C09.22 - Materials Applied to New Concrete Surfaces

ABSTRACT
This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included: curing paper which can be regular or white, polyethylene film which can be clear or white opaque, and white-burlap-polyethylene sheet. The sheet materials furnished shall be tough, strong, resilient, and capable of withstanding normal job use without puncturing or tearing. The daylight reflectance of the white side of white curing paper shall be at least 50% when measured. The daylight reflectance of white polyethylene film and the polyethylene side of white burlap-polyethylene sheet shall be at least 70% when measured. Curing paper shall consist of two sheets of kraft paper cemented together with a bituminous material in which are embedded cords or strands of fiber running in both directions. The paper shall be light in color, shall be free of visible defects, and shall have a uniform appearance. White paper shall have a white surface on at least one side. The tensile strength of the curing paper shall be determined. Polyethylene film shall consist of a single sheet manufactured from polyethylene resins. It shall be free of visible defects and shall have a uniform appearance. The clear type shall be essentially transparent. The opaque film shall contain white pigment. The impact resistance of this film shall be measured. White burlap-polyethylene sheet shall consist of burlap extrusion coated on one side with white opaque polyethylene. The polyethylene material shall be securely bonded to the burlap so that there will be no separation of the materials during handling and curing of the concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included:  
1.1.1 Curing Paper:  
1.1.1.1 Regular.
1.1.1.2 White.  
1.1.2 Polyethylene Film:  
1.1.2.1 Clear.
1.1.2.2 White Opaque.  
1.1.3 White-Burlap-Polyethylene Sheet.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: This specification does not cover materials such as burlap, cotton mats, or rugs used with additional applications of water to maintain a water-saturated environment on such surfaces. Sheet materials having additional characteristics such as insulating properties and the ability to carry additional water to the curing region are commercially available but are not currently addressed in this specification.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The moisture retaining ability of a product as determined by this test method is used to assess the suitability of materials for contributing to an appropriate curing environment for concrete. The laboratory test method is used both in formulating and in specifying or qualifying curing products. This test method gives the user a measure of the ability of tested curing materials to impede the escape of water from a hydraulic cement mortar. Since it is desirable to retain water in fresh concrete to promote the hydration process, failure of the product to minimize the escape of water may lead to loss of strength, cracking, shrinkage, or low abrasion resistance of the hardened concrete, or a combination thereof.  
4.2 Many factors affect the laboratory test results. Test results obtained may be highly variable as indicated by the precision statement. Critical factors include the precision of the control of the temperature, humidity and air circulation in the curing cabinet, preparation and sealing of the mortar specimens, the age and surface condition of the mortar specimen when the curing product is applied, and the uniformity and quantity of application of the curing membrane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the ability of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete to reduce moisture loss from mortar specimens during the early hardening period as a measure of their applicability for curing concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers for fresh and hardened concrete. Each membrane should have good alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light. The materials are limited to clear or translucent and white pigmented materials, all of which are classified into non-yellowing, moderately yellowing, or yellows or darkens unrestrictedly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers on freshly placed concrete and as sealers on hardened concrete. These membranes have special properties, such as, alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light.
Note 1: For liquid membrane-forming curing compounds specified primarily by their ability to retain water in newly placed concrete (and by drying time, and for white pigmented products, reflectance), see Specification C309.  
1.2 This is a performance specification. The allowable composition of products covered by this specification is limited by various local, regional, and national regulations. Issues related to air quality (solvent emission), worker exposure, and other hazards are not addressed here. It is the responsibility of the producers and users of these materials to comply with pertinent regulations.
Warning—Some VOC exempt solvents used to meet the regulations are extremely flammable with low auto ignition temperatures and rapid evaporation rates. Consult the manufacturer's product information sheet for important application and safety information.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (Inch pound units are shown in parentheses).  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing. Liquid membrane-forming compound types 1 and 1-D shall be clear or translucent. Type 2 liquid membrane-forming compounds shall consist of finely-divided white pigment and vehicle, ready-mixed for immediate use as is. Liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall restrict the loss of water not more than the requirements prescribed. Type 2 liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall exhibit a daylight reflectance of not less than 60 %. Liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall dry to touch in not more than 4 h.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing.  
