F37.70 - Cross Cutting

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. The propeller may not have design features that have been shown to be hazardous or unreliable unless the suitability of each questionable design detail or part can be established by tests. Strength testing; stress measurement, fatigue strength, and fatigue analysis, endurance testing, and teardown inspection shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. These propellers are used on light aircraft, and could be used with engines conforming to Practice F2339.  
1.1.1 When applying the additions provided in Appendix X1, this specification also covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing and quality assurance of in-flight adjustable propellers for light-sport aircraft.  
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of propellers for light sport aircraft.  
1.3 This specification does not address the airframe installation requirements for propellers.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of airframe emergency parachutes for light sport aircraft. Materials used for parts and assemblies, shall meet the conditions specified for (1) suitability and durability, (2) strength and other properties assumed in the design data, and (3) effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, expected in service. Parachute model designations shall include the following: (1) parachute system parts list, (2) new parachutes model designations, (3) design changes, and (4) installation design changes. The strength requirements shall be specified in terms of limit loads and ultimate loads. The following minimum performance standards for the basic parachute system design shall be met: (1) parachute strength test to determine the ultimate load factor, (2) rate of descent, (3) component strength test, (4) staged deployment, and (5) environmental conditions. The installation design requirements are specified for the following: (1) coordination, (2) weight and balance, (3) system mounting, (4) extraction performance, (5) parachute attachment to the airframe, (6) activating housing routing, and (7) occupant restraint. Other requirements such as system function and operations and product marking are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for airframes. Airframe emergency parachutes addressed in this specification refer to parachute systems designed, manufactured, and installed to recover the airframe and its occupants at a survivable rate of descent. This specification is not applicable to deep-stall parachutes, spin recovery parachutes, drogue parachutes, or other airframe emergency aerodynamic decelerators not specifically intended for safely lowering the airframe and occupants to the ground. The specification is applicable to these types of parachutes if they are an integral part of an airframe emergency parachute system designed to recover the airframe and occupants at a survivable rate of descent.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. There may be values given in parentheses that are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. Values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Note that within the aviation community mixed units are appropriate in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agreements. While the values stated in SI units are regarded as standard, certain values such as airspeeds in knots and altitude in feet are also accepted as standard.  
1.3 Airframe emergency parachute recovery systems have become an acceptable means of greatly reducing the likelihood of serious injury or death in an in-flight emergency. Even though they have saved hundreds of lives in many different types of conditions, inherent danger of failure, even if properly designed, manufactured and installed, remains due to the countless permutations of random variables (attitude, altitude, accelerations, airspeed, weight, geographic location, etc.) that may exist at time of usage. The combination of these variables may negatively influence the life saving function of these airframe emergency parachute systems. They are designed to be a supplemental safety device and to be used at the discretion of the pilot when deemed to provide the best chance of survivability.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles fo...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines.  
3.2 Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers' guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, VFR use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines.  
3.2 Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight-testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturer's guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating compression ignition engines for light sport aircraft, Visual Flight Rules (VFR) use.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the minimum requirements for a Continued Operational Safety (COS) program for manufacturers of light sport aircraft (LSA) and LSA kits. It establishes a method for reporting, evaluating, and correcting unsafe conditions and service difficulty issues for the purpose of COS of a LSA. The elements of the COS program described in this specification include the following: Communication and Owner Information, Determination of Corrective Action, Notice of Corrective Action, and Continuation of Airworthiness.
This specification applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for a Continued Operational Safety (COS) program for manufacturer’s of light sport aircraft and light sport aircraft kits.  
1.2 This specification applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide guidance to owners, mechanics, airports, regulatory officials, and aircraft and component manufacturers who may accomplish maintenance, repairs, and alterations on a light sport aircraft. In addition, this practice covers the format and content of maintenance manuals and instructions for the maintenance, repair, and alteration of an LSA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for the qualifications to accomplish the various levels of maintenance on U.S.-certificated experimental and special light sport aircraft. In addition, it provides the content and structure of maintenance manuals for aircraft and their components that are operated as light sport aircraft.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for an independent audit program for aircraft manufacturers. The intended use is to provide minimum requirements for an initial assessment of manufacturers bringing a new aircraft model to market, or for periodic review of an existing manufacturer’s operations.  
