SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
(Main)Paper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)
Paper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)
This part of ISO 1924 specifies a method for measuring the tensile strength, strain at break and tensile energy absorption of paper and board, using a testing machine operating at a constant rate of elongation (20 mm/min). This part of ISO 1924 also specifies equations for calculating the tensile index, the tensile energy absorption index and the modulus of elasticity. Testing in conformance with this part of ISO 1924 always includes the measurement of tensile strength. Measurement or calculation of other properties is subject to agreement between the parties concerned. This part of ISO 1924 is applicable to all papers and boards, including papers with a high strain at break if the results are within the capacity of the testing machine. It also applies to the components of corrugated board but not, however, to corrugated board itself. This part of ISO 1924 is not applicable to tissue paper and tissue products for which ISO 12625-4[2] is applicable. For the determination of tensile properties of laboratory sheets, ISO 5270[3] is recommended.
Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung von Eigenschaften bei Zugbeanspruchung - Teil 2: Verfahren mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)
Dieser Teil der ISO 1924 legt ein Verfahren fest, mit dem die breitenbezogene Bruchkraft und die Bruchdehnung sowie das Arbeitsaufnahmevermögen bei Zugbeanspruchung von Papier und Pappe gemessen werden. Dabei wird ein Prüfgerät verwendet, das mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit arbeitet (20 mm/min). Weiterhin werden Gleichungen beschrieben, mit denen der Bruchkraftindex, der Arbeitsaufnahmevermögen-Index und der Elastizitätsmodul berechnet werden können.
Prüfungen mit Bezug auf diesen Teil der ISO 1924 schließen immer die Bestimmung der breitenbezogenen Bruchkraft mit ein. Die Messung und Berechnung anderer Eigenschaften muss stets zwischen den betroffenen Parteien vereinbart werden.
Dieser Teil von ISO 1924 ist anwendbar auf alle Papiere und Pappen, eingeschlossen Papiere mit hoher Bruchdehnung, falls der Bereich durch das Prüfgerät abgedeckt ist. Er ist auch auf einzelne Komponenten von Wellpappe anwendbar, jedoch nicht auf die Wellpappe selbst.
Dieser Teil der ISO 1924 ist nicht auf Tissue-Papier und Tissue-Produkte anwendbar. Hierfür gilt ISO 12625 4 [2].
Für die Bestimmung von Eigenschaften bei Zugbeanspruchung an Laborblättern wird ISO 5270 [3] empfohlen.
Papier et carton - Détermination des propriétés de traction - Partie 2: Méthode à gradient d'allongement constant (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)
L'ISO 1924-2:2008 spécifie une méthode de mesurage de la résistance à la rupture par traction, de la déformation à la rupture et de l'énergie absorbée à la rupture par traction des papiers et cartons, à l'aide d'un appareil d'essai à gradient d'allongement constant (20 mm/min). L'ISO 1924-2:2008 spécifie également des équations pour le calcul de l'indice de rupture par traction, de l'indice d'énergie absorbée à la rupture par traction et du module d'élasticité.
Les essais réalisés conformément à l'ISO 1924-2:2008 comprennent toujours le mesurage de la résistance à la rupture par traction. Le mesurage ou le calcul d'autres propriétés est soumis à accord entre les parties intéressées.
L'ISO 1924-2:2008 est applicable à tous les papiers et cartons, y compris aux papiers à forte déformation à la rupture, si les résultats s'inscrivent dans les limites de la capacité de l'appareil d'essai. Elle s'applique également aux composants du carton ondulé mais cependant, pas au carton ondulé lui-même.
Papir, karton in lepenka - Določevanje nateznih lastnosti - 2. del: Metoda z enakomernim naraščanjem raztezka (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung von Eigenschaften bei Zugbeanspruchung - Teil 2: Verfahren mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)Papier et carton - Détermination des propriétés de traction - Partie 2: Méthode à gradient d'allongement constant (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)Paper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)85.060Papir, karton in lepenkaPaper and boardICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 1924-2:2008SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009en,fr,de01-april-2009SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN ISO 1924-2:20001DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 1924-2December 2008ICS 85.060Supersedes EN ISO 1924-2:1995
English VersionPaper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2:Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)Papier et carton - Détermination des propriétés de traction -Partie 2: Méthode à gradient d'allongement constant (20mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung von Eigenschaften beiZugbeanspruchung - Teil 2: Verfahren mit konstanterDehngeschwindigkeit (20 mm/min)
(ISO 1924-2:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 November 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 1924-2:2008: ESIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 1924-2:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 "Paper, board and pulps" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 "Pulp, paper and board", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 1924-2:1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1924-2:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1924-2:2008 without any modification.
SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
Reference numberISO 1924-2:2008(E)© ISO 2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO1924-2Third edition2008-12-15Paper and board — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) Papier et carton — Détermination des propriétés de traction — Partie 2: Méthode à gradient d'allongement constant (20 mm/min)
SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
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SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
ISO 1924-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 Principle.2 5 Apparatus.3 6 Calibration and adjustment of apparatus.4 7 Sampling and preparation of test pieces.4 7.1 Sampling.4 7.2 Conditioning.4 7.3 Preparation of test pieces.5 8 Procedure.5 9 Calculation and report.6 9.1 General.6 9.2 Tensile strength.6 9.3 Tensile index.6 9.4 Strain at break.6 9.5 Tensile energy absorption.7 9.6 Tensile energy absorption index.7 9.7 Modulus of elasticity.7 10 Precision.8 10.1 General.8 10.2 Repeatability.8 10.3 Reproducibility.8 11 Test report.10 Annex A (normative)
Calibration of the tensile testing machine.11 Bibliography.12
SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
ISO 1924-2:2008(E) iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1924-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1924-2:1994), which has been technically revised with respect to terms and definitions (in order to be in line with the terms and definitions used in ISO 1924-3[1]). The numbering of clauses and their contents have been changed to be congruent with ISO 1924-3. ISO 1924 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board — Determination of tensile properties1): ⎯ Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) ⎯ Part 3: Constant rate of elongation method (100 mm/min)
1) ISO 1924-1, Constant rate of loading method, was withdrawn in 2004 as it was considered obsolete. SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
ISO 1924-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v Introduction The method for determination of tensile properties specified in this part of ISO 1924 is the one most commonly used. It is related to the method specified in ISO 1924-3. In this part of ISO 1924 (ISO 1924-2), the constant rate of elongation applied is 20 mm/min, whereas in ISO 1924-3, the constant rate of elongation applied is 100 mm/min. Since the results of a tensile test depend on the rate of elongation applied, this part of ISO 1924 and ISO 1924-3 will not give the same results. The rate dependence can vary according to paper grade and is different for tensile strength, strain at break, tensile energy absorption and modulus of elasticity. NOTE 1 In most cases, the tensile properties can increase by 5 % to 15 % when the rate of elongation is increased from 20 mm/min (180 mm test span length) to 100 mm/min (100 mm test span length). NOTE 2 In this part of ISO 1924, the same terminology and symbols are used as in ISO 1924-3 and in general literature concerning materials physics and mechanics.
SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1924-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1 Paper and board — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) 1 Scope This part of ISO 1924 specifies a method for measuring the tensile strength, strain at break and tensile energy absorption of paper and board, using a testing machine operating at a constant rate of elongation (20 mm/min). This part of ISO 1924 also specifies equations for calculating the tensile index, the tensile energy absorption index and the modulus of elasticity. Testing in conformance with this part of ISO 1924 always includes the measurement of tensile strength. Measurement or calculation of other properties is subject to agreement between the parties concerned. This part of ISO 1924 is applicable to all papers and boards, including papers with a high strain at break if the results are within the capacity of the testing machine. It also applies to the components of corrugated board but not, however, to corrugated board itself. This part of ISO 1924 is not applicable to tissue paper and tissue products for which ISO 12625-4[2] is applicable. For the determination of tensile properties of laboratory sheets, ISO 5270[3] is recommended. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 534, Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and specific volume ISO 536, Paper and board — Determination of grammage SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
ISO 1924-2:2008(E) 2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 tensile strength maximum tensile force per unit width that paper and board will withstand before breaking under the conditions defined in this International Standard 3.2 tensile index tensile strength divided by the grammage 3.3 elongation increase in length of a test piece NOTE Elongation is expressed in millimetres. 3.4 strain ratio of the elongation of a test piece to the initial test length NOTE 1 Strain is expressed as a percentage of the initial test length. NOTE 2 The initial test length of the test piece is the same as the initial span between the clamping lines. 3.5 strain at break ratio of the measured elongation at the moment of rupture of a test piece of paper, when extended under the conditions defined in the standard method of test, to the initial test length 3.6 tensile energy absorption amount of energy per unit surface area of a test piece when it is strained to the maximum tensile force NOTE Surface area is calculated as test length multiplied by width. 3.7 tensile energy absorption index tensile energy absorption divided by the grammage 3.8 modulus of elasticity maximum slope of the force-elongation curve multiplied by the initial length divided by the width and the thickness of the test piece NOTE See also Figure 2. 4 Principle A test piece of given dimensions is strained to break at a constant rate of elongation using a testing machine that records both the tensile force and, if required, the elongation. If the tensile force and elongation are continuously recorded, the strain at break, the tensile energy absorption and the modulus of elasticity may be determined. From the recorded data, and the knowledge of the grammage of the sample, the tensile index and the tensile energy absorption index may be calculated. SIST EN ISO 1924-2:2009
ISO 1924-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3 5 Apparatus 5.1 Tensile testing machine, designed to extend a test piece of given dimensions at an appropriate constant rate of elongation (20 mm/min), and to measure the tensile force and, if required, the elongation produced. The tensile testing machine includes means of measuring and indicating the tensile force to an accuracy of ± 1 % of the true force an
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