Note 1: This specification addresses only those properties listed in Sections 6 through 9. Membrane-forming compounds with special properties including better water retention, minimum solids content, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, acid and alkali resistance and non-interference with adhesives are described in Specification C1315.
Note 2: Solutions of silicate salts are chemically reactive in concrete rather than membrane-forming; therefore, they do not meet the intent of this specification.  
1.2 This is a performance specification. The allowable composition of products covered by this specification is limited by various local, regional, and national regulations. Issues related to air quality (solvent emission), worker exposure, and other hazards are not addressed here. It is the responsibility of the producers and users of these materials to comply with pertinent regulations.  
1.3 Warning—Some VOC exempt solvents used to meet the regulations are extremely flammable with low auto ignition temperatures and rapid evaporation rates. Consult the manufacturer's product information sheet for important application and safety information.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.  
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The moisture retaining ability of a product as determined by this test method is used to assess the suitability of materials for contributing to an appropriate curing environment for concrete. The laboratory test method is used both in formulating and in specifying or qualifying curing products. This test method gives the user a measure of the ability of tested curing materials to impede the escape of water from a hydraulic cement mortar. Since it is desirable to retain water in fresh concrete to promote the hydration process, failure of the product to minimize the escape of water may lead to loss of strength, cracking, shrinkage, or low abrasion resistance of the hardened concrete, or a combination thereof.  
3.2 Many factors affect the laboratory test results. Test results obtained may be highly variable as indicated by the precision statement. Critical factors include the precision of the control of the temperature, humidity and air circulation in the curing cabinet, preparation and sealing of the mortar specimens, the age and surface condition of the mortar specimen when the curing product is applied, and the uniformity and quantity of application of the curing membrane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the ability of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete to reduce moisture loss from mortar specimens during the early hardening period as a measure of their applicability for curing concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included: curing paper which can be regular or white, polyethylene film which can be clear or white opaque, and white-burlap-polyethylene sheet. The sheet materials furnished shall be tough, strong, resilient, and capable of withstanding normal job use without puncturing or tearing. The daylight reflectance of the white side of white curing paper shall be at least 50% when measured. The daylight reflectance of white polyethylene film and the polyethylene side of white burlap-polyethylene sheet shall be at least 70% when measured. Curing paper shall consist of two sheets of kraft paper cemented together with a bituminous material in which are embedded cords or strands of fiber running in both directions. The paper shall be light in color, shall be free of visible defects, and shall have a uniform appearance. White paper shall have a white surface on at least one side. The tensile strength of the curing paper shall be determined. Polyethylene film shall consist of a single sheet manufactured from polyethylene resins. It shall be free of visible defects and shall have a uniform appearance. The clear type shall be essentially transparent. The opaque film shall contain white pigment. The impact resistance of this film shall be measured. White burlap-polyethylene sheet shall consist of burlap extrusion coated on one side with white opaque polyethylene. The polyethylene material shall be securely bonded to the burlap so that there will be no separation of the materials during handling and curing of the concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included:  
1.1.1 Curing Paper:  
1.1.1.1 Regular.
1.1.1.2 White.  
1.1.2 Polyethylene Film:  
1.1.2.1 Clear.
1.1.2.2 White Opaque.  
1.1.3 White-Burlap-Polyethylene Sheet.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: This specification does not cover materials such as burlap, cotton mats, or rugs used with additional applications of water to maintain a water-saturated environment on such surfaces. Sheet materials having additional characteristics such as insulating properties and the ability to carry additional water to the curing region are commercially available but are not currently addressed in this specification.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing. Liquid membrane-forming compound types 1 and 1-D shall be clear or translucent. Type 2 liquid membrane-forming compounds shall consist of finely-divided white pigment and vehicle, ready-mixed for immediate use as is. Liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall restrict the loss of water not more than the requirements prescribed. Type 2 liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall exhibit a daylight reflectance of not less than 60 %. Liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall dry to touch in not more than 4 h.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing.  
Note 1—This specification addresses only those properties listed in Sections 5 through 8. Membrane-forming compounds with special properties including better water retention, minimum solids content, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, acid and alkali resistance and non-interference with adhesives are described in Specification C1315.
