SIST EN ISO 16000-2:2006

Indoor air - Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde (ISO 16000-2:2004)

This part of ISO 16000 is intended as an aid to planning formaldehyde indoor pollution measurements. In the case of indoor air measurements1) , the careful planning of sampling and the entire measurement strategy are of particular significance, since the result of the measurement can have far-reaching consequences, for example, with regard to the need for remedial action or the success of such an action.

Innenraumluftverunreinigungen - Teil 2: Probenahmestrategie für Formaldehyd (ISO 16000-2:2004)

Dieser Teil der ISO 16000 legt Hilfestellungen zur Planung von Messungen der Luftverunreinigungen in
Innenräumen fest 1) . Die sorgfältige Planung der Probenahme und der gesamten Messstrategie ist bei Innen-raumluftuntersuchungen
von besonderer Tragweite, da das Untersuchungsergebnis erhebliche
Konsequenzen haben kann, so z. B. hinsichtlich eines Sanierungsbedarfs oder des Erfolges einer Sanierung.

Air intérieur - Partie 2: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du formaldéhyde (ISO 16000-2:2004)

L'ISO 16000-2:2004 est destinée à faciliter la planification des mesurages de la pollution au formaldéhyde dans l'air intérieur . Dans le cas de mesurages dans l'air intérieur, la planification soigneuse de l'échantillonnage et la stratégie globale d'échantillonnage jouent un rôle particulièrement important car le résultat obtenu lors du mesurage peut être lourd de conséquences en ce qui concerne, par exemple, la nécessité d'établir des actions correctives ou le succès de telles actions.

Notranji zrak – 2. del: Strategija vzorčenja formaldehida (ISO 16000-2:2004)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2006
• ICS: 13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
• Technical Committee: KAZ - Air quality
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Jul-2006
• Due Date: 01-Jul-2006
• Completion Date: 01-Jul-2006
• Directive: 89/106/EEC - Construction products
• Ref Project: EN ISO 16000-2:2006 - Indoor air - Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde (ISO 16000-2:2004)

Relations

• Revised: SIST ISO 16000-2:2004 - Indoor air - Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
• Effective Date: 21-Oct-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 16000-2:2006
01-julij-2006
1RWUDQML]UDN±GHO6WUDWHJLMDY]RUþHQMDIRUPDOGHKLGD,62
Indoor air - Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde (ISO 16000-2:2004)
Innenraumluftverunreinigungen - Teil 2: Probenahmestrategie für Formaldehyd (ISO
16000-2:2004)
Air intérieur - Partie 2: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du formaldéhyde (ISO 16000-2:2004)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16000-2:2006
ICS:
13.040.20
SIST EN ISO 16000-2:2006 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16000-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2006
ICS 13.040.20

English Version
Indoor air - Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde (ISO
16000-2:2004)
Air intérieur - Partie 2: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du Innenraumluftverunreinigungen - Teil 2:
formaldéhyde (ISO 16000-2:2004) Probenahmestrategie für Formaldehyd (ISO 16000-2:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16000-2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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EN ISO 16000-2:2006 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 16000-2:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16000-2:2006 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16000-2:2004 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 16000-2:2006 without any
modification.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air — :
 Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
 Part 2: Measurement strategy for formaldehyde
 Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds – Active sampling method
 Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde – Diffusive sampling method
 Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas-chromatography using MS/FID
The following parts of ISO 16000 are under preparation:
 Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
 Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
 Part 8: Ventilation rate measurement
 Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds – Emission test chamber method
 Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds – Emission test cell method
 Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds – Sampling, storage of samples and
preparation of test specimens
2

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-2
First edition
2004-07-01


Indoor air —
Part 2:
Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
Air intérieur —
Partie 2: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du formaldéhyde





