SIST EN 12697-46:2012

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests

This European Standard specifies uniaxial tension tests for characterising the resistance of an asphalt mixture against low temperature cracking. The results of the uniaxial tension tests can be used to evaluate:
- the tensile strength in dependence of the temperature by uniaxial tension stress test (UTST);
- the minimum temperature that the asphalt can resist before failure by thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST);
- the tensile strength reserve in dependence of the temperature (by a combination of TSRST and UTST);
- the relaxation time by the relaxation test (RT);
- the creep curve to back calculate rheological parameters by tensile creep tests (TCT);
- the fatigue resistance at low temperatures due to the combination of cryogenic and mechanical loads by uniaxial cyclic tension stress tests (UCTST).

Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 46: Widerstand gegen Kälterisse und Tieftemperaturverhalten bei einachsigen Zugversuchen

Diese Europäische Norm legt einachsige Zugversuche zur Bestimmung des Wider¬standes eines Asphaltgemischs gegen Kälterisse fest. Die Ergebnisse der einachsi¬gen Zugversuche können zur Beurteilung folgender Eigenschaften verwendet werden:
-   Zugspannung bei einer festgelegten Temperatur unter Anwendung des direkten (einachsigen) Zugversuchs (en: Uniaxial Tension Stress Test, UTST);
-   Tiefsttemperatur, bis zu der der Asphalt dem Ausfall widerstehen kann, unter Anwendung des Abkühlversuchs (en: Thermal Stress Retained Specimen Test, TSRST);
-   Zugfestigkeitsreserve bei einer festgelegten Temperatur (unter Anwendung einer Kombination aus TSRST und UTST);
-   Relaxationszeit unter Anwendung des Relaxationsversuchs (en: Relaxation Test, RT);
-   Kriechkurve, um durch Zugkriechversuche (en: Tensile Creep Test, TCT) auf rheologische Parameter zurückrechnen zu können; und
-   Ermüdungsverhalten bei niedrigen Temperaturen aufgrund der Kombination kryogener und mechanischer Beanspruchungen unter Anwendung von einachsigen zyklischen Zugversuchen (en: Uniaxial Cycling Tension Stress Test, UCTST).

Mélanges bitumineux - Essais pour enrobés à chaud - Partie 46: Fissuration à basse température et les propriétés des tensions uni axiaux par des tests

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les essais de traction uniaxiale permettant de caractériser la
résistance à la fissuration à basse température d'un mélange d'enrobé. Les résultats des essais de traction
uniaxiale peuvent servir aux évaluations suivantes :
⎯ la résistance à la traction à une température spécifiée en procédant à un essai de contrainte de traction
uniaxiale (UTST) ;
⎯ la température minimale à laquelle peut résister l'enrobé avant sa rupture en procédant à un essai sur
éprouvette en retrait empêché sous contrainte thermique (TSRST) ;
⎯ la réserve de résistance à la traction à une température spécifiée (en combinant TSRST et UTST) ;
⎯ du temps de relaxation en procédant à l'essai de relaxation (RT) ;
⎯ la courbe de fluage afin de recalculer les paramètres rhéologiques en procédant à des essais de fluage
(TCT) ;
⎯ la résistance à la fatigue aux basses températures due à la combinaison de charges cryogéniques et
mécaniques en procédant à des essais de contrainte de traction cyclique uniaxiale (UCTST).

Bitumenske zmesi - Preskusne metode za vroče asfaltne zmesi - 46. del: Odpornost asfaltne plasti proti razpokam pri nizkih temperaturah z enoosnimi nateznimi preskusi

Ta evropski standard določa enoosne natezne preskuse za določanje odpornosti asfaltne zmesi proti razpokam pri nizkih temperaturah. Rezultate enoosnih nateznih preskusov je mogoče uporabiti za vrednotenje naslednjega: natezne trdnosti pri določeni temperaturi z enoosnim nateznim preskusom izjemnih situacij (UTST), najnižje temperature, na katero je asfalt še odporen, z ohlajevalnim preskusom pri preprečeni deformaciji (TSRST), rezervno natezno trdnost pri določeni temperaturi (s kombinacijo enoosnega nateznega preskusa izjemnih situacij in ohlajevalnim preskusom pri preprečeni deformaciji), sprostitveni čas s sprostitvenim preskusom (RT), krivuljo lezenja za nasprotni izračun reoloških parametrov z nateznim preskusom lezenja (TCT) ter odpornosti proti utrujanju pri nizkih temperaturah zaradi kombinacije kriogenih in mehanskih obremenitev z enoosnim cikličnim nateznim preskusom izjemnih situacij (UCTST).