Note 2—Solutions of silicate salts are chemically reactive in concrete rather than membrane-forming; therefore, they do not meet the intent of this specification.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This is a performance specification. The allowable composition of products covered by this specification is limited by various local, regional, and national regulations. Issues related to air quality (solvent emission), worker exposure, and other hazards are not addressed here. It is the responsibility of the producers and users of these materials to comply with pertinent regulations.
WarningSome VOC exempt solvents used to meet the regulations are extremely flammable with low auto ignition temperatures and rapid evaporation rates. Consult the manufacturer's product information sheet for important application and safety information.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The moisture retaining ability of a product as determined by this test method is used to assess the suitability of materials for contributing to an appropriate curing environment for concrete. The laboratory test method is used both in formulating and in specifying or qualifying curing products. This test method gives the user a measure of the ability of tested curing materials to impede the escape of moisture from a hydraulic cement mortar. Since it is desirable to retain moisture in fresh concrete to promote the hydration process, failure of the product to minimize the escape of moisture may lead to loss of strength, cracking, shrinkage, or low abrasion resistance of the hardened concrete, or a combination thereof.
Many factors affect the laboratory test results. Test results obtained may be highly variable as indicated by the precision statement. Critical factors include the precision of the control of the temperature, humidity and air circulation in the curing cabinet, preparation and sealing of the mortar specimens, the age and surface condition of the mortar specimen when the curing product is applied, and the uniformity and quantity of application of the curing membrane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss from mortar specimens during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers for fresh and hardened concrete. Each membrane should have good alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light. The materials are limited to clear or translucent and white pigmented materials, all of which are classified into non-yellowing, moderately yellowing, or yellows or darkens unrestrictedly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers on freshly placed concrete and as sealers on hardened concrete. These membranes have special properties, such as, alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light.
Note 1—For liquid membrane-forming curing compounds specified primarily by their ability to retain water in newly placed concrete (and by drying time, and for white pigmented products, reflectance), see Specification C309.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (Inch pound units are shown in parentheses).
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This is a performance specification. The allowable composition of products covered by this specification is limited by various local, regional, and national regulations. Issues related to air quality (solvent emission), worker exposure, and other hazards are not addressed here. It is the responsibility of the producers and users of these materials to comply with pertinent regulations.
WarningSome VOC exempt solvents used to meet the regulations are extremely flammable with low auto ignition temperatures and rapid evaporation rates. Consult the manufacturer's product information sheet for important application and safety information.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The moisture retaining ability of a product as determined by this test method is used to assess the suitability of materials for contributing to an appropriate curing environment for concrete. The laboratory test method is used both in formulating and in specifying or qualifying curing products. This test method gives the user a measure of the ability of tested curing materials to impede the escape of moisture from a hydraulic cement mortar. Since it is desirable to retain moisture in fresh concrete to promote the hydration process, failure of the product to minimize the escape of moisture may lead to loss of strength, cracking, shrinkage, or low abrasion resistance of the hardened concrete, or a combination thereof.
Many factors affect the laboratory test results. Test results obtained may be highly variable as indicated by the precision statement. Critical factors include the precision of the control of the temperature, humidity and air circulation in the curing cabinet, preparation and sealing of the mortar specimens, the age and surface condition of the mortar specimen when the curing product is applied, and the uniformity and quantity of application of the curing membrane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The moisture retaining ability of a product as determined by this test method is used to assess the suitability of materials for contributing to an appropriate curing environment for concrete. The laboratory test method is used both in formulating and in specifying or qualifying curing products. This test method gives the user a measure of the ability of tested curing materials to impede the escape of moisture from a hydraulic cement mortar. Since it is desirable to retain moisture in fresh concrete to promote the hydration process, failure of the product to minimize the escape of moisture may lead to loss of strength, cracking, shrinkage, or low abrasion resistance of the hardened concrete, or a combination thereof.
Many factors affect the laboratory test results. Test results obtained may be highly variable as indicated by the precision statement. Critical factors include the precision of the control of the temperature, humidity and air circulation in the curing cabinet, preparation and sealing of the mortar specimens, the age and surface condition of the mortar specimen when the curing product is applied, and the uniformity and quantity of application of the curing membrane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers for fresh and hardened concrete. Each membrane should have good alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light. The materials are limited to clear or translucent and white pigmented materials, all of which are classified into non-yellowing, moderately yellowing, or yellows or darkens unrestrictedly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers on freshly placed concrete and as sealers on hardened concrete. These membranes have special properties, such as, alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light.