Reference number
ISO 16000-2:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO 16000-2:2004(E)
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©  ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO 16000-2:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Sources and occurrence of formaldehyde. 1
4 Measurement techniques. 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Short-term monitoring . 4
4.3 Long-term monitoring. 4
4.4 Methods for screening tests . 4
5 Sampling strategy. 4
5.1 General. 4
5.2 Objectives of the measurement and conditions. 4
5.3 Time of sampling. 6
5.4 Duration of sampling and frequency of measurement . 6
5.5 Sampling location . 6
5.6 Reporting on results and uncertainties . 6
5.7 Quality assurance . 7
Annex A (informative) Properties of formaldehyde. 8
Annex B (informative) Overview of important sources and typical concentrations. 9
Annex C (informative) Correlation of formaldehyde concentrations in naturally ventilated rooms
depending on ventilation. 10
Annex D (informative) Dependence of the confidence interval on the number of samples . 11
Annex E (informative) Examples of screening tests. 12
Bibliography . 14

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 16000-2:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16000-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air:
— Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
— Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
— Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds — Active sampling method
— Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
— Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID
The following parts of ISO 16000 are under preparation:
— Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
— Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
— Part 8: Ventilation rate measurement
— Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds — Emission test chamber method
— Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds — Emission test cell method
— Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds — Sampling, storage of samples
and preparation of test specimens
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO 16000-2:2004(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 16000 describes basic aspects to be considered when working out a sampling strategy for the
analysis of formaldehyde in indoor air.
NOTE The term “formaldehyde” is used in this International Standard instead of the term “methanal”, as specified by
IUPAC regulations.
It is intended to be a link between Part 1 of ISO 16000, which describes a measurement strategy, and Parts 3
and 4 of ISO 16000, which describe the analytical procedures dealing with active or diffusive sampling of
formaldehyde respectively. This part of ISO 16000 presupposes knowledge of Part 1 of ISO 16000.
[1]
The sampling strategy procedure is based on VDI 4300, Part 3 .
VOC measurements in different fields of air pollution are described in ISO 16017, Indoor, ambient and
workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal
desorption/capillary gas chromatography
— Part 1: Pumped sampling
— Part 2: Diffusive sampling

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved v

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-2:2004(E)

Indoor air —
Part 2:
Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16000 is intended as an aid to planning formaldehyde indoor pollution measurements. In the
1)
case of indoor air measurements , the careful planning of sampling and the entire measurement strategy are
of particular significance, since the result of the measurement can have far-reaching consequences, for
example, with regard to the need for remedial action or the success of such an action.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), published jointly by
BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIML, first edition 1995
ISO 6879:1995, Air quality — Performance characteristics and related concepts for air quality measuring
methods
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds — Active
sampling method
ISO 16000-4, Indoor air — Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
3 Sources and occurrence of formaldehyde
The occurrence of formaldehyde in indoor air is often due to the use of certain wood-based board material for
construction and for work on the interior and furnishing of a room. Increased concentrations may also be
caused by other products, including use of certain disinfectants and paints. Tobacco smoke is an additional
important intermittent source of formaldehyde. Details are given in Table B.1.
Whereas an intermittent emission source (e.g. the use for a limited period of time of disinfectant spray
containing formaldehyde) will cause an increased formaldehyde concentration in indoor air for only a short
period of time during and after use, a continuous emission source (e. g. a particleboard used for indoor
furnishings) will contribute to the formaldehyde concentration over a longer period. Figure 1 shows the
influence of humidity and temperature on the emission rate of formaldehyde from particleboard; by increasing
humidity and temperature, formaldehyde emission increases considerably.

