SIST EN 14225-1:2005
(Main)Diving suits - Part 1: Wet suits - Requirements and test methods
Diving suits - Part 1: Wet suits - Requirements and test methods
This document specifies the construction and performance requirements (including thermal) of wet suits for wear by divers for underwater activities where the user is breathing underwater. Marking, labelling, information to be provided at the point of sale, and instructions for use are also specified.
Laboratory and practical performance tests are specified.
Short sleeve jackets, short-leg trousers, under and over-garments, and separate accessories such as gloves, hoods and boots are not within the scope of this document.
Tauchanzüge - Teil 1: Nasstauchanzüge - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt die Konstruktion und die Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit (einschließlich der thermi-
schen Leistung) von Nasstauchanzügen fest, die von Tauchern bei Tätigkeiten unter Wasser zu tragen sind, bei
denen der Benutzer unter Wasser atmet. Kennzeichnung, Etikettierung, mitzuliefernde Informationen beim Verkauf
und eine Gebrauchsanweisung werden auch festgelegt.
Es werden Laborprüfungen und praktische Leistungsprüfungen festgelegt.
Kurzarmjacken, kurze Hosen, Unter- und Überziehkleidung sowie separate Zubehörteile wie Handschuhe, Hauben
und Stiefel sind nicht Bestandteil dieses Dokuments.
Vetements de plongée - Combinaisons isothermes - Partie 1: Exigences et méthodes d'essai
Potapljaške obleke – 1. del: Mokre obleke – Zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Diving suits - Part 1: Wet suits - Requirements and test methodsPotapljaške obleke – 1. del: Mokre obleke – Zahteve in preskusne metodeVetements de plongée - Combinaisons isothermes - Partie 1:
Exigences et méthodes d'essaiTauchanzüge - Teil 1: Nasstauchanzüge - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren97.220.40Oprema za športe na prostem in vodne športeOutdoor and water sports equipmentICS:SIST EN 14225-1:2005enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14225-1:200501-julij-2005SIST EN 14225-1:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14225-1March 2005ICS 97.220.40English versionDiving suits - Part 1: Wet suits - Requirements and test methodsVêtements de plongée - Partie 1: Combinaisonsisothermes - Exigences et méthodes d'essaiTauchanzüge - Teil 1: Nasstauchanzüge - Anforderungenund PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 February 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14225-1:2005: E
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Requirements.6 4.1 Mechanical performance.6 4.2 Limitation of water flow into and out of the suit.7 4.3 Thermal performance of suit materials.7 4.4 Sizing.8 4.5 Practical performance.8 5 Test methods.8 5.1 General.8 5.2 Test sequence.9 5.3 Visual Inspection.10 5.4 Mechanical test methods.11 5.5 Practical performance test.12 6 Marking.15 7 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer.16 7.1 Information to be supplied with the suit.16 7.2 Customer information for supply at the point of sale.16 7.3 Instructions for use.16 Annex A (normative)
Method for determination immersed thermal resistance of diving suit material.18 A.1 Principle.18 A.2 Theory.18 A.3 Use of the measurements.19 A.4 Test procedure.19 Annex B (normative)
Ratings of practical performance.22 B.1 Practical Performance: Scale and Questionnaire.22 Annex C (informative)
Guidance on selection and use of a wet suit, to be provided by the manufacturer.23 C.1 Wet suit function.23 C.2 Wet suit type.23 C.3 Wet suit fit.23 C.4 Warning.23 C.5 Wet suit thermal insulating material.24 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC.25 Bibliography.26
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14225-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 162 “Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This standard for wet suits is Part 1 of 4. The other parts are: Diving Suits – Part 2: Dry suits − Requirements and test methods. Diving Suits – Part 3: Actively heated or cooled suits (systems) − Requirements and test methods. Diving Suits – Part 4: One atmosphere suits (ADS) − Human factors requirements and test methods. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 4 Introduction This document for wet diving suits has been prepared to meet the needs of persons engaged in underwater activities where the user is breathing underwater, and where water temperature and exposure duration are such that the person's thermal requirement can be met using a wet suit. A wet suit may be comprised of one or more pieces. The conformity of a wet suit to this document does not imply that it is suitable for all circumstances nor does the document make detailed provision for all special uses for which wet suits may be utilised. The thermal protection provided by a wet suit may be affected by a number of factors including the following: water temperature; diver’s morphology (body surface area and shape, amount of body fat, sex); diver’s physiology; diver’s rate of work and working conditions; thermal properties of the material of the wet suit. Most of these factors are individual and significantly change from diver to diver and from dive to dive.