4.2 Compliance to this practice would ensure that the audit program and those who execute it meet the consensus set of minimum requirements and qualifications.  
4.3 This practice does not mandate manufacturer independent audits.  
4.4 Independent audits are to be conducted only at the request of the manufacturer or relevant CAA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for a Manufacturer Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F2839.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
3.2 The intended use of standard is to provide a basis for an internal or external entity to develop an audit program. An audit program defines specific requirements for the execution of audits for a particular objective. An example of an audit program would be an external (third party) audit of LSA manufacturer’s quality assurance system.  
3.3 Compliance to this standard would insure that audit programs and those who develop and execute them are following a consensus set of minimum requirements.  
3.4 This standard does not mandate either internal or external audits.  
3.5 An auditing entity cannot request or approve an audit.  
3.6 Other Audit Criteria—Other audit criteria may be included in the audit scope if specified in the audit plan. Examples include safety, technical, operational, and management requirements. Items that are outside the scope of auditable criteria may be submitted as observations for possible resolution. However these are not binding and are not mandatory.  
3.7 Additional Services—Additional services are outside the scope of an audit objective. Examples of such services are consultation to resolve negative or open findings or any other service where the auditing entity conducts an activity other than an audit for the audited entity.  
3.8 Compliance Assurance—An audit is only an indicator of the compliance health of the facility and/or organization during only the period under review and therefore has limited compliance assurance and is not assumed to be exhaustive.  
3.9 Level of Review is Variable—The audit scope may vary to meet different audit objectives. For example, the audit scope may include only selected audit criteria, selected period under review, or selected portions of a facility or organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for auditing programs, methods, and systems, the responsibilities for all parties involved, and qualifications for entities conducting audits against ASTM standards on Light Sport Aircraft.  
1.2 This standard provides requirements to enable consistent and structured examination of objective evidence for compliance that is beneficial for the LSA industry and its consumers. It is the intent of this standard to provide the necessary minimum requirements for organizations to develop audit programs and procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the instructions a kit producer must provide to a consumer in order to assemble and safely flight-test a recreational aircraft to ensure compliance with applicable ASTM standards. The instructions prescribe the necessary mechanical skills or training, or both, required for successful completion of the kit, as well as necessary tooling, fixtures, inspections, measurements, and other pertinent items required for successful completion of the kit. The kit assembly instructions (KAI) shall include at least the following information: (1) Revisions; (2) Introduction and instructions for using the KAI; (3) Table of Contents; (4) Safety Summary; (5) Applicable standards and specifications; (6) Terminology; (7) Required consumer abilities and responsibilities; (8) Required equipment and environmental conditions; (9) Parts list; (10) Assembly operations; (11) Final assembly Inspections; (12) Flight-test procedures; and (13) Additional requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instructions a kit producer must provide to a consumer in order to assemble and safely flight-test a recreational aircraft to ensure compliance with applicable ASTM standards.  
1.2 The instructions prescribe the necessary mechanical skills or training, or both, required for successful completion of the kit, as well as necessary tooling, fixtures, inspections, measurements, and other pertinent items required for successful completion of the kit. Proof of compliance with these instructions may be vital for obtaining flight authorizations from the applicable CAA.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect the process that an organization would go through in order to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.  
4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and procedures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.  
4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package of any given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agency’s jurisdiction.  
4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanations provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, determining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declaration of compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but does not present technical or business requirements that must be met.  
1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines.  
3.2 Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers' guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, VFR use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide guidance to owners, mechanics, airports, regulatory officials, and aircraft and component manufacturers who may accomplish maintenance, repairs, and alterations on a light sport aircraft. In addition, this practice covers the format and content of maintenance manuals and instructions for the maintenance, repair, and alteration of an LSA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for the qualifications to accomplish the various levels of maintenance on U.S.-certificated experimental and special light sport aircraft. In addition, it provides the content and structure of maintenance manuals for aircraft and their components that are operated as light sport aircraft.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines.  
