oSIST prEN 14620-1:2022
(Main)Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -196 °C - Part 1: General
Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -196 °C - Part 1: General
This European Standard is a specification for vertical, cylindrical tank systems, built on site, above ground and of which either the primary liquid container or the liquid tight barrier is made of steel. The secondary liquid container, if applicable, may be of steel or of concrete or a combination of both. A primary liquid container made of pre-stressed concrete is excluded from the scope of this European Standard.
This European Standard specifies principles and application rules for the structural design of the “containment” during construction, testing, commissioning, operation (accidental included), and decommissioning. It does not address the requirements for ancillary equipment such as pumps, pumpwells, valves, piping, instrumentation, staircases etc. unless they can affect the structural design of the tank systems. This European Standard also does not address tank system operating procedures.
This European Standard applies to all components located within, attached to and providing access to the tank system. It defines minimum performance requirements for the tank system, tank system foundation and protection systems. From process piping standpoint the scope of this European Standard is limited to the following boundaries:
a) The face of the first flange outside of the tank in bolted flanged connection;
b) The first threaded joint outside of the tank in threaded connection;
c) The first circumferential pipe welded joint outside of the tank in welding-end pipe connection, which does not have a flange
This European Standard applies to storage tank systems designed to store products, having an atmospheric boiling point below ambient temperature, in a dual phase, i.e. liquid and vapour. The equilibrium between liquid and vapour phases being maintained by cooling down the product to a temperature equal to, or just below, its atmospheric boiling point in combination with a slight overpressure in the storage tank system.
The maximum design pressure of the tank systems covered by this European Standard is limited to 500 mbar. For higher pressures, reference can be made to EN 13445, Parts 1 to 5.
The operating range of the gasses to be stored is between 0 °C and -196°C.
The tank systems covered by this European Standard are used to store large volumes of hydrocarbon products, ammonia and other non-hydrocarbon gases with low temperature boiling points, generally called “Refrigerated Liquefied Gases” (RLGs). Typical products stored in the tank systems are: methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, butadiene (this range includes the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG’s) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG’s)), ammonia, nitrogen, oxygen and argon.
The requirements of this European Standard cannot cover all details of design and construction because of the variety of sizes and configurations that may be employed. Where complete requirements for a specific design are not provided, the intention is for the designer, subject to approval of the purchaser's authorized representative, to provide design and details that are as safe as those laid out in this European Standard.
This European Standard specifies general requirements for the tank system concept, selection and general design considerations.
The requirements specific for liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen and liquid argon are covered in Part 6 and requirements specific to anhydrous ammonia are covered in Part 7 of this European Standard. In case of conflict between requirements of this Part and requirements on the same subject listed in Parts 6 and 7, the requirements set forth in Part 6 and 7 take precedence.
Auslegung und Herstellung standortgefertigter, stehender, zylindrischer Flachboden-Tanksysteme für die Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen bei Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 0 °C und -196 °C - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Dieses Dokument behandelt stehende, zylindrische, standortgefertigte, oberirdische Tanksysteme, bei denen entweder der zur Aufnahme der Flüssigkeit vorgesehene Primärbehälter oder die flüssigkeitsdichte Sperre aus Stahl besteht. Der Sekundärbehälter, falls vorhanden, kann aus Stahl oder Beton, oder aus einer Kombination von beiden bestehen. Primärbehälter, die aus Spannbeton hergestellt werden, fallen nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments.
Dieses Dokument legt Grundsätze und Anwendungsregeln für die Bemessung der "Sicherheitshülle" bei Bau, Prüfung, Inbetriebnahme, Betrieb (unbeabsichtigter Betrieb eingeschlossen) und Außerbetriebnahme fest. Anforderungen an Zusatzausrüstungen wie Pumpen, Pumpsonden, Ventile, Rohrleitungen, Messgeräte, Treppen usw. werden nicht behandelt, außer wenn sie die Bemessung der Tanksysteme beeinflussen können. Dieses Dokument befasst sich auch nicht mit Betriebsverfahren für Tanksysteme.