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Public Enquiry End Date: 19-Dec-2011
• Publication Date: 11-Jul-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Mar-2020
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: CES - Roads
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 10-Mar-2020
• Due Date: 02-Apr-2020
• Completion Date: 11-Mar-2020
• Ref Project: EN 12697-46:2012 - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN 12697-46:2020 - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Replaced By: SIST EN 12697-46:2020 - Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 46: Widerstand gegen Kälterisse und Tieftemperaturverhalten bei einachsigen ZugversuchenMélanges bitumineux - Essais pour enrobés à chaud - Partie 46: Fissuration à basse température et les propriétés des tensions uni axiaux par des testsBituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12697-46:2012SIST EN 12697-46:2012en,de01-september-2012SIST EN 12697-46:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12697-46
May 2012 ICS 93.080.20 English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests
Mélanges bitumineux - Essais pour mélange hydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 46: Fissuration et propriétés à basse température par des essais de traction uniaxiale
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 46: Widerstand gegen Kälterisse und Tieftemperaturverhalten bei einachsigen Zugversuchen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 March 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12697-46:2012: ESIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 2 Contents PageForeword .31Scope .62Normative references .63Terms and definitions .64Principle .75Apparatus .95.1Testing device for conducting UTST, TSRST, RT and TCT .95.2Testing device for conducting UCTST. 116Calibration . 126.1Testing device for conducting UTST, TSRST, relaxation test and tensile creep test . 126.2Testing device for conducting UCTST. 127Specimen preparation . 127.1Number of samples. 127.2Dimensions . 127.3Preparation . 137.4Bulk density . 137.5Drying . 137.6Storage . 137.7Mounting . 147.8Installation and conditioning . 148Procedure . 158.1Uniaxial tension stress test (UTST) . 158.2Thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) . 158.3Relaxation test (RT) . 158.4Tensile creep test (TCT) . 168.5Uniaxial cyclic tensile stress test (UCTST) . 169Evaluation . 179.1Tension strength reserve . 179.2Uniaxial cyclic tensile stress test (UCTST) . 1810Test report . 1910.1General . 1910.2Information on specimen . 2010.3Information on test method . 2010.4Information on the test and results . 2011Precision . 21Bibliography . 23
SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12697-46:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document is one of a series of standards for bituminous mixtures which includes the following: EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Binder recovery: Rotary evaporator EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Binder recovery: Fractionat-ing column EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the maximum density EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of the refer-ence density EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactibility EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the affin-ity between aggregates and binders EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of specimen EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature measure-ment EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 4 EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the seg-regation sensitivity EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or Marshall specimen EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate specimen EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking test EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Indirect tensile test EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the di-mensions of bituminous specimen EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Preparation of specimen by impact compactor EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation, gyratory compactor EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Method for the determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the ad-hesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 5 EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and calibration EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In-situ drainability EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing flu-ids EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign matters in reclaimed asphalt EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel EN 12697-44, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 44: Crack propagation by semi-circular bending test EN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 45: Saturation Ageing Tensile Stiffness (SATS) conditioning test EN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 47: Determination of the ash content of natural asphalts prEN 12697-481), Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 48: Inter-layer bond strength prEN 12697-49, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 49: Skid resistance of asphalt in the laboratory prEN 12697-501), Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 50: Scuffing resistance of surface course asphalt According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1) In preparation. SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies uniaxial tension tests for characterising the resistance of an asphalt mixture against low temperature cracking. The results of the uniaxial tension tests can be used to evaluate the following:  tensile strength at a specified temperature, using the uniaxial tension stress test (UTST);  minimum temperature that the asphalt can resist before failure, using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST);  tensile strength reserve at a specified temperature (using a combination of TSRST and UTST);  relaxation time, using the relaxation test (RT);  creep curve to back calculate rheological parameters, using the tensile creep tests (TCT);  fatigue resistance at low temperatures due to the combination of cryogenic and mechanical loads, using the uniaxial cyclic tension stress tests (UCTST). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12697-6:2012, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 tensile strength βt maximum tensile stress measured in a tensile stress test 3.2 tensile failure strain εfailure tensile strain that is measured when the tensile strength has been reached 3.3 cryogenic stress σcry(T) tension stress, induced by prohibited thermal shrinkage, at the temperature T 3.4 failure stress σcry, failure cryogenic stress that causes a failure of the specimen in the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 7 3.5 failure temperature Tfailure temperature at which the cryogenic stress causes a failure of the specimen in the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) 3.6 tensile strength reserve ∆βt difference between the tensile strength and the cryogenic stress at the same temperature T where )()()(cryttTTTσββ−=∆ 3.7 time of relaxation trel time until the stress decreases to 36,8 % (1/e) of its initial value 3.8 remaining tension stress σrem(t) remaining stress after the time t in the relaxation test 3.9 initial complex modulus E*0 complex modulus after 100 load cycles, calculated according to EN 12697-26 3.10 conventional failure criterion Nf/50 number of load cycles reducing the complex modulus E* to half of its initial value E*0 (fatigue criterion) 3.11 additional failure criterion Nfailure number of load cycles leading to the development of a visible and recognisable crack in the asphalt specimen (fracture criterion) 4 Principle The low-temperature performance of asphalt specimens can be tested using different test methods:  In the uniaxial tension stress test (UTST), a specimen is pulled with a constant strain rate at a constant temperature until failure. Results of the UTST are the maximum stress (tensile strength) β t(T) and the corresponding tensile failure strain ε failure(T) at the test temperature T (see Figure 1).  In the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST), a specimen, whose length is held constant, is subjected to a temperature decrease with a constant temperature rate. Due to the prohibited thermal shrinkage, cryogenic stress is built up in the specimen. The results are the progression of the cryogenic stress over the temperature σcry(T) and the failure stress σcry, failure at the failure temperature Tfailure (see Figure 2).  In the the tensile creep test (TCT), the specimen is subjected to a constant tension stress σ at a constant temperature T. The progression of the strain ε is measured. After a given time, the stress is withdrawn. Rheological parameters describing the elastic and viscous properties of the asphalt can be determined by interpreting the strain measurements (see Figure 4).  In the relaxation test (RT), the specimen is subjected to a spontaneous strain ε, which is held on a constant level. The decrease of tension stress by relaxation over the testing time is monitored. The results are the time of relaxation trel and the remaining tension stress σrem after the test has ended (see Figure 3). SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 8  In the uniaxial cyclic tension stress test (UCTST), a specimen is subjected to a cyclic tensile stress which is characterised by a sinusoidal stress to simulate the dynamic loading condition by traffic in combination with a constant stress, which symbolises the cryogenic stress. During the test, the strain response is monitored and the course of the stiffness is recorded until fatigue failure. Results of the tests are the num-ber of applied load cycles until failure Nfailure and the number of load cycles until the conventional fatigue criterion is reached Nf/50 (see Figure 5).
Figure 1 — Test principle of UTST
Figure 2 — Test principle of TSRST
Figure 3 — Test principle of RT
Figure 4 — Test principle of TCT
Figure 5 — Test principle of UCTST Key for Figures 1 to 5 Y1 strain
X time Y2 temperature Y3 stress SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 9 5 Apparatus 5.1 Testing device for conducting UTST, TSRST, RT and TCT 5.1.1 General Figures 6 and 7 show suitable testing devices for conducting uniaxial tension stress, thermal stress restrained specimen, relaxation and tensile creep tests, at low temperatures. 5.1.2 Load device The load device shall be able to generate movements with an accuracy of 0,1 µm. In order to avoid radial and/or transversal forces as well as moments in the test specimen, the specimen is connected to the loading device by two gimbal suspensions.
Key 1 load cell 2 displacement transducer 3 thermal indifferent measurement base 4 crossbeam
5 gimbal suspension 6 adapter 7 specimen 8 gear box with stepping motor Figure 6 — Example of a test device for uniaxial tension tests at low temperatures SIST EN 12697-46:2012