2.2 Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers' guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, VFR use.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for an independent factory assessment audit program for aircraft manufacturers. The intended use is to provide minimum requirements for an initial assessment of manufacturers bringing a new aircraft model to market, or for periodic review of an existing manufacturer’s operations if required by relevant Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).  
4.2 Compliance to this practice would ensure that the audit program and those who execute it meet the consensus set of minimum requirements and qualifications.  
4.3 This practice does not mandate independent factory assessment audits.  
4.4 Independent audits are to be conducted only at the request of the manufacturer or relevant CAA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for a Manufacturer Assessment Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F2839.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect the process that an organization would go through in order to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.  
4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and procedures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.  
4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package of any given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agency’s jurisdiction.  
4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanations provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, determining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declaration of compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but does not present technical or business requirements that must be met.  
1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect the process that an organization would go through in order to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.  
4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and procedures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.  
4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package of any given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agency’s jurisdiction.  
4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanations provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, determining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declaration of compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but does not present technical or business requirements that must be met.  
1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for a quality assurance system for manufacturers of Light Sport Aircraft or Light Sport Aircraft kits, or both.  
1.2 This standard applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for a quality assurance system for manufacturers of Light Sport Aircraft or Light Sport Aircraft kits, or both.  
1.2 This standard applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of airframe emergency parachutes for light sport aircraft. Materials used for parts and assemblies, shall meet the conditions specified for (1) suitability and durability, (2) strength and other properties assumed in the design data, and (3) effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, expected in service. Parachute model designations shall include the following: (1) parachute system parts list, (2) new parachutes model designations, (3) design changes, and (4) installation design changes. The strength requirements shall be specified in terms of limit loads and ultimate loads. The following minimum performance standards for the basic parachute system design shall be met: (1) parachute strength test to determine the ultimate load factor, (2) rate of descent, (3) component strength test, (4) staged deployment, and (5) environmental conditions. The installation design requirements are specified for the following: (1) coordination, (2) weight and balance, (3) system mounting, (4) extraction performance, (5) parachute attachment to the airframe, (6) activating housing routing, and (7) occupant restraint. Other requirements such as system function and operations and product marking are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for airframes. Airframe emergency parachutes addressed in this standard refer to parachute systems designed, manufactured, and installed to recover the airframe and its occupants at a survivable rate of descent. This standard is not applicable to deep-stall parachutes, spin recovery parachutes, drogue parachutes, or other airframe emergency aerodynamic decelerators not specifically intended for safely lowering the airframe and occupants to the ground. The standard is applicable to these types of parachutes if they are an integral part of an airframe emergency parachute system designed to recover the airframe and occupants at a survivable rate of descent.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. There may be values given in parentheses that are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. Values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Note that within the aviation community mixed units are appropriate in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agreements. While the values stated in SI units are regarded as standard, certain values such as airspeeds in knots and altitude in feet are also accepted as standard.  
1.3 Airframe emergency parachute recovery systems have become an acceptable means of greatly reducing the likelihood of serious injury or death in an in-flight emergency. Even though they have saved hundreds of lives in many different types of conditions, inherent danger of failure, even if properly designed, manufactured and installed, remains due to the countless permutations of random variables (attitude, altitude, accelerations, airspeed, weight, geographic location, etc.) that may exist at time of usage. The combination of these variables may negatively influence the life saving function of these airframe emergency parachute systems. They are designed to be a supplemental safety device and to be used at the discretion of the pilot when deemed to provide the best chance of survivability.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect the process that an organization would go through in order to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.  
4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and procedures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.  
4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package of any given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agency’s jurisdiction.  
4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanations provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, determining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declaration of compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but does not present technical or business requirements that must be met.  
1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect the process that an organization would go through in order to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.  
4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and procedures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.  