Note 1—For liquid membrane-forming curing compounds specified primarily by their ability to retain water in newly placed concrete (and by drying time, and for white pigmented products, reflectance), see Specification C 309.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (Inch pound units are shown in parentheses).
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This is a performance specification. The allowable composition of products covered by this specification is limited by various local, regional, and national regulations. Issues related to air quality (solvent emission), worker exposure, and other hazards are not addressed here. It is the responsibility of the producers and users of these materials to comply with pertinent regulations.
Warning—Some VOC exempt solvents used to meet the regulations are extremely flammable with low auto ignition temperatures and rapid evaporation rates. Consult the manufacturer's product information sheet for important application and safety information.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included: curing paper which can be regular or white, polyethylene film which can be clear or white opaque, and white-burlap-polyethylene sheet. The sheet materials furnished shall be tough, strong, resilient, and capable of withstanding normal job use without puncturing or tearing. The daylight reflectance of the white side of white curing paper shall be at least 50% when measured. The daylight reflectance of white polyethylene film and the polyethylene side of white burlap-polyethylene sheet shall be at least 70% when measured. Curing paper shall consist of two sheets of kraft paper cemented together with a bituminous material in which are embedded cords or strands of fiber running in both directions. The paper shall be light in color, shall be free of visible defects, and shall have a uniform appearance. White paper shall have a white surface on at least one side. The tensile strength of the curing paper shall be determined. Polyethylene film shall consist of a single sheet manufactured from polyethylene resins. It shall be free of visible defects and shall have a uniform appearance. The clear type shall be essentially transparent. The opaque film shall contain white pigment. The impact resistance of this film shall be measured. White burlap-polyethylene sheet shall consist of burlap extrusion coated on one side with white opaque polyethylene. The polyethylene material shall be securely bonded to the burlap so that there will be no separation of the materials during handling and curing of the concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included:
1.1.1  Curing Paper.
1.1.1.1. Regular.
1.1.1.2 White.
1.1.2  Polyethylene Film:
1.1.2.1 Clear.
1.1.2.2 White Opaque.
1.1.3 White-Burlap-Polyethylene Sheet
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided in parentheses for information only. Note 1
This specification does not cover materials such as burlap, cotton mats, or rugs used with additional applications of water to maintain a water-saturated environment on such surfaces. Procedures employing these materials are discussed in ACI 308R. Sheet materials having additional characteristics such as insulating properties and the ability to carry additional water to the curing region are commercially available but are not currently addressed in this specification.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing. Liquid membrane-forming compound types 1 and 1-D shall be clear or translucent. Type 2 liquid membrane-forming compounds shall consist of finely-divided white pigment and vehicle, ready-mixed for immediate use as is. Liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall restrict the loss of water not more than the requirements prescribed. Type 2 liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall exhibit a daylight reflectance of not less than 60 %. Liquid membrane-forming compounds, when tested, shall dry to touch in not more than 4 h.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing. Note 1
This specification addresses only those properties listed in Sections through . Membrane-forming compounds with special properties including better water retention, minimum solids content, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, acid and alkali resistance and non-interference with adhesives are described in Specification C 1315.Note 2
Solutions of silicate salts are chemically reactive in concrete rather than membrane-forming; therefore, they do not meet the intent of this specification.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This is a performance specification. The allowable composition of products covered by this specification is limited by various local, regional, and national regulations. Issues related to air quality (solvent emission), worker exposure, and other hazards are not addressed here. It is the responsibility of the producers and users of these materials to comply with pertinent regulations.
Warning-Some VOC exempt solvents used to meet the regulations are extremely flammable with low auto ignition temperatures and rapid evaporation rates. Consult the manufacturer's product information sheet for important application and safety information.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers on freshly placed concrete and as sealers on hardened concrete. These membranes have special properties, such as, alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light.Note 1
For liquid membrane-forming curing compounds specified primarily by their ability to retain water in newly placed concrete (and by drying time, and for white pigmented products, reflectance), see Specification C 309.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (Inch pound units are shown in parentheses).
