SIST EN 13706-2:2003
(Main)Reinforced plastics composites - Specifications for pultruded profiles - Part 2: Methods of test and general requirements
Reinforced plastics composites - Specifications for pultruded profiles - Part 2: Methods of test and general requirements
This Part 2 of ENxxxx defines the general requirements applicable to the specification of all types of pultruded profiles falling within the scope of this specification as defined in Part 1 of the standard. This Part 2 of ENxxxx describes the procedures to be followed in the preparation of test specimens for the determination of mechanical properties required for the designation in Part 1 and the technical specification in Part 3. This Part 2 of ENxxxx also defines the test methods to be used to determine both the designated and the specified properties given in Parts 1 & 3 respectively.
Verstärkte Kunststoffverbundwerkstoffe - Spezifikationen für pultrudierte Profile - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren und allgemeine Anforderungen
1.1 Der vorliegende Teil 2 von EN 13706 legt die allgemeinen Anforderungen fest, die auf die Spezifikation von sämtlichen Arten pultrudierter Profile anwendbar sind, die in den Anwendungsbereich dieser Spezifikation fallen, wie es in Teil 1 von EN 13706 festgelegt ist.
1.2 Der vorliegende Teil 2 von EN 13706 legt die Eigenschaften fest, die bei der Vorbereitung von Probekörpern zur Bestimmung von mechanischen Eigenschaften für die Bezeichnung in Teil 1 und die besonderen Anforderungen in Teil 3 von EN 13706 zu befolgen sind.
1.3 Der vorliegende Teil 2 von EN 13706 legt auch die Prüfverfahren fest, die zur Bestimmung der in den Teilen 1 bzw. 3 von EN 13706 bezeichneten und festgelegten Eigenschaften anzuwenden sind.
Composites en plastiques renforcés - Spécification pour les profilés pultrudés - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai et exigences générales
1.1 La présente partie 2 de l'EN 13706 spécifie les exigences générales applicables a la spécification de tous les types de profilés pultrudés entrant dans le cadre du domaine d'application de cette spécification, comme défini dans la Partie 1 de l'EN 13706.
1.2 La présente partie de l'EN 13706 spécifie les modes opératoires a suivre pour préparer les éprouvettes utilisées pour déterminer les propriétés mécaniques nécessaires a la désignation définie dans la Partie 1 et a la spécification technique définie dans la Partie 3 de l'EN 13706.
1.3 La présente partie de l'EN 13706 spécifie également les méthodes d'essai a utiliser pour déterminer les propriétés désignées et les propriétés spécifiées indiquées respectivement dans les Parties 1 et 3 de l'EN 13706.
Ojačeni polimerni kompoziti - Specifikacije za pultrudirane profile - 2. del: Preskusne metode in splošne zahteve
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Verstärkte Kunststoffverbundwerkstoffe - Spezifikationen für pultrudierte Profile - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren und allgemeine AnforderungenComposites en plastiques renforcés - Spécification pour les profilés pultrudés - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai et exigences généralesReinforced plastics composites - Specifications for pultruded profiles - Part 2: Methods of test and general requirements83.120Reinforced plasticsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13706-2:2002SIST EN 13706-2:2003en01-maj-2003SIST EN 13706-2:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13706-2October 2002ICS 83.120; 83.140.99English versionReinforced plastics composites - Specifications for pultrudedprofiles - Part 2: Methods of test and general requirementsComposites en plastique renforcé - Spécification pour lesprofilés pultrudés - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai et exigencesgénéralesVerstärkte Kunststoffverbundwerkstoffe - Spezifikationenfür pultrudierte Profile - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren undallgemeine AnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 September 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13706-2:2002 ESIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44General requirements.54.1Appearance.54.2Dimensional tolerance.54.3Workmanship.55Sampling.55.1General.55.2Certificate of Conformity.55.3Resolution of quality issues.56Preparation of plates and test specimens.56.1Manufacture of test plates.66.2Preparation of specimens.66.3Profile full section test specimens.67List of Properties.78Labelling.8Annex A (normative)
Visual Defects: Descriptions and Acceptance Levels (see also annex C -Workmanship).9Annex B (normative)
