SIST ISO 704:2013
(Main)Terminology work -- Principles and methods
Terminology work -- Principles and methods
ISO 704:2009 establishes the basic principles and methods for preparing and compiling terminologies both inside and outside the framework of standardization, and describes the links between objects, concepts, and their terminological representations. It also establishes general principles governing the formation of designations and the formulation of definitions. Full and complete understanding of these principles requires some background knowledge of terminology work. The principles are general in nature and this document is applicable to terminology work in scientific, technological, industrial, administrative and other fields of knowledge.
ISO 704:2009 does not stipulate procedures for the layout of international terminology standards, which are treated in ISO 10241.
Travail terminologique -- Principes et méthodes
L'ISO 704:2009 établit et harmonise les principes fondamentaux et les méthodes permettant d'élaborer et de compiler des terminologies, qu'il s'agisse d'activités menées dans le cadre de la normalisation ou non, et décrit les liens établis entre les objets, les concepts et leur représentation par des terminologies. Elle fixe également des principes généraux qui régissent la formation des désignations et la formulation des définitions. Pour une compréhension complète et approfondie de ces principes, des connaissances de fond du travail terminologique sont nécessaires. Il s'agit de principes de nature générale, et le présent document s'applique aux travaux terminologiques effectués dans les domaines scientifiques, technologiques, industriels, administratifs, ainsi que dans les autres domaines de la connaissance.
L'ISO 704:2009 ne décrit pas les méthodes de présentation des Normes internationales de terminologie; celles-ci sont traitées dans l'ISO 10241.
Terminološko delo - Načela in metode
Ta mednarodni standard vzpostavlja osnovna načela in metode za pripravo in sestavljanje terminologije zunaj in znotraj okvira standardizacije ter opisuje povezave med predmeti, koncepti in njihovimi terminološkimi prikazi. Vzpostavlja tudi splošna načela za oblikovanje izrazov in označb ter formulacijo definicij. Popolno in celostno razumevanje teh načel zahteva nekaj splošnega znanja o terminološkem delu. Načela iz tega mednarodnega standarda so splošna in se lahko uporabljajo pri terminološkem delu na znanstvenem, tehnološkem, industrijskem in administrativnem področju ter drugih področjih znanja. V tem mednarodnem standardu niso predpisani postopki za oblikovanje mednarodnih terminoloških standardov, ki so opisani v standardu ISO 10241.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 704:2003
7HUPLQRORãNRGHOR1DþHODLQPHWRGH
Terminology work -- Principles and methods
Travail terminologique -- Principes et méthodes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 704:2009
ICS:
01.020 7HUPLQRORJLMD QDþHODLQ Terminology (principles and
NRRUGLQDFLMD coordination)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 704
Third edition
2009-11-01
Terminology work — Principles and
methods
Travail terminologique — Principes et méthodes
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
0 Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Objects.2
5 Concepts .2
5.1 Nature of concepts for terminology work.2
5.2 General concepts .3
5.3 Individual concepts .3
5.4 Characteristics.4
5.5 Concept relations .8
5.6 Concept systems.18
6 Definitions .22
6.1 Nature of definitions.22
6.2 Intensional definitions .22
6.3 Definition writing .23
6.4 Supplementary information to the definition.28
6.5 Deficient definitions .30
7 Designations .34
7.1 Types of designations.34
7.2 Terms.34
7.3 Appellations .36
7.4 Formation of terms and appellations .38
7.5 Symbols.41
Annex A (informative) Other types of definitions .44
Annex B (informative) Examples of term-formation methods.51
Annex C (informative) Categories of appellations.56
Index .60
Bibliography.64
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 704 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content
resources, Subcommittee SC 1, Principles and methods.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 704:2000), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
0 Introduction
0.1 Overview
The terminological principles and methods provided in this International Standard are based on current
thinking and practices in terminology work.