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies the construction and performance requirements (including thermal) of wet suits for wear by divers for underwater activities where the user is breathing underwater. Marking, labelling, information to be provided at the point of sale, and instructions for use are also specified. Laboratory and practical performance tests are specified. Short sleeve jackets, short-leg trousers, under and over-garments, and separate accessories such as gloves, hoods and boots are not within the scope of this document. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 250, Respiratory equipment — Open-circuit self-contained compressed air diving apparatus — Requirements, testing, marking EN 340, Protective clothing — General requirements EN 1809:1997, Diving accessories — Buoyancy compensators — Functional and safety requirements, test methods EN 23758, Textiles — Care labelling code using symbols (ISO 3758:1991) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 diving suit suit designed for intended underwater activities, in which the user is breathing underwater 3.2 wet suit diving suit, made of thermal insulating material, which covers all or part of the body and that is designed to reduce the flow of the water next to the diver's skin 3.3 thermal insulating material material designed to provide a degree of insulation of the wearer from external temperatures 3.4 thermal resistance temperature difference between the two faces of a textile material or composite divided by the resultant dry heat flux per unit area in the direction of the temperature gradient, expressed in square metre Kelvin per watt (m2⋅K⋅W−1) NOTE The dry heat flux can consist of one or more conductive, convective and radiant components. 3.5 immersed thermal resistance thermal resistance of a textile material or composite when the material is immersed in water and subjected to the effect of hydrostatic compression
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 6 3.6 closure device to close openings provided for the donning and use of a diving suit NOTE Closures include slide fasteners (3.9). 3.7 seam permanent fastening between two or more pieces of material 3.8 seal device that limits or prevents water flow into or out of the suit 3.9 slide fastener closure with a fastening device consisting of two flexible interlocking strips and a slider 3.10 consumer information at the point of sale information, available at the point of sale, to allow the consumer to select the correct wet suit for the activity he or she intends to undertake 3.11 instruction for use information to enable trained and qualified persons to select, wear, and use the suit in a safe manner 4 Requirements 4.1 Mechanical performance 4.1.1 Resistance to high and low temperature A suit, samples of each suit material and of each suit material combination shall be subjected to a high temperature resistance test followed by a low temperature resistance test (5.4.1.1) under the conditions specified in EN 1809:1997, 5.2.2 and 5.2.3, respectively. The suit shall then be inspected in accordance with 5.3. There shall be no visible evidence of tears or damaged seams, or of cracks or distortion in the surface of the suit material. 4.1.2 Sea water resistance The suit, samples of each suit material and of each suit material combination shall be subjected to the seawater exposure test in accordance with 5.4.1.2. After each cycle the samples shall be visually inspected in accordance with 5.3. There shall be no visible signs of damage.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 7
4.1.3 Resistance to cleaning, disinfection and decontamination The suit, complete with all attachments and samples of suit materials and each suit material combination, shall be subjected to cleaning, disinfection and, where applicable, to decontamination, in accordance with 5.4.1.3 and shall then be visually inspected in accordance with 5.3. There shall be no visible signs of damage or degradation. 4.1.4 Resistance to repeated pressurization in water When tested in accordance with 5.4.2, the thermal insulating material used in the construction of the suit shall not loose more than 5 % of its original thickness. 