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ASTM D709-13

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials

Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, property requirements, and testing of several grades of laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material such as cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics, bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1—This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The content is significantly different.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2013
ICS
83.140.20 - Laminated sheets
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.07 - Electrical Insulating Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D709-01(2007) - Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D709-16 - Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2016
Referred By
ASTM D2132-23 - Standard Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Referred By
ASTM D618-21 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Referred By
ASTM F992-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Valve Label Plates
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013

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ASTM D709-13 - Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting MaterialsASTM D709-13 - Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D709 −13
StandardSpecification for
1
Laminated Thermosetting Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting mate-
D621 Test Methods for Deformation of Plastics Under Load
rials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing
3
(Withdrawn 1994)
material bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples
D668 TestMethodsofMeasuringDimensionsofRigidRods
of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass
and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
fabric,andsyntheticfiberfabrics.Thesematerialsareavailable
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded
D1180 Method of Test for Warpage of Sheet Plastics (With-
rods.
3
drawn 1988)
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
as the standard.
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-
Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
NOTE 1—This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The
content is significantly different.
D2304 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Elec-
trical Insulating Materials
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
D3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
Electrical Insulating Materials
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
3
rials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
4
2.2 IEEE Standards:
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
1 General Principles forTemperature Limits in the Rating of
to use.
Electric Equipment
2. Referenced Documents
98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the
2
Thermal Evaluation and Establishment of Temperature
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Indices of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials
99 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the
Used for Electrical Insulation
Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electric
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Equipment
Insulating Materials
101 Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test
D348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical
Data
Insulation
5
2.3 NEMA Standards:
D349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for
LI 1-1971 Industrial Laminated Thermosetting Products
Electrical Insulation
LI 5-1969 Temperature Indices of Industrial Thermosetting
Laminates
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
LI 3-1961 High-Temperature Properties of Industrial Ther-
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
mosetting Laminates
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
3
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D709 – 01 (2007). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D0709-13. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300
the ASTM website. N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http://www.nema.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D709−13
6
then ground to size. Molded rods are of two classes made by winding the
2.4 Military Specifications:
impregnated sheet convolutely before molding or by forming strips in the
MIL-P-997 Plastic Material, Laminated, Thermosetting,
molding operation.
Electric Insulation, Sheets,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D709 − 01 (Reapproved 2007) D709 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Laminated Thermosetting Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material
bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and
synthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
NOTE 1—This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The content is significantly different.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
D349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for Electrical Insulation
3
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
3
D621 Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Electrical and Packing Purposes (Withdrawn 2000)
D668 Test Methods of Measuring Dimensions of Rigid Rods and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3
D1180 Method of Test for Warpage of Sheet Plastics (Withdrawn 1988)
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
D2304 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Electrical Insulating Materials
D3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
3
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)
4
2.2 IEEE Standards:
1 General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electric Equipment
98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation and Establishment of Temperature Indices of Solid
Electrical Insulating Materials
99 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electric Equipment
101 Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test Data
5
2.3 NEMA Standards:
LI 1-1971 Industrial Laminated Thermosetting Products
LI 5-1969 Temperature Indices of Industrial Thermosetting Laminates
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2013. Published June 2007November 2013. Originally approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D709 – 01.D709 – 01 (2007). DOI: 10.1520/D0709-01R07.10.1520/D0709-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
5
Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300 N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http://www.nema.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
...

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ASTM D709-17(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, property requirements, and testing of several grades of laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material such as cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics, bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification defines the dimensional tolerances of standard rods, bars, and shapes pultruded from thermosetting glass-reinforced plastics. Tolerances cover dimensional criteria for cross sections, width or diameter, straightness, twist, surface flatness, angularity, and camber.
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1.1 This specification defines production tolerances applicable to standard rods, bars, shapes, and flat sheet pultruded from thermosetting glass-reinforced plastics.  
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ASTM D3479/D3479M-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to yield tensile fatigue data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. The primary test result is the fatigue life of the test specimen under a specific loading and environmental condition. Replicate tests may be used to obtain a distribution of fatigue life for specific material types, laminate stacking sequences, environments, and loading conditions. Guidance in statistical analysis of fatigue life data, such as determination of linearized stress life (S-N) or strain-life (ε-N) curves, can be found in Practice E739.  
5.2 This test method can be utilized in the study of fatigue damage in a polymer matrix composite such as the occurrence of microscopic cracks, fiber fractures, or delaminations.3 The specimen's residual strength or stiffness, or both, may change due to these damage mechanisms. The loss in stiffness may be quantified by discontinuing cyclic loading at selected cycle intervals to obtain the quasi-static axial stress-strain curve using modulus determination procedures found in Test Method D3039/D3039M. The loss in strength associated with fatigue damage may be determined by discontinuing cyclic loading to obtain the static strength using Test Method D3039/D3039M.  
Note 1: This test method may be used as a guide to conduct tension-tension variable amplitude loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of composite structures under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the fatigue behavior of polymer matrix composite materials subjected to tensile cyclic loading. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber reinforced composites for which the elastic properties are specially orthotropic with respect to the test direction. This test method is limited to unnotched test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial in-plane loading where the loading is defined in terms of a test control parameter.  
1.2 This test method presents two procedures where each defines a different test control parameter.  
1.2.1 Procedure A—A system in which the test control parameter is the load (stress) and the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude load cycles. In this procedure, the test control parameter may be described using either engineering stress or applied load as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
1.2.2 Procedure B—A system in which the test control parameter is the strain in the loading direction and the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude strain cycles. In this procedure, the test control parameter may be described using engineering strain in the loading direction as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
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1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial high bypass - low bearing interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers using a two-fastener hard point joint specimen. The scope of this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for this procedure. A number of test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test report. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. This test method was previously published under Test Method D7248/D7248M-17 Procedure C.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 This guide is intended to aid in the selection of standards for polymer matrix composite materials. It specifically summarizes the application of standards from ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials that apply to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. For reference and comparison, many commonly used or applicable ASTM standards from other ASTM Committees are also included.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes the application of ASTM standard test methods (and other supporting standards) to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. The most commonly used or most applicable ASTM standards are included, emphasizing use of standards of Committee D30 on Composite Materials.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test practice is designed to produce tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the tensile response and should therefore be reported include the following: materials (laminates and adhesive), methods of material preparation including surface preparation prior to bonding, lay-ups, specimen stacking sequence, joint taper ratio or step length, ply overlap length, material relative thicknesses and stiffness of the parent and repair laminates, adhesive bond stiffness, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test practice, include the following:  
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SCOPE
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1.3 Unidirectional (0° ply orientation) tape composites, textile composites, as well as multidirectional composite laminates, can be tested.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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ASTM D8484-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Plastic Lumber Materials and Wood-Plastic Composite Materials Used as Exterior Wall Coverings