4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package of any given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agency’s jurisdiction.  
4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanations provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, determining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declaration of compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but does not present technical or business requirements that must be met.  
1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect the process that an organization would go through in order to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.  
4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and procedures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.  
4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package of any given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agency’s jurisdiction.  
4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanations provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, determining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declaration of compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but does not present technical or business requirements that must be met.  
1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. The propeller may not have design features that have been shown to be hazardous or unreliable unless the suitability of each questionable design detail or part can be established by tests. Strength testing; stress measurement, fatigue strength, and fatigue analysis, endurance testing, and teardown inspection shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. These propellers are used on light aircraft, and could be used with engines conforming to Practice F2339.  
1.1.1 When applying the additions provided in Appendix X1, this specification also covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing and quality assurance of in-flight adjustable propellers for light-sport aircraft.  
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of propellers for light sport aircraft.  
1.3 This specification does not address the airframe installation requirements for propellers.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for a quality assurance system for manufacturers of Light Sport Aircraft or Light Sport Aircraft kits, or both.  
1.2 This standard applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide guidance to owners, mechanics, airports, regulatory officials, and aircraft and component manufacturers who may accomplish maintenance, repairs, and alterations on a light sport aircraft. In addition, this practice covers the format and content of maintenance manuals and instructions for the maintenance, repair, and alteration of an LSA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for the qualifications to accomplish the various levels of maintenance on U.S.-certificated experimental and special light sport aircraft. In addition, it provides the content and structure of maintenance manuals for aircraft and their components that are operated as light sport aircraft.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of airframe emergency parachutes. Materials used for parts and assemblies, shall meet the conditions specified for (1) suitability and durability, (2) strength and other properties assumed in the design data, and (3) effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, expected in service. Parachute model designations shall include the following: (1) parachute system parts list, (2) new parachutes model designations, (3) design changes, and (4) installation design changes. The strength requirements shall be specified in terms of limit loads and ultimate loads. The following minimum performance standards for the basic parachute system design shall be met: (1) parachute strength test to determine the ultimate load factor, (2) rate of descent, (3) component strength test, (4) staged deployment, and (5) environmental conditions. The installation design requirements are specified for the following: (1) coordination, (2) weight and balance, (3) system mounting, (4) extraction performance, (5) parachute attachment to the airframe, (6) activating housing routing, and (7) occupant restraint. Other requirements such as system function and operations and product marking are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for airframes. Airframe emergency parachutes addressed in this standard refer to parachute systems designed, manufactured, and installed to recover the airframe and its occupants at a survivable rate of descent. This standard is not applicable to deep-stall parachutes, spin recovery parachutes, drogue parachutes, or other airframe emergency aerodynamic decelerators not specifically intended for safely lowering the airframe and occupants to the ground. The standard is applicable to these types of parachutes if they are an integral part of an airframe emergency parachute system designed to recover the airframe and occupants at a survivable rate of descent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. There may be values given in parentheses that are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. Values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Note that within the aviation community mixed units are appropriate in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agreements. While the values stated in SI units are regarded as standard, certain values such as airspeeds in knots and altitude in feet are also accepted as standard.
1.3 Airframe emergency parachute recovery systems have become an acceptable means of greatly reducing the likelihood of serious injury or death in an in-flight emergency. Even though they have saved hundreds of lives in many different types of conditions, inherent danger of failure, even if properly designed, manufactured and installed, remains due to the countless permutations of random variables (attitude, altitude, accelerations, airspeed, weight, geographic location, etc.) that may exist at time of usage. The combination of these variables may negatively influence the life saving function of these airframe emergency parachute systems. They are designed to be a supplemental safety device and to be used at the discretion of the pilot when deemed to provide the best chance of survivability.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect the process that an organization would go through in order to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.
These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and procedures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.
Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package of any given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agency’s jurisdiction.
Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanations provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, determining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declaration of compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but does not present technical or business requirements that must be met.
1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.