Dieses Dokument gilt für alle Bauteile, die sich in dem Tanksystem befinden, an ihm befestigt sind und Zugang zu ihm bieten. Es legt die Mindestanforderungen an das Tanksystem, das Fundament des Tanksystems und die Schutzsysteme fest. Aus Sicht der Prozessrohrleitungen ist der Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments auf die folgenden Grenzen beschränkt:
a) die Stirnseite des ersten Flansches außerhalb des Tanks bei verschraubten Flanschanschlüssen;
b) die erste Schraubverbindung außerhalb des Tanks bei einer Gewindeverbindung;
c) die erste umlaufende Rohrschweißnaht außerhalb des Tanks bei einem Rohranschluss mit Schweißende ohne Flansch.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Lagertanksysteme, die für die Lagerung von Produkten vorgesehen sind, die in der dualen Phase, d. h. in der Flüssigkeits- und Dampfphase, bei atmosphärischem Druck einen Siedepunkt unterhalb der Umgebungstemperatur haben. Das Gleichgewicht zwischen Flüssigkeits- und Dampfphase wird aufrechterhalten durch Abkühlung des Produkts auf eine Temperatur, die dem Siedepunkt bei atmosphärischem Druck oder einer etwas niedrigeren Temperatur entspricht, verbunden mit einem leichten Überdruck im Lagertanksystem.
Der maximale Auslegungsüberdruck für die in diesem Dokument behandelten Tanksysteme ist auf 500 mbar begrenzt. Für höhere Drücke kann auf EN 13445, Teil 1 bis Teil 5 Bezug genommen werden.
Der Betriebsbereich der zu lagernden Gase liegt bei 0 °C bis −196 °C.
Die in diesem Dokument behandelten Tanksysteme werden zur Lagerung großer Volumina von Kohlenwasserstoffprodukten, Ammoniak und anderen Nicht-Kohlenwasserstoffgasen mit niedrigen Siedepunkten verwendet, die allgemein als "Tiefkalt verflüssigte Gase" (RLG) bezeichnet werden. In den Tanksystemen werden üblicherweise Methan, Ethan, Propan, Butan, Ethylen, Propylen, Butadien (Flüssigerdgas (LNG) und Flüssiggas (LPG) sind eingeschlossen), Ammoniak, Stickstoff, Sauerstoff und Argon gelagert.
ANMERKUNG Die Eigenschaften der Gase sind in Anhang A aufgeführt.
Da für diese Tanksysteme sehr viele Größenordnungen und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten anwendbar sind, können durch die Anforderungen dieses Dokuments nicht alle Einzelheiten abgedeckt werden, die bei Auslegung und Bau der Tanksysteme zu beachten sind. Wenn für die Auslegung einer spezifischen Tankanlage keine vollständigen Anforderungen vorliegen, obliegt die Festlegung von Auslegungsdetails und grundlagen mit einer diesem Dokument entsprechenden Zuverlässigkeit dem Konstrukteur im Einvernehmen mit dem vom Besteller bevollmächtigten Vertreter.
In diesem Dokument werden allgemeine Anforderungen an Konzeption und Auswahl der Tanksysteme sowie allgemeine Auslegungsbetrachtungen festgelegt.
[...]
Conception et fabrication de réservoirs cylindriques fond plat, verticaux, construits sur site, destinés au stockage des gaz réfrigérés, liquéfiés, dont les températures de service sont comprises entre 0 °C et -196 °C - Partie 1 : Généralités
Le présent document donne les spécifications relatives aux réservoirs verticaux, cylindriques, construits sur site, situés au-dessus du niveau du sol et dont la cuve de liquide primaire ou la barrière étanche aux liquides est en acier. La cuve de liquide secondaire, le cas échéant, peut être en acier, en béton ou être une combinaison des deux. Le domaine d'application du présent document ne couvre pas les cuves de liquide primaires en béton précontraint.
