D33.09 - Protective Lining for Air Quality Control Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.  
3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heat alone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradient that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical or chemical effects.  
3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels.  
3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature exposure, and  
1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature exposure.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Periodic inspections are essential to evaluate lining performance, to detect existing damage potential problems, and to plan scheduled maintenance. The frequency of these inspections may diminish or increase with time depending upon lining performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting inspections of the conditions of various linings in operating Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system components.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems that will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbed gas that has been reheated well above the water dew point.  
3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areas within the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures at or below the water dew point.  
3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combined effects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does not produce the thermal gradient through the lining that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be affected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and other chemicals that may be present in the flue gas.  
3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels that are cycled from room temperature to a designated elevated temperature.  
3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lower temperatures, including freezing, may be considered if applicable.  
3.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %, recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to the equilibrium at the selected test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization equipment, including absorber, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork, and associated equipment intended for use in protective lining applications, that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both. It does not however cover the structural performance of the components and the use of metallic linings. Each of the components shall be designed in such a way that it conforms to the engineering requirements for rigidity wherein the effects of pressure, wind, seismic, and other design loads shall be considered; accessability to welding, grinding, surface preparation, and lining application; shell penetrations; appurtenances inside components such as agitators, anti-swirl baffles, gaging devices, internal piping, ladders, and support brackets; and structural reinforcement members and supports. All internal welds shall be continuous without imperfections and the degree of weld preparation prior to lining shall depend on the type of lining to be applied. Riveted joints and internal bolted joints shall not be used while lap bolted joints shall be avoided whenever possible. Intermittent or spot welding shall not be permitted as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork and associated equipment that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.  
1.2 Limitations:  
1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design considerations for successful application and performance of protective linings for FGD system components.  
1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD components.  
1.2.3 It does not cover use of metallic linings.  
1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements for lining work. In cases in which the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations differ from this specification, these differences shall be resolved before fabrication is started.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The storage of corrosive or abrasive solutions or suspensions requires that the metal surface of storage tanks, large pipes, or holding vessels be lined with a material that resists such action. Vulcanized rubber that is securely adhered to the tank or other metal surface imparts such resistance. An integral part of the installation of such linings is the vulcanization operation that produces proper mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and sufficient rubber-to-metal adhesion.  
4.2 Service conditions will dictate what type of rubber is used. Also, the service conditions will determine the proper thickness of the rubber and the particular compound or compounds used in a lining. For example: temperatures over 140°F (60°C) typically require a thickness of 1/4 in. (6.35 mm). Some service conditions that have a solution composed of several chemicals may require different layers of rubber compounds. Within these layers, the hardness or durometer of the rubber may be changed as well to provide the longest service life of the rubber lining. Consult with the rubber lining manufacturer when selecting the rubber lining system and preparing application specifications and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the techniques used to install rubber lining sheet stock in metal tanks, pipes, and other components. Installation requirements, procedures, inspection instructions, and storage conditions for the lined tanks or equipment are outlined.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.  
3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heat alone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradient that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical or chemical effects.  
3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels.  
3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature exposure, and  
1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature exposure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems that will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbed gas that has been reheated well above the water dew point.  
3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areas within the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures at or below the water dew point.  
3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combined effects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does not produce the thermal gradient through the lining that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be affected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and other chemicals that may be present in the flue gas.  
3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels that are cycled from room temperature to a designated elevated temperature.  
3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lower temperatures, including freezing, may be considered if applicable.  
3.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %, recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to the equilibrium at the selected test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Periodic inspections are essential to evaluate lining performance, to detect existing damage potential problems, and to plan scheduled maintenance. The frequency of these inspections may diminish or increase with time depending upon lining performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting inspections of the conditions of various linings in operating Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system components.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The storage of corrosive or abrasive solutions or suspensions requires that the metal surface of storage tanks, large pipes, or holding vessels be lined with a material that resists such action. Vulcanized rubber that is securely adhered to the tank or other metal surface imparts such resistance. An integral part of the installation of such linings is the vulcanization operation that produces proper mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and sufficient rubber-to-metal adhesion.
