ASTM D8196-20

Standard Practice for Determination of Water Activity (<emph type="ital">a<inf>w</inf ></emph>) in Cannabis Flower

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is designed for use on cannabis flower by cannabis producers, processors, dispensers, testing laboratories, and end users. aw testing at any point in the supply chain is an important element in ensuring the safety and quality of cannabis flower. Testing can occur spontaneously at any point in the supply chain by regulatory agencies, suppliers, and customers.  
5.2 This practice is an important endpoint in determining whether a cannabis flower sample is being stored under optimal storage conditions (see Specification D8197).  
5.3 Analysis of water activity should be considered an important quality control step in ensuring a cannabis flower sample is being stored under optimal storage conditions to prevent mold and/or other microbiological growth and/or breakage.  
5.4 Maintaining the requisite aw throughout the supply chain from completion of drying through merchandising ensures safety and quality for the consumer.  
5.5 Water activity is used in many cases as a critical control point for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs. Controlling aw should not be seen as a kill step.5 Rather control of aw focuses on preventing the growth and proliferation of microorganisms.  
5.6 This practice is designed for use by trained technical individuals with minimal knowledge of complex analytical chemistry procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the recommended procedure for determining the water activity (aw) of a cannabis flower sample.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Water activity is a ratio, and thus is without unit designation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 65.020.20 - Plant growing
• Technical Committee: D37 - Cannabis
• Drafting Committee: D37.04 - Processing and Handling

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8196 − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Determination of Water Activity (a ) in Cannabis Flower
w
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The concept of water activity is more than 50 years old. For many years, researchers tried to equate
bacterial growth potential with water content. William Jones Scott showed in 1953 that microorgan-
2
isms have a limiting a level for growth (1), thus being the first to establish that bacterial growth
w
correlated with water activity, not water content of organic materials. It is now generally accepted that
a is more closely related to the microbial, chemical, and physical properties of foods and other
w
natural products than is total moisture (2). It is firmly established that growth of specific microbes is
inhibited at or below specific water activity values (3).
Totalwatercontent(moisture)measurementsdonotnecessarilyreflectwateravailableformicrobial
growth and thus are an inaccurate means for controlling microbial growth, because the water content
sufficientformicrobialgrowthisdependentonthesubstancebeingtested.Wateractivitymeasurement
is more accurate than total water content (moisture) measurement as it relates directly to the water
available to microbes. Safe a levels are constant relative to particular microbes, regardless of the
w
substance being tested.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the recommended procedure for
D8197 Specification for Maintaining Acceptable Water Ac-
determining the water activity (a ) of a cannabis flower
w
tivity (a ) Range (0.55 to 0.65) for Dry Cannabis Flower
sample.
w
3. Terminology
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as the standard. Water activity is a ratio, and thus is without
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
unit designation.
3.1.1 cannabis flower, n—the flowering or fruiting tops of
the cannabis plant (excluding seeds and leaves when not
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
accompaniedbyfloweringorfruitingtop)fromwhichtheresin
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
has not been extracted. (adapted from the UN Single Conven-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
tion on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 )
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 cultivator container, n—packaging used by cannabis
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- grower/harvestertostoreand/orshipproductinlargequantities
after drying.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3 dispensary container, n—packaging used by a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cannabis-dispensing establishment to provide the cannabis
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
flower consumer a satisfactory storage container.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.4 packager container, n—packaging used by the pack-
ager to store and ship product to dispensing establishments.
3.1.5 water activity, a ,n—the partial vapor pressure of
w
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D37 on Cannabis
water in a substance divided by the partial vapor pressure of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D37.04 on Processing and
Handling.
3
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8196 – 18. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D8196-20. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the ASTM website.
4
this standard. www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1961_en.pdf, p1, accessed 2018.01.23
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D8196 − 20
pure water at the same temperature which is calculated by relative humidity) in a temperature range of 15 to 50 °C
dividingthepartialvaporpressureofwaterinthesubstance(P) (typically 25 °C) that has minimal drafts.
by the partial vapor pressure of pure water at the same
7.2 Personnel shall be trained in the proper handling of
temperature
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8196 − 18 D8196 − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Determination of Water Activity (a ) in Cannabis Flower
w
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The concept of water activity is more than 50 years old. For many years, researchers tried to equate
bacterial growth potential with water content. William Jones Scott showed in 1953 that microorgan-
2
isms have a limiting a level for growth,growth (1), thus being the first to establish that bacterial
w
growth correlated with water activity, not water content of organic materials. It is now generally
accepted that a is more closely related to the microbial, chemical, and physical properties of foods
w
and other natural products than is total moisture.moisture (2). It is firmly established that growth of
specific microbes is inhibited at or below specific water activity values.values (3).
Total water content (moisture) measurements do not necessarily reflect water available for microbial
growth and thus are an inaccurate means for controlling microbial growth, because the water content
sufficient for microbial growth is dependent on the substance being tested. Water activity measurement
is more accurate than total water content (moisture) measurement as it relates directly to the water
available to microbes. Safe a levels are constant relative to particular microbes, regardless of the
w
substance being tested.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the recommended procedure for determining the water activity (a ) of a cannabis flower sample.
w
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Water activity is a ratio, and thus is without unit
designation.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D37 on Cannabis and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D37.04 on Processing and Handling.
Current edition approved May 15, 2018Dec. 1, 2020. Published May 2018December 2020. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8196
– 18. DOI: 10.1520/D8196-18.10.1520/D8196-20.
2
Scott, W.J., Water relations of Staphylococcus aureus at 30°. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences6, 1953, pp 549-564.The boldface numbers in parentheses refer
to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8196 − 20
D8197 Specification for Maintaining Acceptable Water Activity (a ) Range (0.55 to 0.65) for Dry Cannabis Flower
w
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 cannabis flower, n—the flowering or fruiting tops of the cannabis plant (excluding seeds and leaves when not accompanied
by flowering or fruiting top) from which the resin has not been extracted. (adapted from the UN Single Convention on Narcotic
4
Drugs, 1961 )
3.1.2 cultivator container, n—packaging used by cannabis grower/harvester to store and/or ship product in large quantities after
drying.
3.1.3 dispensary container, n—packaging used by a cannabis-dispensing establishment to provide the cannabis flower consumer
a satisfactory storage container.
3.1.4 packager container, n—packaging used by the packager to store and ship product to dispensing establishments.
3.1.5 water activity, a ,n—t
...