Le présent document spécifie des principes et des règles d'application pour la conception structurelle du « confinement » lors de la construction, des essais, de la mise en service, du fonctionnement (y compris en cas d'accident) et de la mise hors service. Il n'aborde pas les exigences relatives aux équipements auxiliaires (tels que les pompes, les puits de pompe, les vannes, la canalisation, l'appareillage, les cages d'escalier, etc.) sauf s'ils sont susceptibles d'affecter la conception structurelle des systèmes du réservoir. Le présent document n'aborde pas non plus les procédures de fonctionnement des réservoirs.
Le présent document s'applique à tous les constituants situés à l'intérieur du réservoir, reliés à celui-ci ou assurant l'accès à celui-ci. Il définit les exigences de performance minimale pour le réservoir, ses fondations et les dispositifs de protection. En ce qui concerne les tuyauteries du système, le domaine d'application du présent document est défini par les limites suivantes :
a) la face de la première bride à l'extérieur du réservoir en cas de raccord à bride boulonné ;
b) le premier joint fileté à l'extérieur du réservoir en cas de raccord fileté ;
c) le premier joint soudé de tuyauterie à l'extérieur du réservoir en cas de raccord avec extrémité à souder, sans bride.
Le présent document s'applique aux réservoirs de stockage d'un produit dont la température d'équilibre liquide vapeur à pression atmosphérique est inférieure à la température ambiante. L'équilibre entre les phases liquide et vapeur est maintenu par le refroidissement du produit à une température égale ou légèrement inférieure à sa température d'ébullition à pression atmosphérique, associée à une légère surpression dans le réservoir de stockage.
La pression maximale de conception des réservoirs couverts par le présent document est limitée à 500 mbar. Pour des pressions supérieures, il est possible de consulter l'EN 13445, Parties 1 à 5.
La plage de fonctionnement associée à la température des gaz à stocker est comprise entre 0 °C et -196 °C.
Les réservoirs couverts par le présent document sont utilisés pour le stockage de grands volumes de produits hydrocarbonés, d'ammoniac et d'autres gaz non hydrocarbonés se vaporisant à basse température, généralement appelés « gaz liquéfiés réfrigérés » (GLR). Les produits typiques stockés dans les réservoirs sont : le méthane, l'éthane, le propane, le butane, l'éthylène, le propylène, le butadiène (cette gamme de produits incluant les gaz naturels liquéfiés [GNL] et les gaz de pétrole liquéfiés [GPL]), l'ammoniac, l'azote, l'oxygène et l'argon.
NOTE Les propriétés des gaz sont données dans l'Annexe A.
Les exigences du présent document ne peuvent aborder tous les détails de conception et de construction en raison de la variété des dimensions et des configurations possibles. À défaut d'exigences précises relatives à une conception spécifique, il s'agit pour le concepteur, avec l'approbation du représentant autorisé du client, de fournir une conception et des détails de même niveau de sécurité que ceux établis dans le présent document.
Le présent document spécifie les exigences générales pour la conception, le choix et le dimensionnement général du réservoir.
[...]