EN 12697-46:2012 (E) 10
Key
1 load cell 2 load frame 3 swivel jig 4 clamp 5 specimen 6 end plate 7 loading rod
8 temperature sensor
9 invar rod
10 environmental chamber
11 dummy with temperature sensor
12 fan
13 displacement transducer
14 step motor Figure 7 — Example 2 for a test device for uniaxial tension tests at low temperatures 5.1.3 Deformation measurement system The deformation of the specimen shall be measured in a range of ± 2,5 mm and ± 0,5 µm. Because the test equipment is exposed to the same thermal changes as the examined specimens with thermal shrinkage and expansion, accurate m
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
01-november-2011
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Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 46: Low temperature
cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 46: Widerstand gegen Kälterisse und
Tieftemperaturverhalten bei einachsigen Zugversuchen
Mélanges bitumineux - Essais pour enrobés à chaud - Partie 46: Fissuration à basse
température et les propriétés des tensions uni axiaux par des tests
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprEN 12697-46
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011

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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011


EUROPEAN STANDARD
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 12697-46
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

September 2011
ICS 93.080.20
English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part
46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension
tests
Mélanges bitumineux - Essais pour enrobés à chaud - Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 46:
Partie 46: Fissuration à basse température et les propriétés Widerstand gegen Kälterisse und Tieftemperaturverhalten
des tensions uni axiaux par des tests bei einachsigen Zugversuchen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 227.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN 12697-46:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Principle .7
5 Apparatus .9
5.1 Testing device for conducting UTST, TSRST, RT and TCT .9
5.2 Testing device for conducting UCTST. 11
6 Calibration . 12
6.1 Testing device for conducting UTST, TSRST, relaxation test and tensile creep test . 12
6.2 Testing device for conducting UCTST. 12
7 Specimen preparation . 12
7.1 Number of samples. 12
7.2 Dimensions . 12
7.3 Preparation . 13
7.4 Bulk density . 13
7.5 Drying . 13
7.6 Storage . 13
7.7 Mounting . 14
7.8 Installation and conditioning . 14
8 Procedure . 15
8.1 Uniaxial tension stress test (UTST) . 15
8.2 Thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) . 15
8.3 Relaxation test (RT) . 15
8.4 Tensile creep test (TCT) . 16
8.5 Uniaxial cyclic tensile stress test (UCTST) . 16
9 Evaluation . 17
9.1 Tension strength reserve . 17
9.2 Uniaxial cyclic tensile stress test (UCTST) . 18
10 Test report . 19
10.1 General . 19
10.2 Information on specimen . 20
10.3 Information on test method . 20
10.4 Information on the test and results . 20
11 Precision . 21
Bibliography . 23


2

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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (FprEN 12697-46:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content
EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution
EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Binder recovery: Rotary
evaporator
EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Binder recovery: Fractionat-
ing column
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens by gamma rays
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of the refer-
ence density
EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactibility
EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the affin-
ity between aggregates and binders
EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of specimen
EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature measure-
ment
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content
EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the seg-
regation sensitivity
EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres
3

