ASTM D7464-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Representative samples of fuel products and associated substances are required for the determination of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems in order to accurately assess the biodeterioration risk posed to the fuel, fuel-system components or both. Uncontrolled microbial contamination can affect fuel specification properties adversely.6 As discussed in Guide D6469, microbes can cause a variety of operational problems, including filter plugging and microbially influenced corrosion (MIC), the latter of which causes valve failure, tank and pipeline failure.
5.2 These practices for microbiological sampling decrease the risk of contaminating samples with extraneous microbes, thereby increasing the probability that the original microbial population in the sample does not change significantly between the time of sampling and the time of testing.
5.3 The objective of sampling for microbiological testing is to obtain representative samples that are likely to reflect the degree and nature of microbial contamination in the system from which the samples are collected. Manual 477 addresses the rationale for and design of microbial contamination programs. Recognizing that microbiological contamination is not distributed uniformly throughout fuel systems, both the number and types of samples collected will normally be different from the samples collected per Practice D4057 in order to determine whether product meets specifications.
5.4 The physical, chemical and microbiological property tests to be performed on a sample will dictate the sampling procedures, the sample quantity required, and many of the sample handling requirements.
5.5 Fuel systems are not normally designed to facilitate optimal microbiological sampling. Consequently, the selection of sampling device and sample source reflect compromises between accessibility and suitability for meeting the sample collection objective.
5.6 The guidance provided in Practice D4057 generally applies to ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers aspects of sample device preparation and sample handling that prevent samples from becoming contaminated with microorganisms not originally contained within the sample.
1.2 This practice also covers sample handling considerations that reflect the perishability of samples collected for microbiological testing.
1.3 This practice supplements Practice D4057 by providing guidance specific to the manual sampling of fuels when samples are to be tested for microbial contamination.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7464 − 20
Standard Practice for
Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and
1
Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There are several important characteristics that distinguish microbiological parameters from other
parameters for which manually collected fuel samples are tested.
Microbes, when present in fuels or fuel systems are invariably present as contaminants. Similarly
to particulates, microbes are discrete entities rather than dissolved solutes in fuel, however, unlike
inanimate particles; microbes can proliferate or die during the interval between sampling and testing.
An important consequence of this is that microbes introduced into the sample from sources other
than the sample itself, can proliferate and potentially eclipse the population indigenous to the sample.
Although microbes can be transported in fuel, they require free-water in order to grow and
proliferate. Consequently, microbes tend to form colonies that are embedded in hydrophilic matrices.
These matrices are most likely to form at system interfaces, including: fuel-water, fuel-structure,
bottom-water-structure and air and fuel-vapor to structure. Microbes growing within these colonies
producechemicals(metabolitesandbiomoleculardetritus)thataredeteriogenic(candegradefueland
fuel system components) and diffuse into fuel.
These factors combine to require unique practices specific to the collection of samples that are
intended for microbiological testing.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice covers aspects of sample device prepara-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
tion and sample handling that prevent samples from becoming
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contaminated with microorganisms not originally contained
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
within the sample.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This practice also covers sample handling consider-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ations that reflect the perishability of samples collected for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
microbiological testing.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This practice supplements Practice D4057 by providing
2
guidance specific to the manual sampling of fuels when
2.1 ASTM Standards:
samples are to be tested for microbial contamination.
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
D910Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
standard.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1655Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
D2069Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7464–19. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7464-20. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7464 − 20
D2880Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils 4.2.2 Swabbed areas are measured to facilitate test result
D3508Method for Evaluating Water Testing Membrane normalization into parameter units per unit surface area (for
3 2
Filters for Fec
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7464 − 19 D7464 − 20
Standard Practice for
Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and
1
Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There are several important characteristics that distinguish microbiological parameters from other
parameters for which manually collected fuel samples are tested.
Microbes, when present in fuels or fuel systems are invariably present as contaminants. Similarly
to particulates, microbes are discrete entities rather than dissolved solutes in fuel, however, unlike
inanimate particles; microbes can proliferate or die during the interval between sampling and testing.
An important consequence of this is that microbes introduced into the sample from sources other
than the sample itself, can proliferate and potentially eclipse the population indigenous to the sample.
Although microbes can be transported in fuel, they require free-water in order to grow and
proliferate. Consequently, microbes tend to form colonies that are embedded in hydrophilic matrices.
These matrices are most likely to form at system interfaces, including: fuel-water, fuel-structure,
bottom-water-structure and air and fuel-vapor to structure. Microbes growing within these colonies
produce chemicals (metabolites and biomolecular detritus) that are deteriogenic (can degrade fuel and
fuel system components) and diffuse into fuel.
These factors combine to require unique practices specific to the collection of samples that are
intended for microbiological testing.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers aspects of sample device preparation and sample handling that prevent samples from becoming
contaminated with microorganisms not originally contained within the sample.
1.2 This practice also covers sample handling considerations that reflect the perishability of samples collected for
microbiological testing.
1.3 This practice supplements Practice D4057 by providing guidance specific to the manual sampling of fuels when samples
are to be tested for microbial contamination.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019May 1, 2020. Published November 2019June 2020. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20142019 as
D7464 – 14.D7464 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D7464-19.10.1520/D7464-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7464 − 20
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D2069 Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
3
D3508 Method for Evaluating Water Testing Membrane Filters for Fecal Colifo
...
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