
from country to country and they are not specified in this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 54-1:1996, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 1: Introduction
EN 54-5:2000, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 5: Heat detectors – Point detectors
EN 54-5:2000/A1:2002, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 5: Heat detectors – Point detectors
EN 54-7:2000, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 7: Smoke detectors — Point detectors using
scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
EN 54-7:2000/A1:2002, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 7: Smoke detectors — Point detectors
using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
EN 54-7:2000/A2:2006, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 7: Smoke detectors — Point detectors
using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
EN 50130-4:1995, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard:
immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
EN 50130-4:1995/A1:1998, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family
standard: immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
EN 50130-4:1995/A2:2003, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family
standard: immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
EN 60068-1:1994, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
EN 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests; Test A: Cold
EN 60068-2-2:1993, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests; Tests B; Dry heat
EN 60068-2-2:1993/A1:1993, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests; Tests B; Dry heat
EN 60068-2-6:1995, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration
prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
EN 60068-2-27:1993, Environmental testing, Test methods, Environmental testing procedures — Part 2-
27: Tests; Test Ea & Guidance: Shock
EN 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing — Part 2–30: Tests; Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12+12 hour
cycle)
EN 60068-2-42:2003, Environmental testing, Test methods — Part 2-42: Tests; Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test
for contacts and connections
EN 60068-2-75:1997, Environmental testing — Part 2-75: Tests — Test Eh: Hammer
EN 60068-2-78:2001, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
EN ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems – Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 54-1:1996 and the following apply.
3.1
non-volatile memory
memory elements which do not require the presence of an energy source for the retention of their contents
3.2
site specific data
alterable data required for the detector to operate in a defined detector configuration
3.3
smoke response value
aerosol density in the proximity of a test specimen at the moment that it generates a reference signal in a
smoke tunnel
3.4
heat response value
temperature in the proximity of a test specimen at the moment that it generates a reference signal in a heat
tunnel
3.5
sensor
transducer, which is assigned to be receptive to one fire phenomenon and converts its information into an
electrical output
4 Requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this standard, the detector shall:
- meet the requirements of this clause, which shall be verified by visual inspection or engineering
assessment,
- be tested as described in Clause 5
- for detectors with more than one smoke sensor be tested additionally according to Annex R,
- meet the requirements of the tests.
prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
4.2 Individual alarm indication
Each detector shall be provided with an integral red visual indicator, by which the individual detector that
released an alarm, can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. Where other conditions of the detector
can be visually indicated, they shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm indication, except when the
detector is switched into a service mode. For detachable detectors, the indicator may be integral with the base
or the detector head. The visual indicator shall be visible from a distance of 6 m directly below the detector, in
an ambient light intensity up to 500 lux.
4.3 Connection of ancillary devices
Where the detector provides for connections to ancillary devices (e.g. remote indicators, control relays),
open- or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector.
4.4 Monitoring of detachable detectors
For detachable detectors, a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system (e.g. the control and
indicating equipment) to detect the removal of the head from the base, in order to give a fault signal.
4.5 Manufacturer's adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer's settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a
special code or tool) or by breaking or removing a seal.
4.6 On-site adjustment of response behaviour
If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the response behaviour of the detector then:
a) for each setting at which the manufacturer claims compliance with this standard, the detector shall comply
with the requirements of this standard, and access to the adjustment means shall only be possible by the
use of a code or special tool or by removing the detector from its base or mounting;
b) any setting(s) at which the manufacturer does not claim compliance with this standard, shall only be
accessible by the use of a code or special tool, and it shall be clearly marked on the detector or in the
associated data, that if these setting(s) are used, the detector does not comply with the standard.
NOTE These adjustments may be carried out at the detector or at the control and indicating equipment.
4.7 Protection against the ingress of foreign bodies
The detector shall be so designed that a sphere of diameter (1,3 ± 0,05) mm cannot pass into the smoke
sensor chamber(s).
NOTE This requirement is intended to restrict the access of insects into the sensitive parts of the detector. It is known
that this requirement is not sufficient to prevent the access of all insects, however it is considered that extreme restrictions
on the size of access holes may introduce the danger of clogging by dust etc. It may therefore be necessary to take other
precautions against false alarms due to the entry of small insects.

4.8 Response to slowly developing fires

The provision of "drift compensation" (e.g. to compensate for sensor drift due to the build up of dirt in the
detector), shall not lead to a significant reduction in the detector's sensitivity to slowly developing fires.

prEN 54-29:2009 (E)
Since it is not practical to make tests with very slow increases in smoke density, an assessment of the
detector's response to slow increases in smoke density shall be made by analysis of the circuit/software,
and/or physical tests and simulations.

The detector shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this clause if this assessment shows that:

a) for any rate of increase in smoke density R, which is greater than A/4 per hour (where A is the detector's
initial uncompensated response threshold value), the time for the detector to give an alarm does not exceed
1,6 x A/R by more than 100 s; and

b) the range of compensation is limited such that, throughout this range, the compensation does not cause the
response threshold value of the detector to exceed its initial value by a factor greater than 1,6.
NOTE Further information about the assessment of these requirements is given in Annex P.
4.9 Position of the heat sensors
The detector shall be constructed such, that at least part of the heat sensing element(s) of its heat sensor(s),
shall be ≥ 15 mm from the mounting surface of the detector.
4.10 Marking
Each detector shall be clearly marked with the following informatio
...

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