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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous
asphalt specimen
EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage
EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen
EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or
Marshall specimen
EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimen
EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking test
EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Indirect tensile test
EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue
EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test
EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading
EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the di-
mensions of bituminous specimen
EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Preparation of specimen
by impact compactor
EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation,
gyratory compactor
EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by
roller compactor
EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing
EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Method for the
determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement
EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the ad-
hesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA
EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration
EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition
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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In-situ drainability
EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing flu-
ids
EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign
matters in reclaimed asphalt
EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel
EN 12697-44, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 44: Crack propagation by
semi-circular bending test
prEN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 45: Saturation Ageing
Tensile Stiffness (SATS) conditioning test
prEN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 46: Low temperature crack-
ing and properties by uniaxial tension tests
EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 47: Determination of the ash
content of natural asphalts
1)
prEN 12697-48 , Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 48: Inter-layer bond
strength
1)
prEN 12697-49 , Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 49: Skid resistance of
asphalt in the laboratory
1)
prEN 12697-50 , Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 50: Scuffing resistance of
surface course asphalt


1)
In preparation
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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies uniaxial tension tests for characterising the resistance of an asphalt mixture
against low temperature cracking. The results of the uniaxial tension tests can be used to evaluate:
 the tensile strength in dependence of the temperature by uniaxial tension stress test (UTST);
 the minimum temperature that the asphalt can resist before failure by thermal stress restrained specimen
test (TSRST);
 the tensile strength reserve in dependence of the temperature (by a combination of TSRST and UTST);
 the relaxation time by the relaxation test (RT);
 the creep curve to back calculate rheological parameters by tensile creep tests (TCT);
 the fatigue resistance at low temperatures due to the combination of cryogenic and mechanical loads by
uniaxial cyclic tension stress tests (UCTST).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by
roller compactor
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
tensile strength β
t
maximum tensile stress measured in tensile stress test
3.2
tensile failure strain ε
failure
tensile strain that is measured when the tensile strength has been reached
3.3
cryogenic stress σ (T)
cry
tension stress, induced by prohibited thermal shrinkage, at the temperature T
3.4
failure stress σ
cry, failure
cryogenic stress that causes a failure of the specimen in the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST)
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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
3.5
failure temperature T
failure
temperature at which the cryogenic stress causes a failure of the specimen in the thermal stress restrained
specimen test (TSRST)
3.6
tensile strength reserve ∆β
t
difference between the tensile strength and the cryogenic stress at the same temperature T where
∆β (T ) = β (T) − σ (T)
t t cry
3.7
time of relaxation t
rel
time until the stress decreased to 36,8 % (1/e) of its initial value
3.8
remaining tension stress σ (t)
rem
remaining stress after the time t in the relaxation test
3.9
initial complex modulus E*
0
complex modulus after 100 load cycles, calculated according to EN 12697-26
3.10
conventional failure criterion N
f/50
number of load cycles reducing the complex modulus E* to half of its initial value E* (fatigue criterion)
0
3.11
additional failure criterion N
failure
number of load cycles leading to the development of a visible and recognisable crack in the asphalt specimen
(fracture criterion)
4 Principle
The low-temperature performance of asphalt specimens can be tested with different test methods:
 In the uniaxial tension stress test (UTST), a specimen is pulled with a constant strain rate at constant
temperature until failure. Results of the UTST are the maximum stress (tensile strength) β (T) and the
t
corresponding tensile failure strain ε (T) at the test temperature T (see Figure 1).
failure
 In the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST), a specimen, which length is held constant, is
subjected to a temperature decrease with constant temperature rate. Due to the prohibited thermal
shrinkage, cryogenic stress is built up in the specimen. The results are the progression of the cryogenic
stress over the temperature σ (T) and the failure stress σ at the failure temperature T (see
cry cry, failure failure
Figure 2).
 In the the tensile creep test (TCT), the specimen is subjected to a constant tension stress σ at a constant
temperature T. The progression of the strain ε is measured. After a given time, the stress is withdrawn.
Rheological parameters describing the elastic and viscous properties of the asphalt can be determined by
interpreting the strain measurements (see Figure 4).
 In the relaxation test (RT), the specimen is subjected to a spontaneous strain ε, which is held on constant
level. The decrease of tension stress by relaxation over the testing time is monitored. The results are the
time of relaxation t and the remaining tension stress σ after the test ended (see Figure 3).
rel rem
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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
 In the uniaxial cyclic tension stress test (UCTST), a specimen is subjected to a cyclic tensile stress which
is characterised by a sinusoidal stress to simulate the dynamic loading condition by traffic in combination
with a constant stress, which symbolises the cryogenic stress. During the test, the strain response is
monitored and the course of the stiffness is recorded until fatigue failure. Results of the tests are the num-
ber of applied load cycles until failure N and the number of load cycles until the conventional fatigue
failure
criterion is reached N (see Figure 5).
f/50