4.1.5 Tensile strength of material When samples of thermal insulating material that have been subjected to testing in accordance with 5.4.2 are tested in accordance with 5.4.4 the material shall withstand a tensile load of 150 N for 10 s without breaking. 4.1.6 Resistance to permanent deformation After the testing for tensile strength (5.4.4), the permanent elongation of the suit material, when measured in accordance with 5.4.7, shall be less than 5 % of the original length. 4.1.7 Strength of suit seams When tested in accordance with 5.4.5, each type of seam used to manufacture the suit shall withstand a tensile load of 100 N for 10 s without breaking. 4.1.8 Strength of closures When tested in accordance with 5.4.6, each type of closure (including touch and close fasteners and slide fasteners) shall withstand a tensile load of 100 N for 10 s without opening. 4.2 Limitation of water flow into and out of the suit 4.2.1 Seams All seams between thermal insulating material components of the suit shall be provided with means (e.g. glue, weld, tape) to prevent free flow of water through the seam when tested in accordance with 5.3 and 5.4.5. 4.2.2 Closures All closures, including touch and close fasteners and slide fasteners shall be provided with means of reducing the free flow of water through the closure, for example a flap that can be secured over the closure when tested in accordance with 5.3. 4.3 Thermal performance of suit materials The thermal insulating material used for the construction (see 4.1.4) of the suit shall be of one of the thermal performance classes specified in Table 1 when tested in accordance with 5.4.3.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 8 Table 1 — Thermal performance classes of materials based on their immersed thermal
resistance at 1 bar and 6 bar Thermal performance class Immersed thermal resistance at surface m2⋅ K⋅ W−1 Immersed thermal resistance at 6 bar m2⋅ K⋅ W−1 A ≥ 0,15 ≥ 0,03 B 0,10 − 0,149 ≥ 0,02 C 0,07 − 0,099 ≥ 0,01 D 0,05 − 0,069 ≥ 0,01 If materials with a different immersed thermal resistance are used for wrist, ankle and neck openings their surface shall not be larger than 20 % of the total of the suit surface. This will be allowed only as a seal or for comfort purpose. 4.4 Sizing The manufacturer shall use the sizing system specified in EN 340 or another sizing system. If the manufacturer uses a sizing system other than that specified in EN 340, the manufacturer shall state at least two body dimensions including at least the height and chest girth of the intended user. When the suit is donned by a test diver in accordance with 5.5.6.2 the size of the suit shall correspond to the size marked on it by the manufacturer. 4.5 Practical performance When tested in accordance with 5.5.6.2 it shall be possible for the suit to be donned and doffed with the assistance of no more than one person. When wet suits are subjected to practical performance tests in accordance with 5.5 the test divers shall be able to carry out all the procedures listed in 5.5.6.2 and 5.5.6.3 and not report a practical performance score of 5 or more (given in Annex B) for more than 3 of the separate test procedures and no score higher than 8 for any procedure. When tested in accordance with 5.5.6.2 the satisfactory surface condition of the suit in contact with the user shall be confirmed by showing no excessive irritation, abrasions or other skin injuries.
5 Test methods 5.1 General Samples of the material used in the manufacture of the wet suit, where applicable assembled in the same way as in the suit (e.g. in the case of seams), and at least three wet suits, including one of each size if applicable, shall be submitted for visual inspection (see 5.3) and testing. One suit shall undergo laboratory tests in accordance with 5.4.1.1, 5.4.1.2 and 5.4.1.3, the samples of material shall undergo laboratory tests in accordance with 5.4 and all three suits shall undergo practical performance tests under realistic conditions in accordance with 5.5.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 9 5.2 Test sequence The tests shall be conducted in the following order as given in Figure 1: a) Tests on samples of material: resistance to high and low temperature (5.4.1.1, EN 1809:1997, 5.2.2 and 5.2.3); sea water resistance (5.4.1.2); resistance to cleaning and disinfection (5.4.1.3); test for resistance to repeated pressurization in water (5.4.2); immersed thermal resistance (5.4.3); tensile strength of thermal insulating material (5.4.4); tensile strength of seams (5.4.5); tensile strength of closures (5.4.6); resistance to permanent deformation of thermal insulating material (5.4.7). b) Tests on suits: resistance to high and low temperature (5.4.1.1, EN 1809: 1997, 5.2.2 and 5.2.3); sea water resistance (5.4.1.2); resistance to cleaning and disinfection (5.4.1.3); practical performance tests (5.5).