Service conditions will dictate what type of rubber is used. Also, the service conditions will determine the proper thickness of the rubber and the particular compound or compounds used in a lining. For example: temperatures over 140°F (60°C) typically require a thickness of ¼ in. (6.35 mm). Some service conditions that have a solution composed of several chemicals may require different layers of rubber compounds. Within these layers, the hardness or durometer of the rubber may be changed as well to provide the longest service life of the rubber lining. Consult with the rubber lining manufacturer when selecting the rubber lining system and preparing application specifications and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the techniques used to install rubber lining sheet stock in metal tanks, pipes, and other components. Installation requirements, procedures, inspection instructions, and storage conditions for the lined tanks or equipment are outlined.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization equipment, including absorber, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork, and associated equipment intended for use in protective lining applications, that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both. It does not however cover the structural performance of the components and the use of metallic linings. Each of the components shall be designed in such a way that it conforms to the engineering requirements for rigidity wherein the effects of pressure, wind, seismic, and other design loads shall be considered; accessability to welding, grinding, surface preparation, and lining application; shell penetrations; appurtenances inside components such as agitators, anti-swirl baffles, gaging devices, internal piping, ladders, and support brackets; and structural reinforcement members and supports. All internal welds shall be continuous without imperfections and the degree of weld preparation prior to lining shall depend on the type of lining to be applied. Riveted joints and internal bolted joints shall not be used while lap bolted joints shall be avoided whenever possible. Intermittent or spot welding shall not be permitted as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork and associated equipment that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.
1.2 Limitations:  
1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design considerations for successful application and performance of protective linings for FGD system components.
1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD components.
1.2.3 It does not cover use of metallic linings.
1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements for lining work. In cases in which the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations differ from this specification, these differences shall be resolved before fabrication is started.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization equipment, including absorber, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork, and associated equipment intended for use in protective lining applications, that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both. It does not however cover the structural performance of the components and the use of metallic linings. Each of the components shall be designed in such a way that it conforms to the engineering requirements for rigidity wherein the effects of pressure, wind, seismic, and other design loads shall be considered; accessability to welding, grinding, surface preparation, and lining application; shell penetrations; appurtenances inside components such as agitators, anti-swirl baffles, gaging devices, internal piping, ladders, and support brackets; and structural reinforcement members and supports. All internal welds shall be continuous without imperfections and the degree of weld preparation prior to lining shall depend on the type of lining to be applied. Riveted joints and internal bolted joints shall not be used while lap bolted joints shall be avoided whenever possible. Intermittent or spot welding shall not be permitted as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork and associated equipment that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.
1.2 Limitations:  
1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design considerations for successful application and performance of protective linings for FGD system components.
1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD components.
1.2.3 It does not cover use of metallic linings.
1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements for lining work. In cases where the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations differ from this specification, these differences must be resolved before fabrication is started.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The results obtained by these test methods can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.
These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heat alone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradient that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical or chemical effects.
These methods evaluate major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels.
The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°F) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows:
1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature exposure, and
1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature exposure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The results obtained by this test method can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems that will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbed gas that has been reheated well above the water dew point.
3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areas within the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures at or below the water dew point.
This test method is intended to evaluate the combined effects of heat and exposure to sulfuric acid upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does not produce the thermal gradient through the lining that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be affected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and other chemicals that may be present in the flue gas.
This test method evaluates major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels that are cycled from room temperature to a designated elevated temperature.
The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lower temperatures, including freezing, may be considered if applicable.
The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %, recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to the equilibrium at the selected test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 this test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. the values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Periodic inspections are essential to evaluate lining performance, to detect existing damage potential problems, and to plan scheduled maintenance. The frequency of these inspections may diminish or increase with time depending upon lining performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting inspections of the conditions of various linings in operating Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system components.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization equipment, including absorber, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork, and associated equipment intended for use in protective lining applications, that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both. It does not however cover the structural performance of the components and the use of metallic linings. Each of the components shall be designed in such a way that it conforms to the engineering requirements for rigidity wherein the effects of pressure, wind, seismic, and other design loads shall be considered; accessability to welding, grinding, surface preparation, and lining application; shell penetrations; appurtenances inside components such as agitators, anti-swirl baffles, gaging devices, internal piping, ladders, and support brackets; and structural reinforcement members and supports. All internal welds shall be continuous without imperfections and the degree of weld preparation prior to lining shall depend on the type of lining to be applied. Riveted joints and internal bolted joints shall not be used while lap bolted joints shall be avoided whenever possible. Intermittent or spot welding shall not be permitted as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork and associated equipment that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.
1.2 Limitations
1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design considerations for successful application and performance of protective linings for FGD system components.
1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD components.
1.2.3 It does not cover use of metallic linings.
1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements for lining work. In cases where the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations differ from this specification, these differences must be resolved before fabrication is started.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows: Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature exposure, and Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature exposure.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 this test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acid resistance at elevated temperatures of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. the values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork and associated equipment that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.  
1.2 Limitations  
1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design considerations for successful application and performance of protective linings for FGD system components.
1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD components.
1.2.3 It does not cover use of metalic linings.
1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements for lining work. In cases where the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations differ from this specification, these differences must be resolved before fabrication is started.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting inspections of the conditions of various linings in operating Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system components.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.