[2], [3]
1) This part of ISO 16000 uses the definition for indoor environment  defined in ISO 16000-1.
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO 16000-2:2004(E)

Key
X relative humidity, H, in percent
Y factor K
1 temperature = 15 °C
2 temperature = 20 °C
3 temperature = 25 °C
4 temperature = 30 °C
−1 2 3
NOTE 1 Parameter for K = 1: temperature, 23 °C; relative humidity, 45 %; air exchange rate, 1 h ; loading, 1 m /m .
NOTE 2 C = C ·K, expressed in millilitres per cubic metre (ppm).
t/H 23/45
Figure 1 — Plot of rate of emission of formaldehyde from particleboards in relation to temperature and
[1], [4]
relative humidity
Figure 2 presents the formaldehyde equilibration concentration as a function of the air exchange rate after
2 3[1], [5]
placing a 23-m particleboard emitting 2,3 mg/h formaldehyde into a room of 23 m . Curves A, B and C
−1 −1 −1
show the outcome with ventilation rates of > 0,5 h , 0,5 h and < 0,5 h , respectively.
The recommended World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value for formaldehyde for indoor/ambient air
3 [6]
quality is 0,1 mg/m , expressed as the 30 min average concentration .

2 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO 16000-2:2004(E)

Key
X time, expressed in hours
Y formaldehyde concentration, expressed in milligrams per cubic metre
−1
A ventilation rate > 0,5 h
−1
B ventilation rate = 0,5 h
−1
C ventilation rate < 0,5 h
Figure 2 — Formaldehyde equilibration concentration in relation to the ventilation rate
Generally, outdoor sources of formaldehyde are not significant sources of formaldehyde in indoor air. Outdoor
air may be contributory only if strong formaldehyde sources (e.g. heavy road traffic) are nearby.
In a study of 300 typical households in Germany during 1985/86, the median level of formaldehyde in indoor
3[7] 3
air was found to be 55 µg/m . In a few per cent of the cases, concentrations were above 100 µg/m . Other,
more recent studies in the UK, Sweden and Australia found median formaldehyde concentrations of about
3
25 µg/m (see Table B.2). Table B.2 compares the median and the range of concentrations measured indoors
with concentrations observed in outdoor air.
4 Measurement techniques
4.1 General
There are several methods for measuring formaldehyde. Basically, they meet different demands and can be
divided into short-term measurements with active sampling, long-term measurements with active or diffusive
samplers, continuous measurements, and screening tests with direct-reading detection tubes. High
concentrations of interfering gases (in special cases ozone, NO etc.) shall be taken into account.
2
Analytical methods for the determination of formaldehyde in the air that can be used to determine compliance
with the WHO guideline are described in ISO 16000-3.
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 3

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ISO 16000-2:2004(E)
4.2 Short-term monitoring
Short-term monitoring is generally conducted for less than one hour.
The method described in ISO 16000-3 is considered to be a multicomponent measurement technique. After
formaldehyde reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form a hydrazone, it can be determined by HPLC. In
addition to formaldehyde, other aldehydes and ketones can also be analysed by this method. This method can
be used for checking compliance with the WHO guideline value.
4.3 Long-term monitoring
Long-term monitoring is preferably done with diffusive samplers, described in ISO 16000-4. Sampling relies on
[8], [9], [10], [11], [12]
the principle of gaseous diffusion into a reactive adsorbent . With diffusive samplers,
formaldehyde concentrations are measured over a time period of several hours to a few days. Results are
obtained as mean values. If measurement results are necessary for a longer period, repeated measurements
shall be performed. The active measurement described in 4.2 is applicable for sampling periods of 24 h or
less.
4.4 Methods for screening tests
Screening tests provide an immediate, although not necessarily sufficient, indication of the formaldehyde
concentration. Commercially available test tubes and direct-reading diffusive samplers are available that are
relatively simple to use and give results that can inform decisions about the need for further measurements.
The results of screening tests facilitate the determination on to the extent of further measurements required. In
certain cases the screening tests may result that no further measurements are required (see Annex E). A
formaldehyde concentration near or above a given guideline value would make it necessary to determine, with
the help of measurement techniques described in ISO 16000-3, whether there is compliance with the
guideline value, or by how much the value is exceeded.
When using methods for screening tests, the requirements for design of an appropriate strategy shall be
...