Konstruiranje in proizvodnja na mestu postavitve grajenih pokončnih, valjastih jeklenih posod z ravnim dnom za shranjevanje hlajenih utekočinjenih plinov z delovnimi temperaturami med 0 °C in –196 °C - 1. del: Splošno
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14620-1:2022
01-marec-2022
Konstruiranje in proizvodnja na mestu postavitve grajenih navpičnih, valjastih
jeklenih posod z ravnim dnom za shranjevanje hlajenih utekočinjenih plinov z
delovnimi temperaturami med 0 °C in –196 °C - 1. del: Splošno
Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for
the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C
and -196 °C - Part 1: General
Auslegung und Herstellung standortgefertigter, stehender, zylindrischer Flachboden-
Stahltanks für die Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen bei Betriebstemperaturen
zwischen 0 °C und -196 °C - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14620-1
ICS:
23.020.10 Nepremične posode in Stationary containers and
rezervoarji tanks
oSIST prEN 14620-1:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 14620-1:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14620-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2022
ICS 23.020.10 Will supersede EN 14620-1:2006
English Version
Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical,
flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated,
liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C
and -196 °C - Part 1: General
Auslegung und Herstellung standortgefertigter,
stehender, zylindrischer Flachboden-Stahltanks für die
Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen bei
Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 0 °C und -165 °C - Teil
1: Allgemeines
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 265.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14620-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Concept selection . 13
5 Quality assurance and quality control . 24
6 Health, safety and environment plan . 24
7 General design considerations. 25
8 Inspection and maintenance. 40
9 Marking and documentation . 40
Annex A (informative) Physical properties of gases . 44
Annex B (normative) Design information . 45
B.1 Information to be specified by the purchaser . 45
B.2 Information to be provided by tank system contractor. 46
B.3 Information to be agreed between the purchaser and the contractor . 46
Annex C (normative) Seismic analysis . 47
C.1 General. 47
C.2 Analysis of the tank system structure . 47
C.3 Modelling of the tank system structure and fluid . 47
C.4 Response of the tank system structure . 48
C.5 Acceptance criteria and limits . 49
C.6 Vertical anchors . 50
Annex D (informative) Tank heating system . 51
Annex E (informative) Recommendations for geotechnical investigations and seismic hazard
evaluation . 53
E.1 General. 53
E.2 Purpose of the investigation . 53
E.3 Suggested minimum soil investigation . 54
E.4 Testing . 56
E.5 Soil data analysis and geotechnical report . 57
E.6 Site-specific seismicity hazard investigation . 58
Bibliography . 60
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European foreword
This document (prEN 14620-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 265 “Metallic
tanks for the storage of liquids”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14620-1:2006.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— general editorial update;
— standard boundaries are defined in the scope statement and applicability extended to −196°C;
— terms and definitions adjusted;
— normative references updated;
— description of various tank system concepts updated;
— risk assessment requirements improved;
— liquid levels and capacities clarified;
— foundation requirements updated and allowable foundation settlement requirements added;
— secondary containment design requirements clarified;
— earthquake requirements clarified;
— new chapter on marking and documentation added;
— new informative annex with recommendation for geotechnical investigation and seismic hazard
evaluation added.
EN 14620, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and −196 °C, consists of
the following parts:
— Part 1: General;
— Part 2: Metallic components;
— Part 3: Concrete components;
— Part 4: Insulation components;
— Part 5: Testing, drying, purging and cool-down;
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— Part 6: Specific requirements for the design and construction of tank systems for the storage of
liquefied oxygen (LOX), liquefied nitrogen (LIN) and liquefied argon (LAR); and
— Part 7: Specific requirements for the design and construction of tank systems for the storage of
liquefied anhydrous ammonia.
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1 Scope
This document is a specification for vertical, cylindrical tank systems, built on site, above ground and of
which either the primary liquid container or the liquid tight barrier is made of steel. The secondary liquid
container, if applicable, can be of steel or of concrete or a combination of both. A primary liquid container
made of pre-stressed concrete is excluded from the scope of this document.
This document specifies principles and application rules for the structural design of the “containment”
during construction, testing, commissioning, operation (accidental included), and decommissioning. It
does not address the requirements for ancillary equipment such as pumps, pumpwells, valves, piping,
instrumentation, staircases etc. unless they can affect the structural design of the tank systems. This
document also does not address tank system operating procedures.
This document applies to all components located within, attached to and providing access to the tank
system. It defines minimum performance requirements for the tank system, tank system foundation and
protection systems. From a process piping standpoint, the scope of this document is limited to the
following boundaries:
a) the face of the first flange outside of the tank in bolted flanged connection;
b) the first threaded joint outside of the tank in threaded connection;
c) the first circumferential pipe welded joint outside of the tank in welding-end pipe connection, which
does not have a flange.