Dimensional tolerances for pultruded profiles.12Annex C (normative)
Workmanship.14Annex D (normative)
Determination of effective flexural modulus.16Annex E (normative)
Determination of the pin bearing strength.21Annex F (informative)
Recommended test methods for particular requirements.26Annex G (informative)
Determination of flexural, shear and torsional stiffness properties.29Bibliography.40SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)3ForewordThis document EN 13706-2:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", thesecretariat of which is held by IBN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by April 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byApril 2003.Part 2 of this European Standard, EN 13706, defines the test methods and general requirements applicable to thespecification of pultruded profiles.EN 13706 consists of the following parts under the general title Reinforced plastics composites - Specifications forpultruded profiles.¾ Part 1: Designation¾ Part 2: Methods of test and general requirements¾ Part 3: Specific requirementsAnnexes A to E of are normative. Annexes F and G are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)41 Scope1.1This Part 2 of EN 13706 specifies the general requirements applicable to the specification of all types ofpultruded profiles falling within the scope of this specification as defined in Part 1 of EN 13706.1.2This Part 2 of EN 13706 specifies the properties to be followed in the preparation of test specimens for thedetermination of mechanical properties required for the designation in Part 1 and the specific requirements inPart 3 of EN 13706.1.3This Part 2 of EN 13706 also specifies the test methods to be used to determine both the designated and thespecified properties given in Parts 1 and 3 respectively of EN 13706.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.EN ISO 472, Plastics- Vocabulary (ISO 472:1999).EN ISO 527-4, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 4: Test condition for isotropic and orthotopicfibre-reinforced plastics composites (ISO 527-4:1997).EN ISO 14125, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of flexural properties (ISO 14125:1998).EN ISO 14130, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength byshort-beam method (ISO 14130:1997).ISO 1268-6, Fibre-reinforced plastics – Methods for producing test plates - Part 6: Pultrusion moulding.ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment – Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse)– Specification.NOTEOther test methods in Tables F.1 to F.4 of annex F are informative and the full titles are given in those Tables.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 472 and the following apply.3.1pultrusioncontinuous production process for the manufacture of composite profiles, by pulling layers of fibrous materials,impregnated with a synthetic resin, through a temperature controlled die, and by curing and/or cooling the resin,forming the final shape of the profile3.2pultruded profilelinear composite products, produced continuously by the pultrusion process and usually of constant cross sectionand characteristicsSIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)53.3structuralarea of application of pultruded profiles where the load bearing characteristic is the major criterion of design andwhere the product is part of a load bearing system. For the purposes of this standard the minimum mechanicalproperties for a profile to be classified as structural is one which meets the minimum properties of grade E17 asdefined in Table 1 of 4.4 in EN 13706-3:20023.4reinforcement layerdiscrete layer of reinforcement comprising of one type of fibre format, such as unidirectional rovings, mat or fabric3.5transverse reinforcementreinforcement included to provide the required level of properties in the direction transverse to the pultrusion axis(e.g. mat, fabric)4 General requirements4.1 AppearanceThe pultrusion shall meet the requirements given in annex A, “Visual Defects: Descriptions and AcceptanceLevels”.4.2 Dimensional toleranceThe pultrusion shall meet the requirements given in annex B, “Dimensional Tolerances for Pultruded Profiles”.4.3 WorkmanshipThe pultrusion shall meet the requirements given in annex C, “Workmanship”.5 Sampling5.1 GeneralThe properties of pultruded profiles shall be measured by the manufacturer in accordance with a recognised qualitycontrol scheme and documented in the form of a certificate of conformity.5.2 Certificate of ConformityWhere