SIST EN ISO 19109:2006

Geographic information - Rules for application schema (ISO 19109:2005)

This International Standard defines rules for creating and documenting application schemas, including principles for the definition of features. Its scope includes the following:
- conceptual modelling of features and their properties from a universe of discourse;
- definition of application schemas;
- use of the conceptual schema language for application schemas;
- transition from the concepts in the conceptual model to the data types in the application schema;
- integration of standardized schemas from other ISO geographic information standards with the application schema.
- The following are outside the scope:
- choice of one particular conceptual schema language for application schemas;
- definition of any particular application schema;
- representation of feature types and their properties in a feature catalogue;
- representation of metadata;
- rules for mapping one application schema to another
- implementation of the application schema in a computer environment;
- computer system and application software design;
- programming..

Geoinformation - Regeln zur Erstellung von Anwendungsschemata (ISO 19109:2005)

Information géographique - Regles de schéma d'application (ISO 19109:2005)

Geografske informacije – Pravila za aplikacijsko shemo (ISO 19109:2005)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 08-Nov-2016
• ICS: 07.040 - Astronomy. Geodesy. Geography
• ICS: 35.240.70 - IT applications in science
• Technical Committee: GIG - Geographic information
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Due Date: 24-Apr-2016
• Completion Date: 09-Nov-2016
• Ref Project: EN ISO 19109:2006 - Geographic information - Rules for application schema (ISO 19109:2005)

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 19109:2016 - Geographic information - Rules for application schema (ISO 19109:2015)
• Effective Date: 23-Dec-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
01-september-2006
Geografske informacije – Pravila za aplikacijsko shemo (ISO 19109:2005)
Geographic information - Rules for application schema (ISO 19109:2005)
Geoinformation - Regeln zur Erstellung von Anwendungsschemata (ISO 19109:2005)
Information géographique - Regles de schéma d'application (ISO 19109:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19109:2006
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST EN ISO 19109:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 19109
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2006
ICS 35.240.70

English Version
Geographic information - Rules for application schema (ISO
19109:2005)
Information géographique - Règles de schéma d'application Geoinformation - Regeln zur Erstellung von
(ISO 19109:2005) Anwendungsschemata (ISO 19109:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 June 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19109:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
EN ISO 19109:2006 (E)






Foreword



The text of ISO 19109:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211
"Geographic information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
and has been taken over as EN ISO 19109:2006 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
"Geographic Information", the secretariat of which is held by NEN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2007.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.


Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 19109:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19109:2006 without any
modifications.

2

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19109
First edition
2005-06-15


Geographic information — Rules for
application schema
Information géographique — Règles de schéma d'application




Reference number
ISO 19109:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
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©  ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance. 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Presentation and abbreviations . 4
5.1 Presentation . 4
5.2 Abbreviations . 5
6 Context. 5
6.1 Purpose of an application schema . 5
6.2 Rules for application schema. 5
6.3 Application schema supporting data interchange . 6
7 Principles for defining features. 8
7.1 Features . 8
7.2 Features and the application schema. 9
7.3 The General Feature Model. 10
7.4 Attributes of feature types . 16
7.5 Relationships between feature types . 18
7.6 Behaviour of feature types . 20
7.7 Constraints . 21
8 Rules for application schema. 21
8.1 The application modelling process. 21
8.2 The application schema . 22
8.3 Rules for application schema in UML. 24
8.4 Domain profiles of standard schemas in UML . 27
8.5 Rules for use of metadata schema . 29
8.6 Temporal rules . 33
8.7 Spatial rules. 39
8.8 Cataloguing rules. 49
8.9 Spatial referencing using geographic identifiers. 50
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite. 53
Annex B (normative) The modelling approach and the General Feature Model . 57
Annex C (informative) Application schema in EXPRESS. 61
Annex D (informative) Application schema examples. 63
Bibliography . 71

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19109 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
Introduction
Any description of reality is always an abstraction, always partial, and always just one of many possible
“views”, depending on the application field.
The widespread application of computers and geographic information systems (GIS) has led to an increased
use of geographic data within multiple disciplines. With current technology as an enabler, society’s reliance on
such data is growing. Geographic datasets are increasingly being shared and exchanged. They are also used
for purposes other than those for which they were produced.
To ensure that data will be understood by both computer systems and users, the data structures for data
access and exchange must be fully documented. The interfaces between systems, therefore, need to be
defined with respect to data and operations, using the methods standardized in this International Standard.
For the construction of internal software and data storage within proprietary systems, any method may be
used that enables the standardized interfaces to be supported.
An application schema provides the formal description of the data structure and content required by one or
more applications. An application schema contains the descriptions of both geographic data and other related
data. A fundamental concept of geographic data is the feature.