This document applies to storage tank systems designed to store products, having an atmospheric boiling
point below ambient temperature, in a dual phase, i.e. liquid and vapour. The equilibrium between liquid
and vapour phases being maintained by cooling down the product to a temperature equal to, or just
below, its atmospheric boiling point in combination with a slight overpressure in the storage tank system.
The maximum design pressure of the tank systems covered by this document is limited to 500 mbar. For
higher pressures, reference can be made to EN 13445, Parts 1 to 5.
The operating range of the gases to be stored is between 0 °C and −196°C.
The tank systems covered by this document are used to store large volumes of hydrocarbon products,
ammonia and other non-hydrocarbon gases with low temperature boiling points, generally called
“Refrigerated Liquefied Gases” (RLGs). Typical products stored in the tank systems are: methane, ethane,
propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, butadiene (this range includes the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG’s)
and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG’s)), ammonia, nitrogen, oxygen and argon.
NOTE Properties of the gases are given in Annex A.
The requirements of this document cannot cover all details of design and construction because of the
variety of sizes and configurations that may be employed. Where complete requirements for a specific
design are not provided, the intention is for the designer, subject to approval of the purchaser's
authorized representative, to provide design and details that are as safe as those laid out in this document.
This document specifies general requirements for the tank system concept, selection and general design
considerations.
The requirements specific for liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen and liquid argon are covered in
prEN 14620-6 and requirements specific to anhydrous ammonia are covered in EN 14620-7. In case of
conflict between requirements of this Part and requirements on the same subject listed in prEN 14620-6
and EN 14620-7, the requirements set forth in prEN 14620-6 and EN 14620-7 take precedence.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1473:2021, Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas - Design of onshore installations
EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design
EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads
EN 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions
EN 1991-1-6, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures Part 1-6: General actions - Actions during execution
EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules
1
EN 1998-1:2004, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance — Part 1: General rules,
seismic actions and rules for buildings
EN 1998-4:2006, Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks and
pipelines
EN 1998-5, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance Part 5: Foundations, retaining
structures and geotechnical aspects
EN ISO 28300, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Venting of atmospheric and low-
pressure storage tanks (ISO 28300)
EN 14620-2, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -165 °C - Part 2:
Metallic components
EN 14620-3, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -165 °C - Part 3:
Concrete components
EN 14620-4, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -165 °C - Part 4:
Insulation components
EN 14620-5, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -165 °C - Part 5:
Testing, drying, purging and cool-down
prEN 14620-6, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and −196 °C — Part 6:
Specific requirements for the design and construction of tank systems for the storage of liquefied oxygen
(LOX), liquefied nitrogen (LIN) and liquefied argon (LAR)
1
As impacted by EN 1998 1:2004/A1:2013.
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EN 14620-7, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and −196 °C — Part 7:
Specific requirements for the design and construction of tank systems for the storage of liquefied anhydrous
ammonia
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
action
a) set of forces (loads) applied to the structure (direct action)
b) set of imposed deformation or accelerations caused for example, by temperature changes, moisture
variation, uneven settlement or earthquakes (indirect action)
3.2
annular space
space between the primary liquid container and the outer tank
3.3
base slab
continuous concrete base supporting the tank system (either on the ground or elevated)
3.4
boil-off
process of vaporization of refrigerated liquid by heat conducted through the insulation surrounding the
storage tank system
3.5
bund wall
low construction of earth or concrete surrounding the storage tank system at a considerable distance to
contain spilled liquid
3.6
polymeric vapour barrier
reinforced or un-reinforced polymeric layer applied to the concrete to function as a product vapour
barrier
3.7
contractor
company contracted to supply a tank system or services as defined by the purchaser
3.8
design pressure
maximum permissible pressure
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3.9
design negative pressure
maximum permissible negative pressure (vacuum)
3.10
design metal temperature
minimum temperature for which the metal component is designed
Note 1 to entry: The minimum design temperature (in the case of the primary container) or a higher calculated
temperature.
