ASTM C134-95(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnace construction and should not deviate significantly from the intended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, flat surfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularly suited for use under field conditions and provide a means to determine whether the brick meets the requirements considered necessary to assure a satisfactory refractory construction.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size, dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and squareness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular insulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk density of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack height is generally determined only for dense refractories.
Note 1: Test Methods C830 and Test Method C914 are also used to determine bulk density of refractory brick, by different procedures.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections
Size and Bulk Density
4 through 7
Warpage of Refractory Brick
8 through 10
Squareness of Refractory Brick
11 through 14
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C134 − 95 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Methods for
Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of
Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption,
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size,
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and square-
C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid
ness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular
Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density
insulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk density
of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack
C914 Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid
height is generally determined only for dense refractories.
Refractories by Wax Immersion
NOTE 1—Test Methods C830 and Test Method C914 are also used to
determine bulk density of refractory brick, by different procedures.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
3.1 Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnace
Sections
construction and should not deviate significantly from the
Size and Bulk Density 4 through 7
intended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, flat
Warpage of Refractory Brick 8 through 10
Squareness of Refractory Brick 11 through 14
surfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularly
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded suited for use under field conditions and provide a means to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical determine whether the brick meets the requirements considered
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only necessary to assure a satisfactory refractory construction.
and are not considered standard.
SIZE AND BULK DENSITY
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Rule, steel, hook, 12 in. (305 mm) in length, graduated
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in 0.02-in. (0.5 mm) divisions, for use in measuring individual
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
brick. The rule has a rigid hardened steel hook consisting of a
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
right-angled piece on one end to fix the zero point of the scale
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
against one face of the brick. The hook is about ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in width and extends about ⁄4 in. beyond the back face or,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
preferably, the edge of the rule.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 Rule, stiff steel, hook, 36 in. (914 mm) in length,
graduated from each end in 0.02-in. (0.5 mm) divisions, for use
2. Referenced Documents
in measuring stack height and the larger individual brick. The
2.1 ASTM Standards:
36-in. rule has the same design as the 12-in. (305 mm) rule.
NOTE 2—Check the hook rules periodically to determine that they have
not become worn or distorted in use. Other measuring equipment may be
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
used, provided the results are at least as accurate as those obtained with
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
the hook rule.
Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
4.3 Weighing Scale, having a capacity of 20 lb (9 kg) or
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C134 – 95 (2016).
more and a sensitivity under load of at least 0.01 lb (4.5 g).
DOI: 10.1520/C0134-95R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Sampling
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1 A sample consists of ten brick selected at random.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C134 − 95 (2023)
5.2 Preparation of Specimens—Remove any blisters or fins WARPAGE OF REFRACTORY BRICK
from the specimens by lightly rubbing them together. Omit this
8. Apparatus
step in the case of insulating firebrick.
8.1 Steel Straightedge, stiff, having sufficient length to span
the diagonal of the largest shape to be measured, and graduated
6. Procedure
in 0.02-in. (0.5 mm) divisions.
6.1 Length and Width—Measure the length and width of
8.2 Measuring Wedges, two, steel, 2.5-in. (64 mm) long by
each of the ten specimens across the middle of each of the faces
0.5 in. (13 mm) wide by 0.5 in. thick at one end, and tapered
of largest area to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm). Make and
from a line 0.5 in. from one end to zero thickness at the other
record the individual measurements of the two opposite faces
end. The wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the
of each specimen.
slope to show the thickness of the wedge between base AB and
6.2 Thickness—Determine the thickness of insulating fire-
slope AC in 0.02-in. (0.5 mm) divisions (Fig. 1).
brick and record in the same manner as the length and width,
8.2.1 Similar Wedges, of equivalent size and slope (that is,
as indicated in 6.1. Make the thickness measurements at the rising 1 mm vertically for each 4 mm horizontally), and
centers of the longer sides of the brick. Determine the thickness graduated along the slope to show the thickness of the wedge
of dense refractory brick in the same manner or, when required between base AB and the slope AC in SI units may be
by specification, calculate the average thickness from the stack employed in conjunction with a straightedge calibrated in SI
units.
height determined as in 6.3.
6.3 Stack Height—Stack the ten specimens vertically on a
9. Procedure
plane surface with their faces of largest area together to form a
9.1 Measuring a Concave Surface:
smooth column, without regard to the position of any brand
9.1.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of a
marks on the specimens. Measure the height of the stack to the
concave surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with the
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) from the plane surface to the top of
graduated straightedge. Place the straightedge across the di-
the stack at the center of each side. Record the individual
agonal. Insert the wedge (Fig. 2) at the point of maximum
measurements of the four sides of the stack.
warpage, and record the maximum obtainable reading to the
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
6.4 Weight—Dry at 230 °F (110 °C), cool, and weigh each
9.1.2 Repeat the procedure in 9.1.1 for the other diagonal.
of the specimens to the nearest 0.01 lb (4.5 g), and record the
weight.
9.2 Measuring a Convex Surface:
9.2.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of a
7. Calculation and Report convex surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with a caliper or
hook rule. Place the straightedge across the diagonal, and insert
7.1 Size—Report the individual measurements and the cal-
one wedge at each end of the straightedge (Fig. 3). Adjust the
culated average for the two individual measurements for
wedges so that equal readings are obtain
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