oSIST prEN IEC 63461:2023
(Main)Pelton hydraulic turbines - Model acceptance tests
Pelton hydraulic turbines - Model acceptance tests
Turbines hydrauliques Pelton - Essais de réception sur modèle
Peltonove vodne turbine - Prevzemni preskusi modela
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 63461:2023
01-julij-2023
Peltonove vodne turbine - Prevzemni preskusi modela
Pelton hydraulic turbines - Model acceptance tests
Turbines hydrauliques Pelton - Essais de réception sur modèle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 63461:2023
ICS:
27.140 Vodna energija Hydraulic energy engineering
oSIST prEN IEC 63461:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 63461:2023
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oSIST prEN IEC 63461:2023
4/460/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 63461 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2023-05-05 2023-07-28
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
4/442/CD, 4/449A/CC
IEC TC 4 : HYDRAULIC TURBINES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Canada Mrs Christine Geraghty
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
TC 2,TC 114
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of
• any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation,
• any relevant “in some countries” clauses to be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are
reminded that the enquiry stage is the final stage for submitting "in some countries" clauses. See
AC/22/2007.
TITLE:
Pelton hydraulic turbines - Model acceptance tests
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Copyright © 2023 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to
download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National
Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for
any other purpose without permission in writing from IEC.
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oSIST prEN IEC 63461:2023
IEC CDV 63461/Ed1 © IEC 2023 – 2 – 4/460/CDV
1 CONTENTS
2 CONTENTS . 1
3 FOREWORD . 9
4 1 Scope . 11
5 2 Normative references . 12
6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 13
7 3.1 General . 13
8 3.2 General terminology . 13
9 3.3 Units . 14
10 3.4 Definition of terms, symbols and units . 15
11 3.4.1 List of terms and definitions by topic . 15
12 3.4.2 Subscripts and symbols . 16
13 3.4.3 Geometric terms . 18
14 3.4.4 Physical quantities and properties . 19
15 3.4.5 Discharge, velocity and speed terms . 20
16 3.4.6 Pressure terms . 21
17 3.4.7 Specific energy terms . 21
18 3.4.8 Height and head terms . 22
19 3.4.9 Power and torque terms . 23
20 3.4.10 Efficiency terms . 25
21 3.4.11 General terms relating to fluctuating quantities . 26
a)
22 3.4.12 Fluid dynamics and scaling terms . 28
23 3.4.13 Dimensionless terms . 29
24 3.4.14 Terms relating to additional performance data . 29
25 3.5 Physical properties . 30
26 3.5.1 General . 30
27 3.5.2 Acceleration due to gravity . 30
28 3.5.3 Physical properties of water . 31
29 3.5.4 Physical conditions of atmosphere . 35
30 3.5.5 Density of mercury . 35
31 4 Requirements of tests . 36
32 4.1 Requirement of test installation and model . 36
33 4.1.1 Choice of laboratory . 36
34 4.1.2 Test installation . 36
35 4.1.3 Model requirements . 37
36 4.2 Dimensional check of model and prototype . 40
37 4.2.1 General . 40
38 4.2.2 Explanation of terms used for model and prototype. 40
39 4.2.3 Purpose of dimensional checks. 40
40 4.2.4 General rules . 41
41 4.2.5 Procedure . 41
42 4.2.6 Methods . 42
43 4.2.7 Accuracy of measurements . 46
44 4.2.8 Dimensions of model and prototype to be checked . 46
45 4.2.9 Permissible maximum deviations in geometrical similarity between
46 prototype and model . 48
47 4.2.10 Surface waviness and roughness . 50
48 4.3 Test procedures . 53
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49 4.3.1 Organization of tests. 53
50 4.3.2 Inspections and calibrations . 55
51 4.3.3 Execution of tests . 57
52 4.3.4 Faults and repetition of tests . 60
53 4.3.5 Preliminary test report . 61
54 4.3.6 Final test report . 61
55 5 Data acquisition . 63
56 5.1 Data acquisition and data processing . 63