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 10 3 suitsResistance to high and low temperature (5.4.1.1)Sea water resistance (5.4.1.2)Resistance to cleaning and disinfection (5.4.1.3)Test for resistance to repeated pressurization in water (5.4.2)Immersed thermal resistance (5.4.3)Tensile strength of thermal insulating material (5.4.4)Tensile strength of seams (5.4.5)Tensile strength of closures (5.4.6)Resistance to permanent deformation of thermal insulating material (5.4.7)Practical performance tests (5.5)Samples1 suit2 suitsTest dive (5.5.6.2)Depth test (5.5.6.3) Figure 1 — Test sequence 5.3 Visual Inspection Visual inspection of material samples and of each suit shall be carried out with normal or corrected vision, without magnification, prior to and after the laboratory and the practical performance tests, as applicable. This may entail a certain amount of dismantling in accordance with the information supplied by the manufacturer for maintenance. The visual inspection shall check whether the suit has been produced in accordance with the manufacturer’s technical file and shall include an inspection of the marking and the Information supplied by the manufacturer.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 11 5.4 Mechanical test methods 5.4.1 Preliminary tests 5.4.1.1 Resistance to high and low temperature Subject samples of each suit material and of each suit material combination to a high temperature resistance test followed by a low temperature resistance test under the conditions specified in EN 1809. 5.4.1.2 Sea water resistance Submerge all samples in artificial sea water conforming to EN 1809:1997, Annex A, at a temperature of between 15 °C and 25 °C for 8 h ± 5 min. Without cleaning the samples in fresh water, the samples shall stay in air for 16 h ± 30 min at 15 °C to 25 °C, and a relative humidity of not more than 75 %. Apply four cycles. Visually inspect the samples in accordance with 5.3 after each cycle. 5.4.1.3 Cleaning disinfection and decontamination Subject all samples and one suit to cleaning, disinfection and, if applicable, decontamination using the procedures recommended by the manufacturer. The concentrations and exposure times indicated in the instructions for use shall be doubled. Perform the test 10 times. If no other temperatures are indicated in the instructions for use the temperature of the cleaning and disinfectant solutions shall be (25 ± 2) °C. Visually inspect the samples and the suit in accordance with 5.3. 5.4.2 Test for resistance to repeated pressurization in water Prior to carrying out tests in accordance with 5.4.4, 5.4.5, 5.4.6 and 5.4.7, the six samples of thermal insulating material to be used for each of the tests shall be subjected to 10 continuous cycles of pressurization to 6 bar absolute in water at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C, in a pressure chamber. Each pressure cycle shall consist of the following stages: Increase the pressure to 6 bar over a period of 3 min. Maintain the pressure at 6 bar for 10 min. Release the pressure over a period of 5 min. Measure the thickness of each sample at the centre prior to and again after the immersion and pressurization allowing the sample to dry at ambient temperature for (24 ± 1) h following completion of the test. 5.4.3 Immersed thermal resistance of thermal insulating material The immersed thermal resistance of each of the thermal insulating materials used in the manufacture of the suit shall be measured in fresh water using the method given in Annex A. Measurements shall be carried out on three samples of each material. Each sample shall be in the form of a cylindrical sleeve 210 mm high and 150 mm diameter, to give a surface area exposed to the heat flow of
0,1 m2. The tank in which the apparatus is immersed shall be at a uniform temperature between 10 °C and 15 °C and the difference between the water temperature within the apparatus and the external water temperature shall be between 25 °C and 30 °C. Each sample shall be tested at pressures of 1 bar absolute and 6 bar absolute.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 12 5.4.4 Tensile strength of thermal insulating material If applicable for each type of thermal insulating material used in the manufacture of the suit, six samples of material shall be tested, three of them in the warp direction and another three in weft direction. Each sample shall be 250 mm wide, and shall be of sufficient length to allow for two grabbing points, one vertically above the other, 100 mm apart. The grabbing points shall be in the centre of the sample width. The grabbing point of the jaws shall be 50 mm and the samples shall be held in a tensile testing machine at a force of 150 N applied between the grabbing points for 10 s. The material samples shall be tested for water penetration. A simple check for continued UV protection for this type of clothing is to hold the garment up to the light of 100W Tungsten bulb at arms length (approximately