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006

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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19109:2005(E)

Geographic information — Rules for application schema
1 Scope
This International Standard defines rules for creating and documenting application schemas, including
principles for the definition of features.
The scope of this International Standard includes the following:
 conceptual modelling of features and their properties from a universe of discourse;
 definition of application schemas;
 use of the conceptual schema language for application schemas;
 transition from the concepts in the conceptual model to the data types in the application schema;
 integration of standardized schemas from other ISO geographic information standards with the
application schema.
The following are outside the scope:
 choice of one particular conceptual schema language for application schemas;
 definition of any particular application schema;
 representation of feature types and their properties in a feature catalogue;
 representation of metadata;
 rules for mapping one application schema to another;
 implementation of the application schema in a computer environment;
 computer system and application software design;
 programming.
2 Conformance
Any application schema claiming conformance to this International Standard shall pass all of the requirements
described in the abstract test suites in Annex A.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO/TS 19103:— , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19108:2002, Geographic information — Temporal schema
ISO 19112:2003, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
ISO 19113:2002, Geographic information — Quality principles
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO/IEC 19501, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Version 1.4.2
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
application
manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements
[ISO 19101]
4.2
application schema
conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications
[ISO 19101]
4.3
complex feature
feature composed of other features
4.4
conceptual model
model that defines concepts of a universe of discourse
[ISO 19101]
4.5
conceptual schema
formal description of a conceptual model
[ISO 19101]

1) To be published.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
4.6
dataset
identifiable collection of data
[ISO 19115]
4.7
domain
well-defined set
[ISO 19107]
NOTE Well-defined means that the definition is both necessary and sufficient, as everything that satisfies the
definition is in the set and everything that does not satisfy the definition is necessarily outside the set.
4.8
feature
abstraction of real-world phenomena
NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one
is meant.
[ISO 19101]
4.9
feature association
relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type
[ISO 19110]
4.10
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature
NOTE 1 A feature attribute may occur as a type or an instance. Feature attribute type or feature attribute instance is
used when only one is meant.
NOTE 2 A feature attribute type has a name, a data type and a domain associated to it. A feature attribute instance has
an attribute value taken from the domain of the feature attribute type.
[adapted from ISO 19101]
4.11
feature operation
operation that every instance of a feature type may perform
EXAMPLE 1 A feature operation upon the feature type “dam” is to raise the dam. The results of this operation are to
raise the height of the “dam” and the level of water in a “reservoir”.
EXAMPLE 2 A feature operation by the feature type “dam” might be to block vessels from navigating along a
watercourse.
[adapted from ISO 19110]
4.12
geographic data
data with implicit or explicit reference to a location relative to the earth
NOTE Geographic information is also used as a term for information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly
associated with a location relative to the earth.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
4.13
metadata
data about data
[ISO 19115]
4.14
model
abstraction of some aspects of reality
4.15
portrayal
presentation of information to humans
[ISO 19117]
4.16
quality
totality of characteristics of a product that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs
[ISO 19101]
4.17
universe of discourse
view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest
[ISO 19101]
5 Presentation and abbreviations
5.1 Presentation
This International Standard describes how to create an application schema that integrates conceptual
schemas defined in the ISO 19100 series of International Standards for geographic information. In addition to
stating the rules for creating application schemas, this International Standard provides guidance through
examples. This International Standard adopts the following conventions for presentation purposes:
a) Rules:
All rules are normative, and are described as follows.
Rules:
1)
2)
b) Tables:
Tables that are not referenced from the rules are informative.
c) Conceptual schemas:
Conceptual schemas in the normative part of this International Standard are presented in the Unified
Modelling Language (UML) in conformance with ISO/TS 19103. UML diagrams are presented in compliance
with ISO/IEC 19501.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
5.2 Abbreviations
CSL Conceptual schema language
GFM General feature model
OCL Object constraint language
UML Unified modelling language
6 Context
6.1 Purpose of an application schema
An application schema is a conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications. An application
schema defines
 content and structure of data; and
 specifications of operations for manipulating and processing data by an application.
The purpose of an application schema is twofold:
 to provide a computer-readable data description defining the data structure, which makes it possible to
apply automated mechanisms for data management; and
 to achieve a common and correct understanding of the data, by documenting the data content of the
particular application field, thereby making it possible to unambiguously retrieve information from the data.
6.2 Rules for application schema
This International Standard does not standardize application schemas; it only defines rules for creating
application schemas in a consistent manner (including the consistent definition of features) to facilitate the
acquiring, processing, analysing, accessing, presenting and transferring of geographic data between different
users, systems and locations. The rules in this International Standard are, in the case of data transfer or
interchange, used by suppliers and users of geographic data to
 build a transfer application schema for data interchange;
 interpret the semantics of the transferred dataset with respect to user's local data and content and
structure of data; and
 determine the necessary transformations between the two datasets.
The rules in this International Standard will assist the users of applications with similar data requirements in
creating a common application schema for the interface between their systems and data. This includes an
agreement about the elements from the universe of discourse. This is described in more detail in 6.3.
The mapping from one application schema to another application schema may be difficult and even
impossible if the two schemas are too divergent. The mapping is facilitated if the application schema used
within a system is designed considering also the requirements for the data interchange. The rules can also be
used for building an application schema used within a system, although such application schemas are not
within the scope of this International Standard.
The creation of an application schema is a process. The content of an application schema has to be settled
according to the view of reality in the universe of discourse. This is modelled in terms of types of features and
their properties. Clause 7 contains principles for consistently defining features.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)
The application schema defines the structure and content of data. It is expressed in a conceptual schema
language (CSL). Clause 7 also includes a model expressed in UML that defines the concepts required to
describe types of features. Feature type definition may be documented in feature catalogues. Such definitions
may be used in an applications schema. Other standards in the ISO 19100 series define reusable modules of
conceptual schemas that may be integrated in an application schema. Clause 8 gives the main rules for
integrating these predefined modules into a conceptual schema in UML.
NOTE ISO 19118 defines how a dataset defined by an application schema in UML is encoded.
6.3 Application schema supporting data interchange
6.3.1 Introduction
Data interchange between information systems may take place in two ways.
 In the traditional data transfer model, the data supplier creates a dataset that is transferred to the user.
The structure and the content of data are described in the application schema for the dataset. The
dataset is sent in a transfer format.
 In the interoperability model, the user application communicates with the supplier application through a
common communication protocol. In this scenario, the user invokes services that result in data being
passed from the service provider to the user application. The application schema describes not only the
structure and content of the exchanged data, but also the structure of the interfaces involved in the
transaction.
There is a fundamental distinction between a data transfer and a data transaction. In data transfer, a data set
is predefined in an application schema. The spatial extent and the rules for inclusion of feature instances are
also predefined. The user requests and receives a copy of the dataset (or may receive it automatically through
a long-term agreement for distribution of datasets). In a data transaction, a requester first specifies selection
criteria, such as spatial extent and feature instance inclusion rules for the data from the producer’s data store.
Data meeting the selection criteria are then retrieved from the data store and provided to the user.
NOTE Conformance to the rules in this International Standard does not guarantee that data conforming to any given
application schema can be transformed in a meaningful way to conform to any other application schema. At best, it allows
the user to determine which elements are common to the two schemas and which could be transformed from one schema
to another, as well as those that cannot be transformed. Complete interoperability can only occur when user and supplier
have identical application schemas.
6.3.2 Data interchange by transfer
Figure 1 shows the traditional data transfer model for data suppliers and data users. The structure and content
of the data provided by the supplier and received by the user are described in application schemas. To be
able to transfer data, three conditions must be fulfilled.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)