required by the customer a certificate of conformity shall be issued identifying both the obligatory propertiesas defined in EN 13706-3, plus other optional tests as may be agreed between customer and supplier. Thecertificate shall comply with the requirements of EN 10204.5.3 Resolution of quality issuesIn the case when issues of quality arise between customer and supplier, re-testing of the material is necessary.The sampling and tests shall be undertaken as agreed between customer and supplier.6 Preparation of plates and test specimensTest specimens shall be cut from the profile where the dimensions of the profile permit (see 6.2.2). In other cases,a test plate can be used to simulate the pultrusion for the determination of the laminate properties for design orqualification purposes.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)66.1 Manufacture of test platesTest plates shall be manufactured in accordance with ISO 1268-6 using a flat strip die. For test specimens cut onlyin the direction of production, the flat strip shall be a minimum of 50 mm wide.If properties perpendicular to the direction of production are required, the flat strip shall be a minimum of 250 mmwide.The thickness of the flat strip shall be the same as the profile being simulated.The raw materials used, the laminate construction and the production parameters (die temperature, pull speed,etc.) of the test plate shall match as closely as possible the intended production conditions of the profile beingsimulated.6.2 Preparation of specimens6.2.1 DimensionsTest specimens shall be cut to the dimensions and tolerances given in the individual test methods.6.2.2 Cutting of test specimensTest specimens shall not be taken closer than 10 mm to the edges or change in section of a profile. The cutting oftest specimens shall be undertaken in such a way that any resultant edge defects do not adversely affect the testresults. One of the following three procedures may be used.6.2.2.1 MillingTest specimens may be cut from the test plaque using a duplicating or CNC milling machine.6.2.2.2 SawingTest specimens may be cut from the test plaque using a circular saw fitted with a hardened metal or diamondedged saw blade. Alternative techniques such as laser or water jet cutting are also acceptable if meeting the abovequality requirements.6.2.2.3 Pre-cuttingTest specimens may be cut by any convenient means to a minimum of 5 mm over the specified width of the testspecimen. 5 or 10 test specimens may then be packed together and milled to size as a block.6.3 Profile full section test specimensA profile full section test shall be used to determine the effective full section flexural modulus as required inclause 4 of EN 13706-3:2002 using the test method described in annex D.Samples for the profile full section test shall be selected in accordance with the criteria given in clause 5 of thisPart 2.The samples selected shall be cut square at the ends and of sufficient length for the intended test (see annex D ofPart 2), and free from obvious production or other defects as listed in annexes B and C.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)77 List of PropertiesTable 1 defines the list of material properties which shall be specified and the test methods which shall be used ineach case to determine the property value.Table 1 — List of properties which shall be specified and associated test methodsPropertyUnitTest Method1.1Full Section testGPaannex D, EN 13706-31.2Tension modulus-axialGPa1.3Tension modulus-transverseGPaEN ISO 527-41.4Tension strength-axialMPa1.5Tension strength-transverseMPa1.6Pin bearing strength- axialMPaannex E, Part 21.7Pin bearing strength-transverseMPa1.8Flexural strength-axialMPaEN ISO 141251.9Flexural strength- transverseMPa1.10Interlaminar shear strength-axialMPaEN ISO 14130NOTEIt should be noted that the stacking sequence of the different reinforcements formats (e.g. mat, rovings) produces a“sandwich type” layered structure, which results in different properties being obtained in flexural and tensile coupon tests. Theposition of the lay-up in the profile in webs and flanges results in similar differences between these coupon tests and the fullsection test. It is not possible to predict any of the values from data obtained from a different test mode or test direction.Table 2 defines the list of material properties which may be specified by agreement between customer and supplierand the test methods which shall be used in each case to determine the property value.Table 2 — List of properties which may be specified and associated test methodsPropertyUnitsTest Method2.1Compression strength -axialMPaEN ISO 141262.2Compression strength - transverseMPa2.3Fibre content by weight%EN ISO 11722.4Densitykg/m3ISO 11832.5Poisson’s Ratio-axialEN ISO 527-42.6Poisson’s Ratio-transverse2.7Thermal expansion-axialm/m °CISO 11359-22.8Thermal expansion-transversem/m °C2.9In-plane shear modulusGPaISO 15310Recommended methods for the determination of a number of mechanical, thermal, chemical, environmental andelectrical properties are given in the Informative annexes F and G. Unless otherwise agreed between interestedparties, it is recommended that preference should be given to using these methods where applicable.