Figure 1 — Test principle of UTST

Figure 2 — Test principle of TSRST

Figure 3 — Test principle of RT

Figure 4 — Test principle of TCT

Figure 5 — Test principle of UCTST
Key for Figures 1 to 5
Y1 strain
 X time
Y2 temperature
Y3 stress
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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 Testing device for conducting UTST, TSRST, RT and TCT
5.1.1 General
Figures 6 and 7 show suitable testing devices for conducting uniaxial tension stress, thermal stress restrained
specimen, relaxation and tensile creep tests at low temperatures.
5.1.2 Load device
The load device shall be able to generate movements with an accuracy of 0,1 µm. In order to avoid radial
and/or transversal forces as well as moments in the test specimen, the specimen is connected with the load-
ing device with two gimbal suspensions.





Key
5 gimbal suspension
1 load cell
6 adapter
2 displacement transducer
7 specimen
3 thermal indifferent measurement base
8 gear box with stepping motor
4 crossbeam
Figure 6 — Example of a test device for uniaxial tension tests at low temperatures
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FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)




Key
 8 temperature sensor
1 load cell 9 invar rod
2 load frame 10 environmental chamber
3 swivel jig 11 dummy with temperature sensor
4 clamp 12 fan
5 specimen 13 displacement transducer
6 end plate 14 step motor
7 loading rod
Figure 7 — Example 2 for a test device for uniaxial tension tests at low temperatures
5.1.3 Deformation measurement system
The deformation of the specimen shall be measured in a range of ± 2,5 mm ± 0,5 µm. Because the test
equipment is exposed to the same thermal changes as the examined specimens with thermal shrinkage and
expansion, accurate measuring of the actual strain in the specimen requires a basis with constant length at
various temperatures (e.g. special carbon fibre reinforced plastic or invar steel).
Several single measurements may be averaged into one mean value which shall fulfil the accuracy
requirement. This mean value shall be used for the closed-loop circuit for controlling the tests.
5.1.4 Load measurement system
Load measurement system, capable of monitoring the axial load up to (20 ± 20) N.
5.1.5 Recording equipment
Recording equipment, comprising a digital interface unit connected to a computer, which shall be capable of
monitoring and recording the electrical signals from the load and deformation transducers.
NOTE The displacement should be measured and controlled with a resolution of 0,5 µm.
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FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
5.1.6 Thermostatic chamber
Thermostatic chamber, consisting of a cabinet or a suitable room with forced air circulation, in which the
specimen can be conditioned and in which the test can be performed. The temperature inside the enclosure
shall be capable of maintaining a constant temperature between (−40 and +30) °C with an accuracy of
± 0,5 K. The thermostatic chamber shall be capable to enable a temperature rate in the core of the specimen
of 10 K/h.
5.2 Testing device for conducting UCTST
5.2.1 Dynamic testing device
The dynamic testing device consists of a bending-resistant load frame with at least two supports, a
temperature chamber, a hydraulic system and a control unit controlling force or displacement (see Figure 8).
The test device shall be capable of applying a dynamic load of at least the applied test frequency with an
accuracy of 0,1 Hz along the longitudinal axis of a test specimen. The load shall be sinusoidal with or without
a rest period. The test specimen is glued to adapters connected to the loading rod.



