ASTM E3002-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Assessing the Comparative Efficacy of Products Used for the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) on Skin
Standard Practice for Assessing the Comparative Efficacy of Products Used for the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) on Skin
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice specifies an in-vivo measurement of CWA decontamination on the skin.
4.2 CWA skin decontaminants will have different modes of action including absorption, adsorption, removal, chemical neutralization or some combination of the above. There is, therefore, no single representative in-vitro method for validation of decontamination efficacy of products for skin decontamination. For example, measuring the presence of a radiolabelled chemical warfare agent after chemical neutralization, may give a false positive results. It has been shown that if the agent has been chemically neutralized, the radiolabel may still be present in a non-toxic molecule. In addition, some chemical neutralization methods may break down the original agent, but the breakdown product is highly toxic. In the case of VX, hydrolysis produces a highly toxic product, EA2192 (S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioic acid (8).
4.3 This standard practice is of significance in that efficacy is thoroughly evaluated to the extent possible to represent use on human skin. In-vivo studies have demonstrated that simple chemical monitoring for disappearance of the chemical agent may not be sufficient to measure decontamination and neutralization effectiveness. A standard practice is needed for determining actual decontamination and neutralization by measuring the decrease in mortality or lesion size caused by the agent.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes an in-vivo method for assessing the comparative efficacy of products used for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on the skin.
1.2 This practice provides a quantitative efficacy comparison of different skin decontamination products.
1.3 To minimize the number of animals used, this in-vivo practice should be performed only after rigorous in-vitro studies of the candidate decontaminant, which can show the implied claims including chemical neutralization, decontamination studies on surfaces and appropriate testing such as cytotoxicity.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of decontamination products or CWAs. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3002 − 15
Standard Practice for
Assessing the Comparative Efficacy of Products Used for
the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs)
1
on Skin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.1.1 Discussion—The most common chemical warfare
2
agents are: (1 and 2): (a) nerve agents—tabun (GA), sarin
1.1 Thispracticeestablishesan in-vivomethodforassessing
(GB),soman(GD),cyclosarin(GF),VX;and(b)blisteragents
the comparative efficacy of products used for the decontami-
(or vesicants)—mustard and lewisite.
nation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on the skin.
2.1.2 decontamination, n—the process of physical removal
1.2 This practice provides a quantitative efficacy compari-
or chemical neutralization, or both, of CWAs to decrease or
son of different skin decontamination products.
prevent health effects due to a dermal contamination.
1.3 To minimize the number of animals used, this in-vivo
2.1.3 in-vitro study, n—study or protocol performed outside
practice should be performed only after rigorous in-vitro
of a living organism, either with or without the use of a
studies of the candidate decontaminant, which can show the
biological material.
implied claims including chemical neutralization, decontami-
2.1.4 in-vivo study, n—studyusingawholelivingorganism.
nation studies on surfaces and appropriate testing such as
cytotoxicity. 2.1.5 Organophosphate Agent (OP), n—the general name
forestersofphosphoricacidthataretoxicthroughinhibitionof
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.1.6 Protective Ratio (PR), n—the LD of the decontami-
standard.
50
nated animals divided by the LD of the positive control
50
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(exposed to CWAs and not decontaminated) animals (3-5).
safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of decontami-
2.1.7 vesicant agent—a chemical agent that causes burns
nation products or CWAs. It is the responsibility of the user of
and destruction of tissue.
this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
2.2 Acronyms:
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2.1 GA—common name: Tabun; IUPAC name: (Ethyl
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate): Organophosphate nerve
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
agent.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.2.1.1 Discussion—Thisnerveagentistheeasiesttomanu-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
facture. Consequently, it is more likely that developing coun-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tries start their CW arsenal with this nerve agent whereas
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
industrializedcountriesconsiderTabuntobeout-of-dateandof
limited use.
2. Terminology
2.2.2 GB—common name: Sarin; IUPAC name: ((RS)-
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Propan-2-yl methylphosphonofluoride) Organophosphate
2.1.1 Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA), n—toxic chemicals
nerve agent.
that have been used as chemical weapons, or have been
2.2.2.1 Discussion—GBisavolatilesubstancemainlytaken
developed for use as chemical weapons.
up through inhalation.