The intended use of standard is to provide a basis for an internal or external entity to develop an audit program. An audit program defines specific requirements for the execution of audits for a particular objective. An example of an audit program would be an external (third party) audit of LSA manufacturer’s quality assurance system.
Compliance to this standard would insure that audit programs and those who develop and execute them are following a consensus set of minimum requirements.
This standard does not mandate either internal or external audits.
An auditing entity cannot request or approve an audit.
Other Audit Criteria—Other audit criteria may be included in the audit scope if specified in the audit plan. Examples include safety, technical, operational, and management requirements. Items that are outside the scope of auditable criteria may be submitted as observations for possible resolution. However these are not binding and are not mandatory.
Additional Services—Additional services are outside the scope of an audit objective. Examples of such services are consultation to resolve negative or open findings or any other service where the auditing entity conducts an activity other than an audit for the audited entity.
Compliance Assurance—An audit is only an indicator of the compliance health of the facility and/or organization during only the period under review and therefore has limited compliance assurance and is not assumed to be exhaustive.
Level of Review is Variable—The audit scope may vary to meet different audit objectives. For example, the audit scope may include only selected audit criteria, selected period under review, or selected portions of a facility or organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for auditing programs, methods, and systems, the responsibilities for all parties involved, and qualifications for entities conducting audits against ASTM standards on Light Sport Aircraft.
1.2 This standard provides requirements to enable consistent and structured examination of objective evidence for compliance that is beneficial for the LSA industry and its consumers. It is the intent of this standard to provide the necessary minimum requirements for organizations to develop audit programs and procedures.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of airframe emergency parachutes for light sport aircraft. Materials used for parts and assemblies, shall meet the conditions specified for (1) suitability and durability, (2) strength and other properties assumed in the design data, and (3) effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, expected in service. Parachute model designations shall include the following: (1) parachute system parts list, (2) new parachutes model designations, (3) design changes, and (4) installation design changes. The strength requirements shall be specified in terms of limit loads and ultimate loads. The following minimum performance standards for the basic parachute system design shall be met: (1) parachute strength test to determine the ultimate load factor, (2) rate of descent, (3) component strength test, (4) staged deployment, and (5) environmental conditions. The installation design requirements are specified for the following: (1) coordination, (2) weight and balance, (3) system mounting, (4) extraction performance, (5) parachute attachment to the airframe, (6) activating housing routing, and (7) occupant restraint. Other requirements such as system function and operations and product marking are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for light sport aircraft.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. There may be values given in parentheses that are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. Values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Note that within the aviation community mixed units are appropriate in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agreements. While the values stated in SI units are regarded as standard, certain values such as airspeeds in knots and altitude in feet are also accepted as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines.
Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight-testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturer's guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating compression ignition engines for light sport aircraft, Visual Flight Rules (VFR) use.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design of a recreational airpark intended to service any aircraft with specified stall speed. Recreational Airparks may provide commercial services in support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft, including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductory flights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services. An airpark site should take into consideration the need to ensure safe approaches and departures of aircraft. Each facility shall have a means by which a person can contact an appropriate authority in case of an emergency. One example would be a public phone. Each facility shall have a functioning wind sock. Runway location and orientation are important to airport safety, efficiency, economics, and environmental impact. The threshold should be located at the beginning of the marked runway surface. Fuel storage facilities are required to be placed in a location outside of the runway and taxiway safety areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design of a recreational airpark intended to service any aircraft with stall speeds (Vs1) of 45 knots or less. These aircraft include but are not limited to, standard category aircraft, light sport aircraft, ultralights, microlights, and advanced ultralights
1.2 Recreational airparks are designed for daylight operations from 60 min before official sunrise to 60 min after official sunset.