SCOPE
1.1 This specification is applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials and of wood-plastic composite materials, and no other plastic composite materials, used as exterior wall coverings, as part of an exterior wall assembly.  
1.2 This specification is not applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials or of wood-plastic composite materials contained in exterior wall assemblies when not used as part of the exterior wall covering.  
1.3 This specification is not applicable to the use of any of the following types of materials:
(a) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) siding (see Specification D3679, for standard vinyl siding, or Specification D7793, for insulated vinyl siding),
(b) polypropylene siding (see Specification D7254),
(c) wood (including lumber, plywood, engineered wood, coated wood, or painted wood).  
1.4 This specification is not applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials or of wood-plastic composite materials in any application other than the one addressed in 1.1. In particular, this specification is not applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials or of wood-plastic composite materials as exterior deck boards, stair treads, handrails, guards, or soffits.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Any SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8066/D8066M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice Unnotched Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions for the use of Test Method D6484/D6484M to determine unnotched compressive strength data for material specifications, research and development, material design allowables, and quality assurance. Factors that influence compressive strengths and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Composite properties in the test direction that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Unnotched compressive (UNC) strength, Fxunc,  
5.1.2 Ultimate compressive strain,  
5.1.3 Compressive (linear or chord) modulus of elasticity, Ec, and  
5.1.4 Poisson's ratio in compression.  
5.2 This practice provides a compression test method for laminates containing fibers in multiple fiber directions, particularly those combining axial (0 degree) fibers and off-axis (± θ degree) fibers. Other compression strength test methods include SACMA SRM-1 (also known as the modified D695), D3410/D3410M, D5467/D5467M, D6641/D6641M, and D7249/D7249M. The SRM-1 test uses 12.6 mm [0.50 in.] wide specimens, which is only appropriate for unidirectional tape, cross-ply [0/90]ns tape, or small unit-cell-size fabrics (e.g. 3K-70-P). Larger cell-size fabrics (for example, spread-tow 12K fabrics) should be tested with wider specimens. The standard D3410/D3410M and D6641/D6641M test fixtures do permit the use of wider specimens, for example, 25.4 mm [1.0 in.] wide, and thus can be used to test laminates containing both axial and off-axis fibers; however their gage lengths are relatively short. Test Method D5467/D5467M is intended to obtain the compressive strength of unidirectional laminates, but is expensive due to the sandwich beam confi...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for using the Test Method D6484/D6484M open hole compression test fixture to determine unnotched compressive strength of multi-directional laminates. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C582-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP) Laminates for Corrosion-Resistant Equipment

ABSTRACT
This specification covers composition, thickness, fabricating procedures, and physical property requirements for glass fiber reinforced thermoset polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified thermosetting resin laminates comprising the materials of construction for RTP corrosion-resistant tanks, piping, and equipment. This specification is limited to fabrication by contact molding. Laminates shall be classified according to type, class, and grade: Types I and II; Classes P and V. Tensile strength and tangent modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, glass content, thickness, hardness, chemical resistance, and surface flame-spread classification tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers composition, thickness, fabricating procedures, and physical property requirements for glass fiber reinforced thermoset polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified thermosetting resin laminates comprising the materials of construction for RTP corrosion-resistant tanks, piping, and equipment. This specification is limited to fabrication by contact molding.  
Note 1: The laminates covered by this specification are manufactured during fabrication of contact-molded RTP tanks, piping, and other equipment.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in parentheses are conversions from inch-pound units and are for information only.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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