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)88 LabellingEach package shall be clearly identified with:8.1Reference to the designation code.8.2Product type.8.3Section dimensions.8.4Number of sections or the total length in metres.8.5Gross and net weight of the pallet.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)9Annex A(normative)Visual Defects: Descriptions and Acceptance Levels(see also annex C -Workmanship)NOTE 1These descriptions and levels are assessed by the unaided eye at a distance of 400 mm to 500 mm.NOTE 2Defect acceptable levels are on the basis that they cause no-adverse effect on mechanical performance of thepultruded profile.NOTE 3Some defects require examination of the cut end of a length of pultruded profile.Table A.1NameDefinitionAcceptance LevelBlisterA rounded elevation of the pultruded surface withboundaries that may be more or less sharply defined.NOTEThe rounded elevation somewhat resembles inshape a blister on the surface of human skin. Blisters mayexist within the pultrusion as a hollow delaminated area(gas-filled) under a raised portion of the surface.Permitted if formed between surfacing veiland next layer of reinforcement. Size notgreater than 15 % of width and not greaterthan 10 mm in any direction. No morethan 1 per 5 m of length.Product shall meet test requirements andnot exceed dimensional tolerances.CrackA visual separation that occurs internally or penetratesperpendicularly down from the pultruded surface to theequivalent of one full layer or more transverse to thereinforcement.NoneCraterA small, shallow pultrusion surface imperfection, greaterthan 1 mm in diameter.None greater than 5 mm diameter and1 mm depth. No more than two per metrefor craters between 1 mm and 5 mmdiameter.DelaminationThe visible separation of two or more layers or plies ofreinforcing material within a pultrusion.NoneDie Parting LineA lengthwise flash or depression on the surface of apultruded plastic part.NOTEThe die-parting line is associated with the areawhere separate pieces of the die join together to form thecavity.The line projection caused by the die-parting line shall not extend past theproduct's surface by more than 0,20 mm. Itshall not create a sharp edge or haveloose fibres. Repair if limits exceeded.DullnessA lack of normal pultruded surface gloss or shine.NOTEThis condition can be caused by insufficientcure locally or in large areas, resulting in the dull bandcreated on a pultruded part within the die when thepultrusion process is interrupted briefly (see Stop mark).Permitted unless caused by insufficientcure.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)10Table A.1 (continued)NameDefinitionAcceptance LevelExposedUnderlayerThe underlying layer of mat or roving not covered bysurface veil in a pultruded profile.Permitted if surfacing material covers allbut 5 mm from each free edge but not toexceed 20 % of the width of the surfacebeing inspectedFibre prominenceA visible and measurable pattern of the reinforcing materialon the surface of a pultruded profile.Permitted if reinforcing material isencapsulated by resin.FoldedReinforcementAn unintentional or unspecified misalignment of mat orfabric reinforcing material in relation to the contour of apultruded section.NOTESuch folds can or can not affect the surfaceappearance of the pultrusion and are chiefly visible in a cut crosssection of the product. Such reinforcement irregularities areusually due to shifting and crowding of the reinforcing materialduring pultrusion.Not permitted if fold causes a deviation inlayer position greater than 20 % ofthickness or 1,5 mm out of its plane.FractureCracks, crazing, or delamination, or a combination thereof,resulting from physical damage to the pultrusion.NoneGroovingLong narrow grooves or depressions in a surface of apultruded profile parallel to its length.Permitted if material thickness reduction isnot over 