1 m from you); if you can see light through the fabric, water will penetrate too). If material with different thermal resistance is used for wrist, ankle and neck openings the test shall be performed using six samples for each type of the thermal insulating material. 5.4.5 Tensile strength of seams For each type of seam used in the manufacture of the suit five samples of material including the seam shall be tested. Each sample shall be 250 mm wide with the seam running horizontally across it, and shall be of sufficient length to allow for two grabbing points, one above and one below the seam, 100 mm apart and equidistant from the seam. The grabbing points shall be in the centre of the sample width. The grabbing point of the jaws shall be 50 mm and the samples shall be held in a tensile testing machine at a force of 100 N applied between the grabbing points, at right angles to the seam, for 10 s. The seams shall be tested for water penetration. A simple check for continued UV protection for this type of clothing is to hold the garment up to the light of 100W Tungsten bulb at arms length (approximately 1 m from you); if you can see light through the fabric, water will penetrate too). 5.4.6 Tensile strength of closures For each type of closure used in the manufacture of the suit five samples of material including the closure shall be tested. Each sample shall be 250 mm wide with the closure running horizontally across it, and shall be of sufficient length to allow for two grabbing points, one above and one below the closure, 100 mm apart and equidistant from the closure. The grabbing points shall be in the centre of the sample width. The grabbing point of the jaws shall be 50 mm and the samples shall be held in a tensile testing machine at a force of 100 N applied between the grabbing points, at right angles to the closure, for 10 s. Visually inspect the samples in accordance with 5.3. 5.4.7 Resistance to permanent deformation of thermal insulating material On each of the samples subjected to the tensile strength test in accordance with 5.4.4 the distance between the two grabbing points shall be measured prior to the test and again 1 h after completion of the test. 5.5 Practical performance test 5.5.1 Sampling At least 3 suits shall be tested, including different sizes as stated by the manufacturer, if applicable. 5.5.2 Test panel The test shall be conducted in front of a test panel of not less than two people, experienced in the use and assessment of wet suits.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 13 5.5.3 Test divers The suit shall be tested by at least three test divers who are not members of the test panel, who are at least 18 years old, practising regularly with wet suits. They shall be medically examined and certified fit to undertake the test procedure. They shall be informed and instructed on the objectives of the tests. Test divers who test suits designed for women shall be female. Each test diver shall wear a suit of a size suitable for his or her build. At least one of the test divers (subject to age constraints) shall have a body size within the lowest category of the manufacturer's stated size range, preferably at the lower end of the range. One test diver shall have a body size in the highest category of the manufacturer’s size range, preferably at the top end of the range. (See example in Table 2.) Table 2 — Example of test diver requirements for a manufacturer's stated suit size range Manufacturer's stated suit size range Test diver requirements Height
cm Chest girth
cm Height
cm Chest girth
cm 170 to 182 88 to 96 170 to 174 88 to 92 182 to 194 96 to 104 190 to 194 100 to 104 194 to 200 104 to 112 194 to 200 104 to 112
NOTE Attention is drawn to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki:1964 (as amended) regarding tests on human subjects and to national legislation governing diving. 5.5.4 Test clothing If necessary the test diver may also wear boots. 5.5.5 Diving equipment Breathing apparatus in accordance with EN 250 and with cylinder of at least 10 l water capacity and a working pressure of 200 bar Buoyancy compensator (BC) in accordance with EN 1809 Face piece (including communication when required) EN 250 Fins Weights Knife Lifeline to surface (if required) 5.5.6 Test procedure 5.5.6.1 General Each test diver shall read the information at the point of sale, the instructions for use and the marking on the suit. Each test diver shall perform two dives in an area where the water temperature is as specified for the suit by the manufacturer, and shall undertake tests in accordance with 5.5.6.2 and 5.5.6.3.
EN 14225-1:2005 (E) 14 5.5.6.2 Test dive Each test diver shall carry out the following procedure: a) donning a suit (assistance by one person is allowed) according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. The test panel shall decide whether or not the information given by the manufacturer concerning sizing is correct; b) donning a hood if a hood is not permanently attached to the suit; c) walking at least 25 m (on a wet surface and uneven ground); d) donning the breathing apparatus and the BC (assistance is allowed); e) donning the fin
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