57 5.1.1 Introduction . 63
58 5.1.2 General requirements . 63
59 5.1.3 Data acquisition . 63
60 5.1.4 Component requirements . 65
61 5.1.5 Check of the data acquisition system . 68
62 5.2 Fluctuating quantities . 70
63 5.2.1 Data acquisition and processing for measurement of fluctuating
64 quantities . 70
65 5.3 Error analysis . 74
66 5.3.1 Definitions . 74
67 5.3.2 Determination of uncertainties in model tests . 76
68 6 Methods of measurement . 82
69 6.1 Discharge measurement . 82
70 6.1.1 General . 82
71 6.1.2 Choice of the method of measurement . 82
72 6.1.3 Accuracy of measurement . 83
73 6.1.4 Primary methods . 84
74 6.1.5 Secondary methods . 85
75 6.2 Pressure measurement . 87
76 6.2.1 General . 87
77 6.2.2 Choice of pressure-measuring section . 88
78 6.2.3 Pressure taps and connecting lines . 88
79 6.2.4 Apparatus for pressure measurement . 90
80 6.2.5 Calibration of pressure measurement apparatus . 97
81 6.2.6 Vacuum measurements . 98
82 6.2.7 Uncertainty in pressure measurements . 98
83 6.3 Free water level measurement (see also ISO 4373) . 98
84 6.3.1 General . 98
85 6.3.2 Choice of water level measuring sections . 98
86 6.3.3 Number of measuring points in a measuring section . 99
87 6.3.4 Measuring methods . 99
88 6.3.5 Uncertainty in free water level measurement . 100
89 6.4 Shaft torque measurement . 101
90 6.4.1 General . 101
91 6.4.2 Methods of torque measurement . 101
92 6.4.3 Methods of absorbing/generating power . 102
93 6.4.4 Layout of arrangement . 102
94 6.4.5 Checking of system . 106
95 6.4.6 Calibration . 107
96 6.4.7 Uncertainty in torque measurement (at a confidence level of 95 %) . 107
97 6.5 Rotational speed measurement . 109
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98 6.5.1 General . 109
99 6.5.2 Methods of speed measurement . 109
100 6.5.3 Checking . 109
101 6.5.4 Uncertainty of measurement . 109
102 7 Test execution and results . 110
103 7.1 General . 110
104 7.2 Determination of E . 110
105 7.2.1 General . 110
106 7.2.2 Determination of the specific hydraulic energy E . 111
107 7.2.3 Simplified formulae for E . 113
108 7.3 Determination of power and efficiency . 115
109 7.3.1 Hydraulic power . 115
110 7.3.2 Mechanical power . 116
111 7.3.3 Hydraulic efficiency . 116
112 7.4 Hydraulic similitude . 117
113 7.4.1 Theoretical basic requirements and similitude numbers . 117
114 7.4.2 Conditions for hydraulic similitude as used in this document . 117
115 7.4.3 Similitude requirements for various types of model tests . 118
116 7.4.4 Reynolds similitude . 118
117 7.4.5 Froude similitude . 118
118 7.4.6 Other similitude conditions . 118
119 7.5 Test conditions . 119
120 7.5.1 Determination of test conditions . 119
121 7.5.2 Minimum values for model size and test conditions to be fulfilled . 119
122 7.5.3 Stability and fluctuations during measurements . 120
123 7.5.4 Adjustment of the operating point . 120
124 7.6 Computation and presentation of test results . 121
125 7.6.1 General . 121
126 7.6.2 Power, discharge and efficiency in the guarantee range . 122
127 7.6.3 Computation of steady-state runaway speed and discharge . 125
128 8 Nature and extent of guarantees related to hydraulic performance . 128
129 8.1 General . 128
130 8.1.1 Design data and coordination . 128
131 8.1.2 Definition of the hydraulic performance guarantees . 128
132 8.1.3 Guarantees of correlated quantities . 128
133 8.1.4 Form of guarantees . 129
134 8.2 Main hydraulic performance guarantees verifiable by model test . 129
135 8.2.1 Guaranteed quantities for any machine . 129
136 8.2.2 Specific Application . 129
137 8.3 Guarantees not verifiable by model test . 130
138 8.3.1 Guarantees on cavitation erosion . 130
139 8.3.2 Guarantees on maximum momentary overspeed and maximum
140 momentary pressure rise . 130
141 8.3.3 Guarantees covering noise and vibration . 130
142 8.3.4 Measurements not covered by this standard . 130
143 8.4 Comparison with guarantees . 130
144 8.4.1 General . 130
145 8.4.2 Interpolation curve and total uncertainty bandwidth . 130
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146 8.4.3 Power, discharge and/or specific hydraulic energy and efficiency in the