10 % and groove width is 3 mm orless. May be continuous in a length.Grooves on opposing surfaces are notpermitted. Shall satisfy dimensional andmechanical requirements.InclusionAny foreign matter or particles greater than 1 mm in anydimension that are either encapsulated or imbedded in thepultruded profile.None in excess of 5 mm in any dimension.No inclusion shall create a surface blemishabove the resin. Not more than 1 per metreof length.Internal Dry FibreA condition in which fibres are not fully impregnated byresin during pultrusion.Permissible if area less than 0,5 mmdiameter and not more than 2 % of thecross-section, including Internal Porosity(Void).Internal ShrinkageCracksLongitudinal cracks in the pultrusion that are found withinsections of roving reinforcement.NOTEThis condition is caused by shrinkage strains duringcure that show up in the roving portion of the pultruded profilewhere transverse strength is low.Permitted if the crack does not penetratean adjoining layer, reach the surface of theproduct or cause the product not to meetsthe test requirements.Porosity, Internal(Void)The presence of numerous voids beneath the pultrudedprofile surface, usually observable only in a cut crosssection.Sum of pinhole porosity area and void areashall be no more than 2 % of cross-sectional area, including Internal Dry FibrePorosity, Surface(Void)The presence of numerous visible pits or pinholes at ornear the pultruded profile surface, less than 1 mmdiameter.Permitted if pits are less than 0,4 mm indiameter and 0.4 mm deep. Maximum of5 pits per 100 cm2 of area and no morethan one such area per 0,3 m of product.Resin rich areaAn area of pultruded profile that lacks sufficientreinforcementPermitted if product meets testrequirements (see also FoldedReinforcement).SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)11Table A.1 (continued)NameDefinitionAcceptance LevelSaw BurnBlackening or carbonisation of a cut surface of a pultrudedprofile.Permitted if product meets testrequirements.ScaleA condition wherein resin plates or particles are on thesurface of a pultruded profile.NOTEScales can often be readily removed, sometimesleaving surface voids or depressions.Permitted if removal does not expose dryfibres and dimensional tolerances are met.Stop MarkA band, either dull or glossy, on the surface, approximately12 to 100 mm long and extending around the periphery ofa pultruded profile.NOTEThis condition is the result of an interruption inthe normal continuous pulling operation.Permitted unless other associated defects(such as scale, craters, porosity, chips,and gouges) exceed their permitted levels.Under CureInsufficient crosslinking of the resin.NOTELeads to lower mechanical performance and lowerBarcol hardness (e.g. less than 30).NoneWrinkleDepressionAn undulation or series of undulations or waves on thesurface of the pultruded profile.NOTEThis condition can occur in either thelengthwise or crosswise direction of the pultruded profileand is caused by reinforcement shifting and crowding (seeFolded reinforcement). Wrinkles affect the flatness of thesurface.Permitted if the product is still within thedimensional tolerance limits.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)12Annex B(normative)Dimensional tolerances for pultruded profilesTable B.1PropertyToleranceWall thickness of open and closed profilesNominal dimensions (mm)ThicknessT1T20 to 2± 0,15± 10 %2 to 5± 0,20with5 to 10± 0,35minimum± 0,45of ± 0,30Flatness in transverse directionToleranceF < 0,008 ´ B mmProfile height and width of flangeNominal dimensions (mm)B and H: ± 0,5 %with minimum ± 0,20 mmand maximum ± 0,75 mmSize of angleToleranceY ± 1,5 °SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)13StraightnessTolerance (B and H are overall breadth and height dimensions)D < 0,002 ´ L2 for sections with B or H < 50 mmD < 0,001 ´ L2 for sections with B or H ³ 50 and < 100 mmD < 0,000 5 ´ L2 for sections with B or H ³ 100 mmwhere D and L are in metres.TwistToleranceV < 1,5° per metre maximum for thickness < 5 mmV < 1,0° per metre maximum for thickness ³ 5 mmSIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)14Annex C(normative)WorkmanshipC.1 Reinforcement geometryC.1.1 Overlaps of mat: longitudinalA minimum of 5 mm overlap should be used in closed sections.Key1Pultruded profile axial directionFigure C.1 – Overlaps of mat: longitudinalC.1.2 Mat transverse splicesSplices shall not reduce the value of the minimum properties required for the grade in use.Not more than one splice per laminate thickness shall be used, or 20 % of the mats for a laminate of more than fivelayers of transverse reinforcement, in a 1 m section of profile.