3.11
design working life
assumed period for which a structure or part of it is to be used for its intended purpose with anticipated
maintenance
3.12
double containment tank system
liquid and vapour tight primary container, which itself is a single containment tank system, built inside a
liquid tight secondary container
Note 1 to entry: See 4.1.3.
3.13
foundation
elements of the construction that comprise the base slab, ring-wall or pile system required to support the
tank system and contents
3.14
freeboard
margin on tank system wall height to prevent the overfill, to allow for tilting settlements and to
accommodate seismic sloshing wave
3.15
full containment tank system
primary liquid container and a secondary liquid container, which together form an integrated storage
tank system
Note 1 to entry: See 4.1.4.
Note 2 to entry: The secondary container contains the vapour in normal operation and ensures controlled venting
in the case of a primary container leakage.
3.16
hazard
event having the potential to cause harm, including ill health and injury, damage to property, products or
the environment, production losses or increased liabilities
3.17
insulation system
component of the tank system consisting of a complete package of insulation material and, when
applicable, components for the insulation material fixing and protection to limit heat in-leak in the tank
system and maintain RLG in the liquefied state at pressure close to atmospheric
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3.18
insulation space
volume containing insulation material in the tank system annular space, and between the tank system
bottoms or roofs
3.19
liner
metallic plate installed against the inside of the concrete outer tank, impervious to product vapour and
water vapour
3.20
liquid barrier
parts of the tank system which prevents direct contact of refrigerated liquefied gas (RLG) with other
components of the system but does not have structural capabilities to independently carry liquid load
3.21
load bearing insulation
thermal insulation with special properties capable of transferring loads to the appropriate load bearing
structures
3.22
lodmat
lowest one-day average ambient temperature
Note 1 to entry: The average temperature is half the sum of the maximum and minimum temperature.
3.23
maximum design liquid level
maximum liquid level maintained during operation of the tank system used for the static shell thickness
determination
3.24
maximum liquid capacity (gross capacity)
volume between the design liquid level and the tank bottom
3.25
maximum normal operating level
maximum liquid level maintained during normal operation of the tank system, typically the level at which
the first high level alarm is set
3.26
membrane
part of a membrane containment tank system that, during normal operation, forms a liquid and vapour
tight barrier
3.27
membrane containment tank system
metallic liquid barrier (membrane) together with load bearing thermal insulation and a self-supporting
membrane tank outer container jointly forming an integrated, composite system
Note 1 to entry: See 4.1.5.
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3.28
membrane tank outer container
the part of a membrane containment tank system that carries liquid and pressure loads during normal
operation and may contain liquid in the event of liquid leakage from the membrane
3.29
minimum design temperature
assumed temperature of the product, specified by the purchaser, for which the tank system is designed
Note 1 to entry: This temperature can be lower than the actual product temperature.
3.30
minimum normal operating level
minimum liquid level maintained during normal operation of the tank system to meet the requirements
specified by the purchaser
3.31
moisture barrier
layer to prevent entry of water vapour and other atmospheric gases into the insulation or into the outer
tank
3.32
net capacity
working capacity
liquid volume between the maximum and the minimum normal operating levels
3.33
Operating Basis Earthquake
OBE
maximum earthquake event for which no damage is sustained and restart and safe operation can
continue
3.34
outer tank
self-supporting cylindrical secondary liquid container, purge gas container or warm vapour container
made of steel or concrete
3.35
pressure relief valve
valve designed to open and relieve excess pressure and to reclose and prevent the further flow of fluid
out after normal conditions have been restored
3.36
purge gas container
parts of a tank system that contain only purge gas and are not expected to function after exposure to
product temperature
3.37
purchaser
company who gives an order to the contractor for the supply a tank system or services
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3.38
primary liquid container
part of a single, double, full containment tank systems that contains the liquid during normal operation
3.39
ringbeam
circular support under the shell of the tank
3.40
risk
measure of the combination (usually the product) of the probability or frequency of occurrence of a
defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence
3.41
rollover
uncontrolled mass movement of stored liquid, correcting an unstable state of stratified liquids of different
densities and resulting in a significant evolution of product vapour
3.42
roof
structure on top of a shell or wall containing the vapour pressure and sealing off the contents from the
atmosphere
3.43
Safe Shutdown Earthquake
SSE
maximum earthquake event for which the essential fail-safe functions and mechanisms are designed to
be preserved
Note 1 to entry: Permanent damage can be accepted, but without the loss of liquid and vapour containment. The
tank system would not remain in operation without a detailed examination and structural assessment.
