ASTM C1407-98(2016)

Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Fireclay steel-teeming nozzles and sleeves are classified by volume reheat change. Bloating of some refractories results in irregular reheat dimensions, which are difficult to measure. This practice determines the volume without depending upon physical linear measurements.  
3.2 Blast furnace checkers that have irregular cross-sections are classified by “creep properties.” This practice determines the average cross-sectional area without requiring area measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the methods of calculating areas, volumes, and linear changes of irregularly shaped refractory specimens.  
1.2 Areas of irregular (both conventional and shaped) specimens are required for determining the creep of certain refractory products.  
1.3 Linear and volume changes or irregularly shaped refractories are required for determining reheat change.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2016
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1407 − 98 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory
Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1407; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Blast furnace checkers that have irregular cross-sections
are classified by “creep properties.” This practice determines
1.1 This practice covers the methods of calculating areas,
the average cross-sectional area without requiring area mea-
volumes, and linear changes of irregularly shaped refractory
surements.
specimens.
1.2 Areas of irregular (both conventional and shaped) speci-
4. Procedure
mens are required for determining the creep of certain refrac-
4.1 The test specimens shall have their volume (V ) pre-
A
tory products.
determined using the standard procedure described in Test
1.3 Linear and volume changes or irregularly shaped refrac-
Methods C20 or C830.
tories are required for determining reheat change.
4.2 Dry the specimens to constant weight.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.3 Weigh the specimens to the nearest 0.1 g and record as
standard.
W.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.4 If the specimens have parallel faces (such as ground
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surfaces for applying load for creep data) measure the length to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and record as L.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Calculation
5.1 Area of Creep Specimens (Irregular Cross-Sections):
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1
2.1 ASTM Standards:
volume V C20 or C830 cm
~ ! ~ !
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption,
2 24 2
area ~A! 5 5 cm ~10 m ! (1)
length~L! ~cm!
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
5.1.2
C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid
weight W g
~ ! ~ !
Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density 3 26 3
volume~V! 5 5 cm ~10 m ! (2)
bulk density ~g/cm !
of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
5.1.3 Illustration:
3. Significance and Use
Weight (W) = 375.2 g
3 3
Bulk Density = 2.56 g/cm (Mg/m )
3.1 Fireclay steel-teeming nozzles and sleeves are classified
–2
Length (L) = 10.795 cm (10 m)
by volume reheat change. Bloating of some refractories results
in irregular reheat dimensions, which are difficult to measure. 375.2
3 26 3
V 5 5 146.56 cm 10 m (3)
~ !
This practice determines the volume without depending upon 2.56
physical linear measurements.
Volume 146.56
2 24 2
A 5 5 5 13.58 cm ~10 m ! (4)
Length 10.795 ~10 m!
5.2 Volume Change of Reheat Specimens:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
V 2 V
B A
Current edition
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C1407 − 98 (Reapproved 2011) C1407 − 98 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory
Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1407; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 4.4 was corrected editorially in October 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the methods of calculating areas, volumes, and linear changes of irregularly shaped refractory
specimens.
1.2 Areas of irregular (both conventional and shaped) specimens are required for determining the creep of certain refractory
products.
1.3 Linear and volume changes or irregularly shaped refractories are required for determining reheat change.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes
by Vacuum Pressure
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Fireclay steel-teeming nozzles and sleeves are classified by volume reheat change. Bloating of some refractories results in
irregular reheat dimensions, which are difficult to measure. This practice determines the volume without depending upon physical
linear measurements.
3.2 Blast furnace checkers that have irregular cross-sections are classified by “creep properties.” This practice determines the
average cross-sectional area without requiring area measurements.
4. Procedure
4.1 The test specimens shall have their volume (V ) pre-determined using the standard procedure described in Test Methods C20
A
or C830.
4.2 Dry the specimens to constant weight.
4.3 Weigh the specimens to the nearest 0.1 g and record as W.
4.4 If the specimens have parallel faces (such as ground surfaces for applying load for creep data) measure the length to the
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and record as L.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011June 1, 2016. Published October 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
C1407 - 98C1407 – 98(2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/C1407-98R11.10.1520/C1407-98R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the st
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