Key
1 specimen 5 measuring unit
2 temperature chamber 6 clamp
3 load frame 7 displacement transducer
4 load cell 8 dummy with temperature sensor
Figure 8 — Example for a servo-hydraulic test device for UCTST at low temperatures
5.2.2 Monitoring system
The test system shall be equipped with a system monitoring the load acting on the test specimen with a load
cell that shall have a minimum measuring range of ± 15 kN with an accuracy of ± 10 N. The displacement
transducers shall have a minimum measuring range of ± 2,5 mm with an accuracy of ± 5 µm.
5.2.3 Electronic signal amplifier
The electronic signal emitted by the displacement and force transducer shall be amplified by means of a low-
noise amplifier and recorded by analogue or digital devices with an accuracy of 1 N for the force measured
and of 1 µm for the displacement measured.
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FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
5.2.4 Thermostatic chamber
Thermostatic chamber, consisting of a cabinet with forced air circulation, in which the specimen can be condi-
tioned and in which the test can be performed. The temperature inside the enclosure shall be capable of main-
taining a constant temperature between −40 °C and +40 °C with an accuracy of ± 1 K. Suitable measures
shall be taken to ensure that the specimen and chamber remain at the test temperature throughout the test.
5.2.5 Recording equipment
Recording equipment capable of continuously recording throughout a test the testing time, the force acting on
the test specimen as measured by load cell, the displacement of the loading piston, the displacements of the
two displacement transducers, the temperature of the test specimen, and the temperature of the thermostatic
chamber. The rate at which data can be recorded shall be capable of being selected in order to give
comprehensive coverage.
6 Calibration
6.1 Testing device for conducting UTST, TSRST, relaxation test and tensile creep test
6.1.1 If the load frame or parts of the load frame as well as the measurement systems are subjected to
temperature changes, the whole system shall be calibrated to ensure reproducibility and repeatability in addi-
tion to the calibration of the load and deformation measurement systems.
6.1.2 The system shall be tested by conducting tests on a calibration material of known material specifica-
tions. Suitable materials are steel or aluminium. In order to load the equipment with comparable loads to those
which occur during tests on asphalt, calibration beams with a smaller cross-section may be used.
6.2 Testing device for conducting UCTST
6.2.1 The servo-hydraulic test device shall be calibrated at least once a year using a calibration block of
known stiffness and thermal expansion coefficient. The stiffness calculated from the measured data shall not
exceed a deviation of ± 3 %.
6.2.2 The calibration block is glued in and clamped in by the same method as a bituminous mixture speci-
men.
NOTE A suitable material for a calibration block is, for example, aluminium with an elastic modulus of about 72 GPa.
7 Specimen preparation
7.1 Number of samples
At least three specimens shall be tested for each asphalt material and test condition (temperature, level of
stress) combination.
7.2 Dimensions
7.2.1 The specimen shall have the shape of a prismatic beam or of a cylinder of the nominal dimensions
according Table 1, depending from the nominal aggregate size of the asphalt mixture D.
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kSIST FprEN 12697-46:2011
FprEN 12697-46:2011 (E)
Table 1 — Dimensions for prismatic and cylindrical specimen (mm)
Maximum aggregate size D (mm)
Specimen type Dimension
D ≤ 11,2 11,2 < D < 22,4 D ≥ 22,4
Prismatic specimen with Width and height,
40 ± 2 50 ± 2 60 ± 2
square cross-section mm
Cylindrical specimens Diameter, mm
50 ± 2 50 ± 2 60 ± 2
Minimum specimen
All specimens 160 160 160
length, mm
If the specimens are taken from courses which thickness do not reach the required height, rectangular speci-
mens with reduced height can be used for conducting the test. The specimen sizes shall be recorded in the
test report.
If the test device allows longer specimens than 160 mm, their length shall be four times the width/height or
diameter.
7.2.2 The ends of the specimen shall be perpendicular to the axis of the specimen within ± 1 º.
7.3 Preparation
7.3.1 The specimens shall be obtained by sawing from slabs made in laboratory according to EN 12697-33
or taken from road layers according to EN 12697-27.
7.3.2 The slabs made in the laboratory shall have at least a thickness of the required height (see Table 1).
The specimens shall be sawn from the middle of the slab. The distance of the specimen to the border of the
slab shall be at least 20 mm.
7.3.3 The longitudinal axis of the asphalt specimen shall be orthogonal with the axis of loadi
...