ASTM E1862-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer measuring its surface temperature. Two procedures are provided for measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature error source, the Reflector Method and the Direct Method.
5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory using commonly available materials.
5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities.
5.4 Due to the nature of the specimens, the repeatability and reproducibility are subjective. However, a measure of the precision of the procedures can be inferred from the results of the replicate procedures specified in 8.1.6 and 8.2.7.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.2
1.2 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized equipment, or both.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1862 −14
Standard Practice for
Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature
1
Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.5 specular reflector, n—a surface that produces a direct
image of a reflected source.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and
compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the 3.2 See also Terminology E1316.
surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging
2
4. Summary of Procedure
radiometer.
1.2 These procedures may involve use of equipment and 4.1 Two procedures are given for measuring the reflected
temperature of a specimen, the Reflector Method and the
materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized
equipment, or both. Direct Method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Aprocedure is also given for compensating for the error
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the produced by reflected temperature using the computer built
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- into an infrared imaging radiometer.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can
2. Referenced Documents
cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer mea-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
suringitssurfacetemperature.Twoproceduresareprovidedfor
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature
error source, the Reflector Method and the Direct Method.
3. Terminology
5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory
3.1 Definitions:
using commonly available materials.
3.1.1 diffuse reflector, n—a surface that produces a diffuse
image of a reflected source.
5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radi-
ometers that have the required computer capabilities.
3.1.2 infrared thermographer, n—the person using an infra-
red imaging radiometer.
5.4 Due to the nature of the specimens, the repeatability and
reproducibility are subjective. However, a measure of the
3.1.3 infrared reflector, n—a material with a reflectance as
precision of the procedures can be inferred from the results of
close as possible to 1.00.
the replicate procedures specified in 8.1.6 and 8.2.7.
3.1.4 reflected temperature, n—the temperature of the en-
ergy incident upon and reflected from the measurement surface
6. Interferences
of a specimen.
6.1 Reflector Method:
1 6.1.1 This procedure uses an infrared reflector with an
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on assumed reflectance of 1.00, which is an ideal property. Errors
Specialized NDT Methods.
can be minimized by using a reflector having a reflectance as
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
close as possible to 1.00.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1862 - 97(2010).
6.1.2 Specimens vary in that they can be diffuse or spectral
DOI:10.1520/E1862-14.
2
This practice was originally adapted in 1997, by agreement, from the Guideline
reflectors, or both. Use of an infrared reflector with reflectance
for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature, Emittance and
properties as close as possible to those of the specimen will
Transmittance developed by Infraspection Institute, 425 Ellis Street, Burlington, NJ
reduce errors.
08016.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Direct Method:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2.1 The Direct Method usually does not account for the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. heat from the infrared thermographer’s body as a source of
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1862−14
FIG. 1 Reflector Method
reflected temperature. If this heat source creates a significant
error, use the Reflector Method.
6.3 Reflected temperature errors produced by a point
source, such as the sun or a lamp, are difficult to measure
accurately.Theseerrorsourcescanoftenbeavoidedbymoving
the infrared imaging radiometer’s position and angle relative to
the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1862 − 97 (Reapproved 2010) E1862 − 14
Standard Test Methods Practice for
Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature
1
Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring and compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the surface
temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.
1.2 These test methods may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized
equipment, or both.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 diffuse reflector, n—a surface that produces a diffuse image of a reflected source.
3.1.2 infrared thermographer, n—the person using an infrared imaging radiometer.
3.1.3 infrared reflector, n—a material with a reflectance as close as possible to 1.00.
3.1.4 reflected temperature, n—the temperature of the energy incident upon and reflected from the measurement surface of a
specimen.
3.1.5 specular reflector, n—a surface that produces a direct image of a reflected source.
3.2 See also Terminology E1316.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Two test methods are given for measuring the reflected temperature of a specimen, the Reflector Method and the Direct
Method.
4.2 A test method is also given for compensating for the error produced by reflected temperature using the computer built into
an infrared imaging radiometer.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer measuring
its surface temperature. Two test methods are provided for measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature error source,
the Reflector Method and the Direct Method.
5.2 These test methods can be used in the field or laboratory using commonly available materials.
1
These test methods are This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E07.10 on Specialized NDT Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2014. Published March 2011December 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 as
ε1
E1862 - 97(2002)(2010). . DOI:10.1520/E1862-97R10. DOI:10.1520/E1862-14.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1862 − 14
FIG. 1 Reflector Method
5.3 These test methods can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities.
6. Interferences
6.1 Reflector Method:
6.1.1 This test method uses an infrared reflector with an assumed reflectance of 1.00, which is an ideal property. Errors can be
minimized by using a reflector having a reflectance as close as possible to 1.00.
6.1.2 Specimens vary in that they can be diffuse or spectral reflectors, or both. Use of an infrared reflector with reflectance
properties as close as possible to those of the specimen will reduce errors.
6.2 Direct Method:
6.2.1 The Direct Method usually does not account for the heat from the infrared thermographer’s body as a source of reflected
temperature. If this heat source creates a significant error, use the Reflector Method.
6.3 Reflected temperature errors produced by a point source, such as the sun or a lamp, are difficult to measure accurately. These
error sources can often be avoided by moving the infrared imaging radiometer’s position and angle relative to the specimen.
6.4 The measured reflected temperature of a specimen may be specific to the waveband of the infrared imaging
...
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