147 guarantee range . 131
148 8.4.4 Prototype mechanical losses . 132
149 8.4.5 Runaway speed and discharge . 132
150 8.4.6 Penalty and premium . 133
151 9 Additional performance data – Methods of measurement and results . 134
152 9.1 Introduction to additional data measurement . 134
153 9.1.1 General . 134
154 9.1.2 Test conditions and test procedures . 134
155 9.1.3 Uncertainty in measurements . 135
156 9.1.4 Model to prototype conversion . 135
157 9.2 Hydraulic loads on control components . 135
158 9.2.1 General . 135
159 9.2.2 Pelton needle force and deflector torque . 137
160 9.3 Influence of tail water level . 140
161 9.4 Testing in an extended operating range . 140
162 9.4.1 General . 140
163 9.4.2 Scope of tests . 140
164 9.4.3 Methods of testing in the extended operating range . 141
165 9.5 Differential pressure measurement in view of prototype index test . 142
166 9.5.1 General . 142
167 9.5.2 Purpose of test . 142
168 9.5.3 Execution of test . 142
169 9.5.4 Analysis of test results . 143
170 9.5.5 Transposition to prototype conditions . 143
171 9.5.6 Uncertainty . 144
172 9.6 Nozzle flow discharge calibration in view of prototype index test . 144
173 Annex A (informative) Dimensionless terms . 145
174 Annex B (normative) Physical properties, data . 146
175 Annex C (informative) Summarized test and calculation procedure . 154
176 C.1 General . 154
177 C.2 Agreements to be reached prior to testing . 154
178 C.3 Model, test facility and instrumentation . 155
179 C.3.1 Model manufacture and dimensional checks . 155
180 C.3.2 Test facility instrumentation and data acquisition system . 155
181 C.4 Tests and calculation of the model values . 155
182 C.4.1 Test types. 155
183 C.4.2 Measurement of the main quantities during the test . 155
184 C.4.3 Uncertainty of the measured quantities . 156
185 C.4.4 Calculation of the quantities related to the main hydraulic performance . 156
186 C.4.5 Calculation of the dimensionless factors or coefficients and of the
187 Thoma number . 156
188 C.5 Calculation of prototype quantities . 156
189 C.6 Plotting of model or prototype results . 157
190 C.7 Comparison with the guarantees . 157
191 C.8 Final protocol . 157
192 C.9 Final test report . 157
193 Annex D (normative) Computation of the prototype runaway characteristics taking into
194 account friction and windage losses of the unit . 158
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195 Annex E (informative) Example of determination of the best smooth curve: method of
196 separate segments . 159
197 E.1 General . 159
198 E.2 Principle of the method . 159
199 E.3 Choice of the minimum width of the intervals . 160
200 E.4 Determination of the intervals . 161
201 Annex F (informative) Examples of analysis of sources of error and uncertainty
202 evaluation . 162
203 F.1 General . 162
204 F.2 Example of analysis of sources of error and of uncertainty evaluation in the
205 measurement of a physical quantity . 162
206 F.2.1 General . 162
207 F.2.2 Errors arising during calibration . 162
208 F.2.3 Errors arising during the tests . 163
209 F.3 Example of calculation of uncertainty due to systematic errors in the
210 determination of the specific hydraulic energy, mechanical runner power and
211 hydraulic efficiency . 164
212 F.3.1 General . 164
213 F.3.2 Discharge . 164
214 F.3.3 Pressure . 164
215 F.3.4 Specific hydraulic energy . 165
216 F.3.5 Power . 166
217 F.3.6 Hydraulic efficiency . 166
218 Annex G (normative) The scale effect on hydraulic efficiency for Pelton turbines . 167
219 G.1 General . 167
220 G.2 Similarity considerations . 167
221 G.3 Transposition formula . 169
222 Annex H (normative) Analysis of random errors for a test at constant operating
223 conditions . 170
224 H.1 General . 170
225 H.2 Standard deviation . 170
226 H.3 Confidence levels . 171
227 H.4 Student's t distribution . 171
228 H.5 Maximum permissible value of uncertainty due to random errors. 172
229 H.6 Example of calculation . 173
230 Annex I (informative) Flux diagram of specific hydraulic energy and power . 174
231 Bibliography .
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