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section , of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This is a performance specification. The allowable composition of products covered by this specification is limited by various local, regional, and national regulations. Issues related to air quality (solvent emission), worker exposure, and other hazards are not addressed here. It is the responsibility of the producers and users of these materials to comply with pertinent regulations.
Warning-Some VOC exempt solvents used to meet the regulations are extremely flammable with low auto ignition temperatures and rapid evaporation rates. Consult the manufacturer's product information sheet for important application and safety information.

SCOPE
DESIG: C 309 06 ^TITLE: Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete ^SCOPE:1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing. Note 1
This specification addresses only those properties listed in Sections through . Membrane-forming compounds with special properties including better water retention, minimum solids content, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, acid and alkali resistance and non-interference with adhesives are described in Specification C 1315.Note 2
Solutions of silicate salts are chemically reactive in concrete rather than membrane-forming; therefore, they do not meet the intent of this specification.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers on freshly placed concrete and as sealers on hardened concrete. These membranes have special properties, such as, alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light.Note 1
For liquid membrane-forming curing compounds specified primarily by their ability to retain water in newly placed concrete (and by drying time, and for white pigmented products, reflectance), see Specification C 309.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (Inch pound units are shown in parentheses).
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The moisture retaining ability of a product as determined by this test method is used to assess the suitability of materials for contributing to an appropriate curing environment for concrete. The laboratory test method is used both in formulating and in specifying or qualifying curing products. This test method gives the user a measure of the ability of tested curing materials to impede the escape of moisture from a hydraulic cement mortar. Since it is desirable to retain moisture in fresh concrete to promote the hydration process, failure of the product to minimize the escape of moisture may lead to loss of strength, cracking, shrinkage, or low abrasion resistance of the hardened concrete, or a combination thereof.
Many factors affect the laboratory test results. Test results obtained may be highly variable as indicated by the precision statement. Critical factors include the precision of the control of the temperature, humidity and air circulation in the curing cabinet, preparation and sealing of the mortar specimens, the age and surface condition of the mortar specimen when the curing product is applied, and the uniformity and quantity of application of the curing membrane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds and sheet materials for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing.
Note 1—Solutions of silicate salts are chemically reactive in concrete rather than membrane-forming; therefore, they do not meet the intent of this specification.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers on freshly placed concrete and as sealers on hardened concrete. These membranes have special properties, such as, alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (Inch pound units are shown in parentheses).  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included:
1.1.1 Curing Paper:
1.1.1.1 Regular.
1.1.1.2 White.
1.1.2 Polyethylene Film
1.1.2.1 Clear.
1.1.2.2 White Opaque.
1.1.3 White-Burlap-Polyethylene Sheet.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided in parentheses for information only.
Note 1—This specification does not cover materials such as burlap, cotton mats, or rugs used with additional applications of water to maintain a water-saturated environment on such surfaces. Procedures employing these materials are discussed in ACI 308R. Sheet materials having additional characteristics such as insulating properties and the ability to carry additional water to the curing region are commercially available but are not currently addressed in this specification.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds and sheet materials for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds and sheet materials for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds and sheet materials for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for membrane-forming liquids suitable for use as curing compounds and sealers on freshly placed concrete and as sealers on hardened concrete. These membranes have special properties, such as, alkali resistance, acid resistance, adhesion-promoting qualities, and resistance to degradation by UV light.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (Inch pound units are shown in parentheses).  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds and sheet materials for curing concrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early hardening period.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers liquid membrane-forming compounds suitable for application to concrete surfaces to reduce the loss of water during the early-hardening period. White-pigmented membrane-forming compounds serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The membrane-forming compounds covered by this specification are suitable for use as curing media for fresh concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing.
Note 1-Sodium silicate solutions are chemically reactive rather than membrane-forming; therefore, they do not meet the intent of this specification.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers materials in sheet form used for covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types are included:  
1.1.1 Curing Paper:  
1.1.1.1 Regular.  
1.1.1.2 White.  
1.1.2 Polyethylene Film:  
1.1.2.1 Clear.  
1.1.2.2 White Opaque.  
1.1.3 White-Burlap-Polyethylene Sheet.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds and sheet materials for curing concrete. This test method can also be useful in research work where the effect of different variables on the curing of concrete is studied.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.