D02.06.0A - Chemical Analysis

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1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of acidic constituents in petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and propan-2-ol (Note 1). It is applicable for the determination of acids whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10-9; extremely weak acids whose dissociation constants are smaller than 10-9 do not interfere. Salts react if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 10-9.
Note 1—In new and used oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, salts of ammonia and other weak bases, acid salts of polybasic acids, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents.
1.2 The test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the test method is not intended to measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid number is known.
Note 2—The acid number obtained by this standard may or may not be numerically the same as that obtained in accordance with Test Methods D974 and D3339.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidic constituents in new or used petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene, and isopropyl alcohol. The test method is especially intended for cases in which the amount of sample available to be analyzed is too small to allow accurate analysis by Test Methods D974 or D664. It is applicable for the determination of acids having dissociation constants in water larger than 10-9. Extremely weak acids having dissociation constants smaller than 10-9 do not interfere. Salts titrate if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 10-9.
1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes in acid number that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the method does not measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid number is known.
1.3 Since this test method requires substantially less sample than Test Methods D974 or D664, it provides an advantageous means of monitoring an oxidation test by changes in acid number by (a) minimizing test sample depletion for acid number analyses and thus minimizing the disturbance of the test or (b) allowing additional acid number analyses to be made while maintaining the same test sample depletion and thus providing additional data.
Note 1—Some oils, such as many cutting oils, rust-proofing oils, and similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, may be more difficult to analyze by this test method due to obscurity of the color-indicator end point. These oils can be analyzed by Test Method D664 provided sufficient sample is available. However, this situation is much less likely using Test Method D3339 than using Test Method D974 due to the use of a more highly dilute sample during the titration and due to the greater stability of the end point color change. The acid numbers obtained by Test Method D3339 may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D664 but they should be of the same order of magnitude.
Note 2—The results obtained using this method have been found to be numerically the same as those obtained using Test Method D974, within the precision of the two methods, for new or oxidized lubricants of the type primarily intended for hydraulic or steam turbine type service. The oxidized lubricants were obtained using the Test Method D943 oxidation test. This correlation is shown by the correlation coefficient r = 0.989 with slope s = + 1.017 and intercept  y = + 0.029, calculated using the acid numbers obtained using both titration methods for the samples used for the precision statement (12.2).
1.4 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 7 and 9 and A1.14 and A2.3.1.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidic or basic constituents (Note 1) in petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and isopropyl alcohol. It is applicable for the determination of acids or bases whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 109; extremely weak acids or bases whose dissociation constants are smaller than 109 do not interfere. Salts react if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 109.
Note 1—In new and used oils, the constituents considered to have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents. Similarly, constituents considered to have basic properties include organic and inorganic bases, amino compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, salts of heavy metals, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents.
Note 2—This test method is not suitable for measuring the basic constituents of many basic additive-type lubricating oils. Test Method D 4739 can be used for this purpose.
1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the method does not measure an absolute acidic or basic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid or base numbers is known.
Note 3—Oils, such as many cutting oils, rustproofing oils, and similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, that cannot be analyzed for acid number by this test method due to obscurity of the color-indicator end point, can be analyzed by Test Method D 664. The acid numbers obtained by this color-indicator test method need not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 664, the base numbers obtained by this color indicator test method need not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 4739, but they are generally of the same order of magnitude.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidic or basic constituents (Note 1) in petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and isopropyl alcohol. It is applicable for the determination of acids or bases whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 109; extremely weak acids or bases whose dissociation constants are smaller than 109 do not interfere. Salts react if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 109.
Note 1—In new and used oils, the constituents considered to have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents. Similarly, constituents considered to have basic properties include organic and inorganic bases, amino compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, salts of heavy metals, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents.
Note 2—This test method is not suitable for measuring the basic constituents of many basic additive-type lubricating oils. Test Method D 4739 can be used for this purpose.
1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the method does not measure an absolute acidic or basic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid or base numbers is known.
Note 3—Oils, such as many cutting oils, rustproofing oils, and similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, that cannot be analyzed for acid number by this test method due to obscurity of the color-indicator end point, can be analyzed by Test Method D 664. The acid numbers obtained by this color-indicator test method need not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 664, the base numbers obtained by this color indicator test method need not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 4739, but they are generally of the same order of magnitude.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of acidic constituents in petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and propan-2-ol (Note 1). It is applicable for the determination of acids whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10-9; extremely weak acids whose dissociation constants are smaller than 10-9 do not interfere. Salts react if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 10-9.
Note 1—In new and used oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, salts of ammonia and other weak bases, acid salts of polybasic acids, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents.
1.2 The test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the test method is not intended to measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid number is known.
Note 2—The acid number obtained by this standard may or may not be numerically the same as that obtained in accordance with Test Methods D974 and D3339.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the basic constituents in petroleum products in the field or laboratory using a pre-packaged test kit. The test kit uses a micro-titration resulting in a visual end point facilitated by a color indicator.  
1.1.1 This test method covers base numbers from 0 to 20. It can be extended to higher ranges by diluting the sample or by using a smaller sample size; however, the precision data were obtained for base numbers up to 20.  
1.2 This test method can be used to Indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the test is performed under closely specified conditions with standard reagents, the test method does not measure an absolute basic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and base number is known.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard involves hazardous materials and operations. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products and lubricants (Note 1). The test method resolves these constituents into groups having weak-base and strong-base ionization properties, provided the dissociation constants of the more strongly basic compounds are at least 1000 times that of the next weaker groups.
1.1.1 This test method covers base numbers up to 70. While it can be extended to higher base numbers, the precision of the test method for base numbers greater than 70 has not been determined.
Note 1-In new and used oils, the constituents which can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases, including amino compounds, although certain salts of heavy metals, salts of weak acids, basic salts of polyacidic compounds, and some additives such as inhibitors or detergents may show basic characteristics.
1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing or other service conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil (Note 2). Although the analysis is made under closely specified conditions, the method is not intended to, and does not, result in reported basic properties which can be used under all service conditions to predict performance of an oil; for example, no overall relationship is known between bearing corrosion or the control of corrosive wear in the engine and base number.
Note 2-A color indicator titration method is also available in the Test Method D 974 and IP139. The base numbers obtained by the potentiometric method may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 974 or equivalent color indicator methods such as given in Federal Test Method Std. No. 791b. Potentiometric methods for base number are also available in Test Method D 2896.
Note 3-Test Method D 4739 was developed as an alternative for the former base number portion of Test Method D 664. Base numbers obtained by this method may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by the former base number portion of Test Method D 664.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 to 1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.  
Note 1- This test method is a micro version of Test Method D 974 and it produces results similar to that method.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision methods such as Test Methods D 974 or D 664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.