1.3 Recreational Airparks may provide commercial services in support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft, including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductory flights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the instructions a kit producer must provide to a consumer in order to assemble and safely flight-test a recreational aircraft to ensure compliance with applicable ASTM standards. The instructions prescribe the necessary mechanical skills or training, or both, required for successful completion of the kit, as well as necessary tooling, fixtures, inspections, measurements, and other pertinent items required for successful completion of the kit. The kit assembly instructions (KAI) shall include at least the following information: (1) Revisions; (2) Introduction and instructions for using the KAI; (3) Table of Contents; (4) Safety Summary; (5) Applicable standards and specifications; (6) Terminology; (7) Required consumer abilities and responsibilities; (8) Required equipment and environmental conditions; (9) Parts list; (10) Assembly operations; (11) Final assembly Inspections; (12) Flight-test procedures; and (13) Additional requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instructions a kit producer must provide to a consumer in order to assemble and safely flight-test a recreational aircraft to ensure compliance with applicable ASTM standards.
1.2 The instructions prescribe the necessary mechanical skills or training, or both, required for successful completion of the kit, as well as necessary tooling, fixtures, inspections, measurements, and other pertinent items required for successful completion of the kit. Proof of compliance with these instructions may be vital for obtaining flight authorizations from the applicable CAA.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. The propeller may not have design features that have been shown to be hazardous or unreliable unless the suitability of each questionable design detail or part can be established by tests. Strength testing; stress measurement, fatigue strength, and fatigue analysis, endurance testing, and teardown inspection shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. These propellers are used on light aircraft, and could be used with engines conforming to Practice F2339.  
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of propellers for light sport aircraft.  
1.3 This specification does not address the airframe installation requirements for propellers.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. The propeller may not have design features that have been shown to be hazardous or unreliable unless the suitability of each questionable design detail or part can be established by tests. Strength testing; stress measurement, fatigue strength, and fatigue analysis, endurance testing, and teardown inspection shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. These propellers are used on light aircraft, and could be used with engines conforming to Practice F2339.
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of propellers for light sport aircraft.
1.3 This specification does not address the airframe installation requirements for propellers.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines.
Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers' guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, VFR use.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of airframe emergency parachutes for light sport aircraft. Materials used for parts and assemblies, shall meet the conditions specified for (1) suitability and durability, (2) strength and other properties assumed in the design data, and (3) effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, expected in service. Parachute model designations shall include the following: (1) parachute system parts list, (2) new parachutes model designations, (3) design changes, and (4) installation design changes. The strength requirements shall be specified in terms of limit loads and ultimate loads. The following minimum performance standards for the basic parachute system design shall be met: (1) parachute strength test to determine the ultimate load factor, (2) rate of descent, (3) component strength test, (4) staged deployment, and (5) environmental conditions. The installation design requirements are specified for the following: (1) coordination, (2) weight and balance, (3) system mounting, (4) extraction performance, (5) parachute attachment to the airframe, (6) activating housing routing, and (7) occupant restraint. Other requirements such as system function and operations and product marking are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for light sport aircraft.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. There may be values given in parentheses that are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. Values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Note that within the aviation community mixed units are appropriate in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agreements. While the values stated in SI units are regarded as standard, certain values such as airspeeds in knots and altitude in feet are also accepted as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines.
Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight-testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturer’guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating compression ignition engines for light sport aircraft, Visual Flight Rules (VFR) use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. The propeller may not have design features that have been shown to be hazardous or unreliable unless the suitability of each questionable design detail or part can be established by tests. Strength testing; stress measurement, fatigue strength, and fatigue analysis, endurance testing, and teardown inspection shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the minimum requirements for the design, testing, and quality assurance of fixed-pitch or ground adjustable propellers for light sport aircraft. These propellers are used on light aircraft, and could be used with engines conforming to Practice F 2339.
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of propellers for light sport aircraft.