Terminology work is multidisciplinary and draws support from a number of disciplines (e.g. logic, epistemology,
philosophy of science, linguistics, translation studies, information science and cognitive sciences) in its study
of concepts and their representations in special language and general language. It combines elements from
many theoretical approaches that deal with the description, ordering and transfer of knowledge.
The terminology work dealt with in this International Standard is concerned with terminology used for
unambiguous communication in natural, human language. The goal of terminology work as described in this
International Standard is, thus, a clarification and standardization of concepts and terminology for
communication between humans. Terminology work may be used as input for information modelling and data
modelling, but this International Standard does not cover the relation with these fields.
In line with the current trend in standardization towards providing guiding principles, this International
Standard is intended to standardize the essential elements for terminology work. The general purposes of this
International Standard are to provide a common framework of thinking and to explain how this thinking should
be implemented by an organization or group.
It is further intended to provide assistance to those involved in terminology management. The principles and
methods should be observed not only for the manipulation of terminological information but also in the
planning and decision-making involved in managing a stock of terminology. The main activities include, but
are not limited to, the following:
— identifying concepts and concept relations;
— analysing and modelling concept systems on the basis of identified concepts and concept
relations;
— establishing representations of concept systems through concept diagrams;
— defining concepts;
— attributing designations (predominantly terms) to each concept in one or more languages;
— recording and presenting terminological data, principally in print and electronic media
(terminography).
Objects, concepts, designations and definitions are fundamental to terminology work and therefore form the
basis of this International Standard. Objects are perceived or conceived and abstracted into concepts which,
in special languages, are represented by designations and/or definitions. The set of designations belonging to
one special language constitutes the terminology of a specific subject field.
0.2 Conventions and notation
In this International Standard and for the English language, ‘terminology work’ designates the discipline;
‘terminology’ used in the plural or preceded by an article refers to the set of designations of a particular
subject field, such as legal terminology.
For the sake of consistency in reference to objects, concepts, definitions, and designations, the following
wording conventions are used in this International Standard:
— objects
are perceived or conceived;
are abstracted or conceptualized into concepts;
— concepts
depict or correspond to objects or sets of objects;
are represented or expressed in language by designations or by definitions;
are organized into concept systems;
— designations (terms, appellations or symbols)
designate or represent a concept;
are attributed to a concept;
⎯ definitions
define, represent or describe the concept.
The more complex a concept system is, the more useful it is to clarify relations among concepts by
representing them formally or graphically. Concept relations can be represented formally in a list. The formal
representations used in this International Standard are indented and numbered with a full stop (period) (.) for
generic relations and numbered with a dash (–) for partitive relations, as in the following models:
For generic relations: For partitive relations:
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
The graphic representations used in this International Standard are the most typical ones. The use of
UML (Unified Modeling Language) notation for terminology work is described in ISO/TR 24156.
tree diagram to represent generic concept relations
rake diagram to represent partitive concept relations
line with arrowheads at each end to represent associative
concept relations
The notation used throughout this International Standard is as follows:
⎯ terms designating concepts defined in ISO 1087-1:2000 are in italics;
⎯ concepts are indicated by single quotes;
⎯ designations (terms, appellations or symbols) are in boldface;
⎯ characteristics are underlined;
⎯ examples are boxed.
This International Standard follows the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, 2004 with regard to the use of “shall”, which
indicates a requirement and the use of “should”, which indicates a recommendation.
It should be noted that the examples in this International Standard have been chosen and simplified for
illustrative purposes. Translation into other languages may necessitate the selection of other examples to
illustrate the points.