2.2.3 GD—common name: Soman; IUPAC name: (O-
Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate Organophosphate nerve
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E54 on Homeland
agent.
Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.01 on
CBRNE Detection and Decontamination.
2
Current edition approved June 15, 2015. Published June 2015. DOI: 10.1520/ The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
E3002-15. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3002 − 15
2.2.3.1 Discussion—Amoderately volatile substance which 4. Significance and Use
can be taken up by inhalation or skin contact.
4.1 This practice specifies an in-vivo measurement of CWA
2.2.4 GF—common name: Cyclohexyl sarin; IUPAC name: decontamination on the skin.
(Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) Organophosphate
4.2 CWAskin decontaminants will have
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3002 − 15
Standard Practice for
Assessing the Comparative Efficacy of Products Used for
the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs)
1
on Skin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.1.1 Discussion—The most common chemical warfare
2
agents are: (1 and 2): (a) nerve agents—tabun (GA), sarin
1.1 This practice establishes an in-vivo method for assessing
(GB), soman (GD), cyclosarin (GF), VX; and (b) blister agents
the comparative efficacy of products used for the decontami-
(or vesicants)—mustard and lewisite.
nation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on the skin.
2.1.2 decontamination, n—the process of physical removal
1.2 This practice provides a quantitative efficacy compari-
or chemical neutralization, or both, of CWAs to decrease or
son of different skin decontamination products.
prevent health effects due to a dermal contamination.
1.3 To minimize the number of animals used, this in-vivo
2.1.3 in-vitro study, n—study or protocol performed outside
practice should be performed only after rigorous in-vitro
of a living organism, either with or without the use of a
studies of the candidate decontaminant, which can show the
biological material.
implied claims including chemical neutralization, decontami-
2.1.4 in-vivo study, n—study using a whole living organism.
nation studies on surfaces and appropriate testing such as
cytotoxicity. 2.1.5 Organophosphate Agent (OP), n—the general name
for esters of phosphoric acid that are toxic through inhibition of
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.1.6 Protective Ratio (PR), n—the LD of the decontami-
standard.
50
nated animals divided by the LD of the positive control
50
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(exposed to CWAs and not decontaminated) animals (3-5).
safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of decontami-
2.1.7 vesicant agent—a chemical agent that causes burns
nation products or CWAs. It is the responsibility of the user of
and destruction of tissue.
this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
2.2 Acronyms:
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2.1 GA—common name: Tabun; IUPAC name: (Ethyl
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate): Organophosphate nerve
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
agent.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.2.1.1 Discussion—This nerve agent is the easiest to manu-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
facture. Consequently, it is more likely that developing coun-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tries start their CW arsenal with this nerve agent whereas
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
industrialized countries consider Tabun to be out-of-date and of
limited use.
2. Terminology
2.2.2 GB—common name: Sarin; IUPAC name: ((RS)-
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Propan-2-yl methylphosphonofluoride) Organophosphate
2.1.1 Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA), n—toxic chemicals
nerve agent.
that have been used as chemical weapons, or have been
2.2.2.1 Discussion—GB is a volatile substance mainly taken
developed for use as chemical weapons.
up through inhalation.
2.2.3 GD—common name: Soman; IUPAC name: (O-
Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate Organophosphate nerve
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Homeland agent.
Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.01 on
CBRNE Detection and Decontamination.
2
Current edition approved June 15, 2015. Published June 2015. DOI: 10.1520/ The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
E3002-15. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3002 − 15
2.2.3.1 Discussion—A moderately volatile substance which 4. Significance and Use
can be taken up by inhalation or skin contact.
4.1 This practice specifies an in-vivo measurement of CWA
2.2.4 GF—common name: Cyclohexyl sarin; IUPAC name: decontamination on the skin.
(Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) Organophosphate
4.2 CWA skin decontaminants will have different modes of
nerve agent.
action including absorption, adsorption, removal, chemical
2
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.