3.44
secondary liquid container
part a single, double and full containment tank systems that contains the liquid in the event of leakage
from the primary liquid container
3.45
self-supporting tank
container designed to independently carry the liquid and the vapour pressure loads as well as the
external loads, where applicable
3.46
set pressure
pressure at which the pressure relief device first opens
3.47
shell
metallic vertical cylinder
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3.48
single containment tank system
one container to store the liquid product (primary liquid container) formed of a self-supporting, steel,
cylindrical tank
Note 1 to entry: The product vapour is contained by the primary container or by means of a metallic outer tank.
See also 4.1.2.
3.49
suspended roof
structure for supporting the internal insulation of the roof
3.50
tank system
equipment designed for the purpose of storing refrigerated liquefied gas (RLG) consisting of one or more
containers together with all other necessary components within the scope of this document
3.51
pneumatic test pressure
air pressure in the tank system during testing
3.52
Thermal Protection System
TPS
thermally insulating and liquid tight systems to protect the concrete secondary liquid container or the
membrane tank outer container against low temperatures in the event of leakage through primary liquid
container or the membrane respectively
Note 1 to entry: Examples include bottom and bottom corner (see also 7.1.11).
3.53
vacuum relief valve
valve that designed to open and relieve negative pressure (vacuum) and then reclose to prevent further
flow of fluid in after normal conditions have been restored
3.54
vapour container
part of a single, double, full containment or membrane tank systems that contains the vapour during
normal operation
3.55
warm vapour container
parts of a tank system that contain product vapour, and prevent entry of water vapour and other
atmospheric gases during normal operation but are not expected to function once exposed to refrigerated
product temperature. (This includes roofs over suspended insulation deck and the outer container of a
double wall, open top single containment tank system.)
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4 Concept selection
4.1 Types of tank systems
4.1.1 General
Several different tank system concepts for RLG storage exist. The storage systems are differentiated
based on the ability of each storage system to contain product liquid and/or vapour releases due to both
internal and external hazards. Due to rapid boiling of refrigerated liquids when exposed to ambient
conditions, a liquid release from a tank system to the surrounding ground generates a significant amount
of uncontrolled cold vapours and results in a reduction in surface temperature of the surroundings. As a
result, liquid releases are generally more dangerous than just vapour releases.
Four basic storage tank systems are described below which, due to a number of factors including
materials of construction, configuration, and redundancy vary in their ability to resist hazards and
contain product release.
While each storage system can ensure the safe RLG storage, selection of a storage system most suitable
for the specific site and the project shall be determined via a detailed risk assessment. Subclause 4.2
provides basic requirements for the risk assessment process for the storage system selection.
The tank configurations described in 4.1.2 to 4.1.5 are provided in Figures 1 to 4 as examples only. Other
configurations are acceptable providing that requirements toward the tank concepts described in 4.1.2
to 4.1.5 are satisfied.
4.1.2 Single containment system
A single containment tank system shall consist of only one container to store the liquid product (primary
liquid container). This primary liquid container shall be a self-supporting, steel, cylindrical tank.
The product vapours shall be contained by:
— either the steel dome roof of the container; or
— when the primary liquid container is an open top cup, by a gas-tight metallic outer tank
encompassing the primary liquid container, but being only designed to contain the product vapours
and to hold and protect the thermal insulation.
NOTE 1 Depending on the options taken for vapour containment and t
...
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