It should also be noted that the examples of term-formation methods, in Annex B, are specific to the English
language in the English version and to the French language in the French version. Annex B should not be
translated, but should be adapted to the needs of each language.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 704:2009(E)
Terminology work — Principles and methods
1 Scope
T
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 704
Third edition
2009-11-01
Terminology work — Principles and
methods
Travail terminologique — Principes et méthodes
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
0 Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Objects.2
5 Concepts .2
5.1 Nature of concepts for terminology work.2
5.2 General concepts .3
5.3 Individual concepts .3
5.4 Characteristics.4
5.5 Concept relations .8
5.6 Concept systems.18
6 Definitions .22
6.1 Nature of definitions.22
6.2 Intensional definitions .22
6.3 Definition writing .23
6.4 Supplementary information to the definition.28
6.5 Deficient definitions .30
7 Designations .34
7.1 Types of designations.34
7.2 Terms.34
7.3 Appellations .36
7.4 Formation of terms and appellations .38
7.5 Symbols.41
Annex A (informative) Other types of definitions .44
Annex B (informative) Examples of term-formation methods.51
Annex C (informative) Categories of appellations.56
Index .60
Bibliography.64
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 704 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content
resources, Subcommittee SC 1, Principles and methods.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 704:2000), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
0 Introduction
0.1 Overview
The terminological principles and methods provided in this International Standard are based on current
thinking and practices in terminology work.
Terminology work is multidisciplinary and draws support from a number of disciplines (e.g. logic, epistemology,
philosophy of science, linguistics, translation studies, information science and cognitive sciences) in its study
of concepts and their representations in special language and general language. It combines elements from
many theoretical approaches that deal with the description, ordering and transfer of knowledge.
The terminology work dealt with in this International Standard is concerned with terminology used for
unambiguous communication in natural, human language. The goal of terminology work as described in this
International Standard is, thus, a clarification and standardization of concepts and terminology for
communication between humans. Terminology work may be used as input for information modelling and data
modelling, but this International Standard does not cover the relation with these fields.
In line with the current trend in standardization towards providing guiding principles, this International
Standard is intended to standardize the essential elements for terminology work. The general purposes of this
International Standard are to provide a common framework of thinking and to explain how this thinking should
be implemented by an organization or group.
It is further intended to provide assistance to those involved in terminology management. The principles and
methods should be observed not only for the manipulation of terminological information but also in the
planning and decision-making involved in managing a stock of terminology. The main activities include, but
are not limited to, the following:
— identifying concepts and concept relations;
— analysing and modelling concept systems on the basis of identified concepts and concept
relations;
— establishing representations of concept systems through concept diagrams;
— defining concepts;
— attributing designations (predominantly terms) to each concept in one or more languages;
— recording and presenting terminological data, principally in print and electronic media
(terminography).
Objects, concepts, designations and definitions are fundamental to terminology work and therefore form the
basis of this International Standard. Objects are perceived or conceived and abstracted into concepts which,
in special languages, are represented by designations and/or definitions. The set of designations belonging to
one special language constitutes the terminology of a specific subject field.
0.2 Conventions and notation
In this International Standard and for the English language, ‘terminology work’ designates the discipline;
‘terminology’ used in the plural or preceded by an article refers to the set of designations of a particular
subject field, such as legal terminology.
For the sake of consistency in reference to objects, concepts, definitions, and designations, the following
wording conventions are used in this International Standard:
— objects
are perceived or conceived;
are abstracted or conceptualized into concepts;
— concepts
depict or correspond to objects or sets of objects;
are represented or expressed in language by designations or by definitions;
are organized into concept systems;
— designations (terms, appellations or symbols)
designate or represent a concept;
are attributed to a concept;
⎯ definitions
define, represent or describe the concept.
The more complex a concept system is, the more useful it is to clarify relations among concepts by
representing them formally or graphically. Concept relations can be represented formally in a list. The formal
representations used in this International Standard are indented and numbered with a full stop (period) (.) for
generic relations and numbered with a dash (–) for partitive relations, as in the following models:
For generic relations: For partitive relations:
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
The graphic representations used in this International Standard are the most typical ones. The use of
UML (Unified Modeling Language) notation for terminology work is described in ISO/TR 24156.
tree diagram to represent generic concept relations
rake diagram to represent partitive concept relations
line with arrowheads at each end to represent associative
concept relations
The notation used throughout this International Standard is as follows:
⎯ terms designating concepts defined in ISO 1087-1:2000 are in italics;
⎯ concepts are indicated by single quotes;
⎯ designations (terms, appellations or symbols) are in boldface;
⎯ characteristics are underlined;
⎯ examples are boxed.