Figure 1 — Data interchange by transfer
First, the user and the supplier must agree on creating an application schema for the data being exchanged in
accordance with this International Standard. In order to facilitate the transfer of data, this application schema
shall be developed using the application schemas from the user and the supplier. One mapping will be made
from the supplier’s application schema to this application schema for the exchanged data, and a second
mapping will be made from this application schema to the application schema of the user.
Second, the supplier must be able to transform the application data defined according to the supplier
application schema into a transfer dataset defined according to the application schema for the exchanged
data.
Third, the user must be able to transform the transfer dataset defined according to its application schema to
the application data defined according to the user’s application schema.
6.3.3 Data interchange by transactions
Figure 2 shows data interchange through transactions described in the interoperability model. The user
application makes a request for data that is received by the supplier application. In response, the supplier
application delivers a resulting dataset. Both the request and the resulting dataset are defined according to a
common application schema. The supplier application is responsible for transforming the data in system A into
the data in the exchanged dataset. After receipt, the user application is responsible for transforming the
exchanged data into data in system B. Data interchange by transaction is provided by geospatial services as
defined in ISO 19119. In particular, feature access services are defined in Geographic model/information
management services.
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SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
ISO 19109:2005(E)

NOTE The unbroken lines show the flow of data. Broken lines denote the role of the application schema on the data
interchange.
Figure 2 — Data interchange by transactions
7 Principles for defining features
7.1 Features
A fundamental unit of geographic information is called a feature. ISO 19110 provides a standard framework
for organizing and reporting the classification of features. It also gives a broader discussion on different
aspects of geographic features.
This International Standard gives rules for creating application schemas, including the principles for the
definition of features. The term feature is used in different contexts defined according to the four-layer
architecture. Annex B describes the use of the term feature in the four-layer architecture.
This International Standard distinguishes four aspects of defining features: the definitions or description used
to group them into types, the attributes associated with each type, the relationships among the types and the
behaviour of the features.
EXAMPLE “Tower Bridge” is the abstraction of a certain real-world bridge in London. The term “bridge” is the
abstraction of the collection of all real-world phenomena that is classified into the concept behind the term “bridge”. Lat
...