1.3 This specification does not address the airframe installation requirements for propellers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating compression ignition engines for light sport aircraft, day Visual Flight Rules (VFR) use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for light sport aircraft.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the instructions a kit producer must provide to a consumer in order to assemble and safely flight-test a recreational aircraft to ensure compliance with applicable ASTM standards. The instructions prescribe the necessary mechanical skills or training, or both, required for successful completion of the kit, as well as necessary tooling, fixtures, inspections, measurements, and other pertinent items required for successful completion of the kit. The kit assembly instructions (KAI) shall include at least the following information: (1) Revisions; (2) Introduction and instructions for using the KAI; (3) Table of Contents; (4) Safety Summary; (5) Applicable standards and specifications; (6) Terminology; (7) Required consumer abilities and responsibilities; (8) Required equipment and environmental conditions; (9) Parts list; (10) Assembly operations; (11) Final assembly Inspections; (12) Flight-test procedures; and (13) Additional requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instructions a kit producer must provide to a consumer in order to assemble and safely flight-test a recreational aircraft to ensure compliance with applicable ASTM standards.
1.2 The instructions prescribe the necessary mechanical skills or training, or both, required for successful completion of the kit, as well as necessary tooling, fixtures, inspections, measurements, and other pertinent items required for successful completion of the kit. Proof of compliance with these instructions may be vital for obtaining flight authorizations from the applicable CAA.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, VFR use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design of a recreational airpark intended to service any aircraft with specified stall speed. Recreational Airparks may provide commercial services in support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft, including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductory flights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services. An airpark site should take into consideration the need to ensure safe approaches and departures of aircraft. Each facility shall have a means by which a person can contact an appropriate authority in case of an emergency. One example would be a public phone. Each facility shall have a functioning wind sock. Runway location and orientation are important to airport safety, efficiency, economics, and environmental impact. The threshold should be located at the beginning of the marked runway surface. Fuel storage facilities are required to be placed in a location outside of the runway and taxiway safety areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design of a recreational airpark intended to service any aircraft with stall speeds (Vs1) of 45 knots or less. These aircraft include but are not limited to, standard category aircraft, light sport aircraft, ultralights, microlights, and advanced ultralights
1.2 Recreational airparks are designed for daylight operations from 60 min before official sunrise to 60 min after official sunset.
1.3 Recreational Airparks may provide commercial services in support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft, including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductory flights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, day VFR use.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to provide guidance to owners, mechanics, airports, regulatory officials, and aircraft and component manufacturers who may accomplish maintenance, repairs, and alterations on a light sport aircraft. In addition, this practice covers the format and content of maintenance manuals and instructions for the maintenance, repair, and alteration of an LSA.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for the qualifications to accomplish the various levels of maintenance on U.S.-certificated experimental and special light sport aircraft. In addition, it provides the content and structure of maintenance manuals for aircraft and their components that are operated as light sport aircraft.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, day VFR use.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for light sport aircraft.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for a quality assurance system for manufacturers of Light Sport Aircraft or Light Sport Aircraft kits, or both.  
1.2 This standard applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification established the minimum requirements for a quality assurance system for manufacturers of Light Sport Aircraft or Light Sport Aircraft kits, or both.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft, this specification was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design of a recreational airpark intended to service any aircraft with specified stall speed. Recreational Airparks may provide commercial services in support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft, including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductory flights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services. An airpark site should take into consideration the need to ensure safe approaches and departures of aircraft. Each facility shall have a means by which a person can contact an appropriate authority in case of an emergency. One example would be a public phone. Each facility shall have a functioning wind sock. Runway location and orientation are important to airport safety, efficiency, economics, and environmental impact. The threshold should be located at the beginning of the marked runway surface. Fuel storage facilities are required to be placed in a location outside of the runway and taxiway safety areas.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design of a recreational airpark intended to service any aircraft with stall speeds (Vs1) of 45 knots or less. These aircraft include but are not limited to, standard category aircraft, light sport aircraft, ultralights, microlights, and advanced ultralights  
1.2 Recreational airparks are designed for daylight operations from 60 min before official sunrise to 60 min after official sunset.  
1.3 Recreational Airparks may provide commercial services in support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft, including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductory flights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covered the minimum requirements for the design of a recreational airpark intended to service any aircraft with stall speeds (Vs1) of 45 knots or less. These aircraft included but were not limited to, standard category aircraft, light sport aircraft, ultralights, microlights, and advanced ultralights.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft, this specification was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.