This International Standard follows the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, 2004 with regard to the use of “shall”, which
indicates a requirement and the use of “should”, which indicates a recommendation.
It should be noted that the examples in this International Standard have been chosen and simplified for
illustrative purposes. Translation into other languages may necessitate the selection of other examples to
illustrate the points.
It should also be noted that the examples of term-formation methods, in Annex B, are specific to the English
language in the English version and to the French language in the French version. Annex B should not be
translated, but should be adapted to the needs of each language.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 704:2009(E)
Terminology work — Principles and methods
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes the basic principles and methods for preparing and compiling
terminologies both inside and outside the framework of standardization, and describes the links between
objects, concepts, and their terminological representations. It also establishes general principles governing the
formation of terms and appellations and the formulation of definitions. Full and complete understanding of
these principles requires some background knowledge of terminology work. The principles are general in
nature and this International Standard is applicable to terminology work in scientific, technological, industrial,
administrative and other fields of knowledge.
This International Standard does not stipulate procedures for the layout of international terminology standards,
which are treated in ISO 10241.
2 Normative references
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 704
Troisième édition
2009-11-01
Travail terminologique — Principes et
méthodes
Terminology work — Principles and methods
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2009
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© ISO 2009
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
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Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
0 Introduction.v
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives.1
3 Termes et définitions .1
4 Objets.2
5 Concepts .2
5.1 Nature des concepts dans le travail terminologique.2
5.2 Concepts généraux .3
5.3 Concepts uniques .3
5.4 Caractères .4
5.5 Relations entre concepts.8
5.6 Systèmes de concepts.18
6 Définitions .22
6.1 Nature des définitions.22
6.2 Définitions par intension .22
6.3 Rédaction des définitions.23
6.4 Informations supplémentaires sur la définition .28
6.5 Définitions inexactes.30
7 Désignations .34
7.1 Types de désignations.34
7.2 Termes.34
7.3 Appellations .36
7.4 Formation des termes et des appellations .38
7.5 Symboles.42
Annexe A (informative) Autres types de définitions .44
Annexe B (informative) Exemples de méthodes de formation des termes.51
Annexe C (informative) Catégories d'appellations .56
Index .60
Bibliographie.64
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 704 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 37, Terminologie et autres ressources langagières
et ressources de contenu, sous-comité SC 1, Principes et méthodes.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 704:2000), qui a fait l'objet d'une révision
technique.
iv © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
0 Introduction
0.1 Vue d'ensemble
Les principes et méthodes de la terminologie énoncés dans la présente Norme internationale reposent sur les
réflexions et pratiques actuelles en matière de travail terminologique.
Le travail terminologique est pluridisciplinaire et a recours à de nombreuses disciplines (logique,
épistémologie, philosophie des sciences, linguistique, études en traduction, sciences de l'information et
sciences cognitives) dans l'étude des concepts et de leur représentation dans une langue de spécialité ou une
langue générale. Il combine les éléments provenant de différentes approches théoriques traitant de la
description, de l'organisation et du transfert des connaissances.
Le travail terminologique traité dans la présente Norme internationale se rapporte à la terminologie employée
en vue de communications univoques dans le langage humain naturel. L'objectif du travail terminologique, tel
que décrit dans le présent document, est par conséquent la clarification et la normalisation des concepts et
des terminologies pour la communication entre humains. Le travail terminologique peut servir à la
modélisation des informations et des données, toutefois la présente Norme internationale ne traite pas des
relations avec ces domaines.
Conformément à la tendance actuelle de la normalisation à fournir des principes directeurs, la présente
Norme internationale est destinée à normaliser les éléments essentiels du travail terminologique. L'objectif
général de la présente Norme internationale est de fournir un cadre commun de réflexion et d'expliquer
comment une organisation ou un groupe devrait mettre en œuvre cette réflexion.