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)15Dimensions in millimetresKey1Pultruded profile axial directionFigure C.2 – Mat transverse splicesC.1.3 Mat positioning in sectionThe outer layer of transverse reinforcement shall follow the outside contours of the profile. Outer layers oftransverse reinforcement are allowed to end in the extremities of a profile, but not at corners or T-junctions of aprofile.It is good practice, whenever possible, not to let inner layers of transverse reinforcement stop in a corner or Tjunctions.Figure C.3 – Mat positioning in sectionC.2 Roving splicesRoving splices are allowed, but shall be such that minimal mechanical properties are not affected. Not morethan 20 % of rovings should be spliced in any metre of length.SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)16Annex D(normative)Determination of effective flexural modulusD.1 GeneralD.1.1This annex specifies a method for determining the effective flexural modulus of full sections of a pultrudedprofiles.D.1.2The method is suitable for symmetrical thin walled pultruded profiles.An angle should be tested so that it does not twist, by testing two angles (bolted) back-to-back (û ë).D.1.3A pultruded profile of regular cross section is loaded as a simple beam in three-point flexure at a test spanof 20 times the section depth with a tolerance of ± 10mm. From the slope of a plot of the load applied versus theresulting deflection the flexural stiffness is obtained.NOTEThe span to depth ratio is chosen to limit the reduction in the flexural modulus from unaccounted additionaldeflection due to the associated deformation in shear - see Figure D.1. The calculation in clause 7 includes a factor to correct,on average, for this effect.D.1.4This normative annex incorporates by undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Thelatest edition of the publication referred to applies.ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment - Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate oftraverse) - Specification.Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this procedure, the following terms and definitions apply.D.2.1flexural stiffness, Dflexural stiffness of a profile, expressed in Nmm2D.2.2span, Ldistance between the two supports, expressed in millimetres, mmD.2.3mid-span deflection, sdistance over which the bottom surface of the profile at the midspan of the specimen deviated from its originalposition, expressed in millimetres, mmD.2.4speed of testing, vrate of relative movement between the supports and the loading edge, expressed in millimetres per minute,mm/minD.2.5second moment of area, Isecond moment of area of the profile cross section. It is expressed in millimetres, mm4SIST EN 13706-2:2003
EN 13706-2:2002 (E)17D.2.6effective flexural modulus, Eeffmodulus obtained by dividing the flexural stiffness by the second moment of area. It is expressed in GPaD.2.7profile coordinate axesfor the pultruded profile the direction along the production direction, or axis of the profile, is defined as the “axial"direction and the perpendicular direction is defined as the “transverse" directionNOTEThe "axial" direction is also referred to as the 0 degree (0o), “1” or longitudinal direction, and the "transverse"direction as the 90 degree (90o) or “2” direction.D.3ApparatusD.3.1Test machineD.3.1.1General, the machine shall conform to ISO 5893 as appropriate to the requirements given in D.3.1.2and D.3.1.3.D.3.1.2Speed of testing, v, shall be kept constant according to ISO 5893.D.3.1.3Indicator for load, such that the error shall not exceed ± 1 % of the full scale (see ISO 5893).D.3.1.4Apparatus for measurement of mid-span deflection, s, the mid-span deflection shall be measuredto a precision of ± 1 % of the indicated value using, for example, a Linear Variable Differential Transducer (LVDT).D.3.2Loading member and supports, the radius of the loading member and supports, R1 and R2 respectively,shall be 100 mm and 50 mm minimum; They shall be circular in cross section to within 2 % of their diameter andshall be straight to within 1 % of their length.The length of the loading member and supports shall be greater than the test specimen width, b. The loadingmember shall apply the load mid-way between the supports. The span distance between the supports shall beadjustable.D.3.3Micrometer, or equivalent, capable of reading to 0,01 mm, or less, for measuring the wall thickn
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