La présente Norme internationale est également destinée à aider les gestionnaires de la terminologie. Il
convient que ses principes et méthodes énoncés dans cette norme soient observés non seulement lors du
traitement des données terminologiques mais également lors de la planification et de la prise de décisions
relatives à la gestion d'un fonds terminologique. Voici, de manière non exhaustive, les principales activités
concernées:
⎯ l'identification des concepts et des relations entre concepts;
⎯ l'analyse et la modélisation des systèmes de concepts à partir des concepts et des relations entre les
concepts identifiés;
⎯ l'élaboration de représentations des systèmes de concepts au moyen de schémas conceptuels;
⎯ la définition des concepts;
⎯ l'attribution de désignations (principalement de termes) à chaque concept dans une ou plusieurs langues;
⎯ l'enregistrement et présentation des données terminologiques, essentiellement sur des supports
imprimés ou électroniques (terminographie).
Les objets, les concepts, les désignations et les définitions sont les éléments fondamentaux du travail
terminologique et forment par conséquent la base de la présente Norme internationale. Les objets sont perçus
ou conçus puis, par abstraction, ramenés à des concepts eux-mêmes représentés, dans des langues de
spécialité, par des désignations et/ou des définitions. L'ensemble des désignations appartenant à une langue
de spécialité constitue la terminologie d'un domaine particulier.
0.2 Conventions et système de notation
Dans la présente Norme internationale et pour la langue française, le «travail terminologique» désignera la
discipline et «terminologie», utilisé au pluriel ou précédé d'un article, renverra à l'ensemble des désignations
d'un domaine particulier, tel que la terminologie juridique.
Pour maintenir une certaine cohérence lorsqu'il est fait référence aux objets, aux concepts, aux définitions et
aux désignations, les conventions de formulation suivantes ont été adoptées dans la présente Norme
internationale:
⎯ les objets
sont perçus ou conçus;
sont abstraits ou conceptualisés sous forme de concepts;
⎯ les concepts
décrivent ou correspondent à des objets ou à des ensembles d'objets;
sont représentés ou exprimés dans une langue par des désignations ou par des définitions;
sont organisés en systèmes de concepts;
⎯ les désignations (termes, appellations ou symboles)
désignent ou représentent un concept;
sont attribuées à un concept;
⎯ les définitions
définissent, représentent ou décrivent le concept.
Plus un système de concepts est complexe, plus il est nécessaire de clarifier les relations qui existent entre
les différents concepts en les représentant de manière formelle ou graphique. Les relations entre concepts
peuvent être représentées de manière formelle dans une liste. Les représentations sous forme de liste
utilisées dans la présente Norme internationale sont structurées par des indentations numérotées et
précédées d'un point (.) pour les relations génériques ou précédées d'un tiret (–) pour les relations partitives
comme le montrent les modèles suivants:
Relations génériques: Relations partitives:
Les représentations graphiques utilisées dans la présente Norme internationale sont les plus courantes.
L'application de la notation UML (Unified Modeling Language) dans le travail terminologique est décrite dans
l'ISO TR 24156.
vi © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
Représentation en arbre des relations génériques entre les
concepts
Représentation en râteau des relations partitives
Ligne avec une flèche à chaque bout pour représenter des
relations associatives entre les concepts
Le système de notation utilisé tout au long du document est le suivant:
— termes désignant les concepts définis dans l'ISO 1087-1:2000 sont en italiques;
— les concepts sont entre guillemets;
— les désignations (termes, appellations ou symboles) sont en caractères gras;
— les caractères sont soulignés;
— les exemples figurent dans des encadrés.
La présente Norme internationale suit les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2, 2004, concernant l'utilisation du verbe
«devoir» pour exprimer une obligation et la locution «il convient de», ou locutions équivalentes, pour formuler
une recommandation.
Il est à noter que les exemples figurant dans la présente Norme internationale ont été choisis et simplifiés à
des fins d'illustration. Lors de la traduction en d'autres langues, il peut être nécessaire de choisir d'autres
exemples pour il
...
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