ASTM D1587-08(2012)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice, or Practice D3550 with thin wall shoe, is used when it is necessary to obtain a relatively intact specimen suitable for laboratory tests of engineering properties or other tests that might be influenced by soil disturbance.Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective sampling. Users of this practice. are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.TABLE 2 Suitable Thin-Walled Steel Sample TubesA
Outside diameter (Do):
in.
mm
2
50.8
3
76.2
5
127
Wall thickness:
Bwg
18
16
11
in.
0.049
0.065
0.120
mm
1.24
1.65
3.05
Tube length:
in.
m
36
0.91
36
0.91
54
1.45
Inside clearance ratio, %
A The three diameters recommended in Table 2 are indicated for purposes of standardization, and are not intended to indicate that sampling tubes of intermediate or larger diameters are not acceptable. Lengths of tubes shown are illustrative. Proper lengths to be determined as suited to field conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for using a thin-walled metal tube to recover relatively intact soil samples suitable for laboratory tests of engineering properties, such as strength, compressibility, permeability, and density. Thin-walled tubes used in piston, plug, or rotary-type samplers should comply with Section 6.3 of this practice which describes the thin-walled tubes.Note 1—This practice does not apply to liners used within the samplers.
1.2 This practice is limited to soils that can be penetrated by the thin-walled tube. This sampling method is not recommended for sampling soils containing gravel or larger size soil particles, cemented, or very hard soils. Other soil samplers may be used for sampling these soil types. Such samplers include driven split barrel samplers and soil coring devices (D1586, D3550, and D6151). For information on appropriate use of other soil samplers refer to D6169.
1.3 This practice is often used in conjunction with fluid rotary drilling (D1452, D5783) or hollow-stem augers (D6151). Subsurface geotechnical explorations should be reported in accordance with practice (D5434). This practice discusses some aspects of sample preservation after the sampling event. For information on preservation and transportation process of soil samples, consult Practice D4220. This practice does not address environmental sampling; consult D6169 and D6232 for information on sampling for environmental investigations.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 The tubing tolerances presented in Table 1 are from sources available in North America. Use of metric equivalent is acceptable as long as thickness and proportions are similar to those required in this standard.TABLE 1 Dimensional Tolerances for Thin-Walled Tubes
Nominal Tube Diameters from Table 2A Tolerances
Size Outside
Diameter
2
in.
50.8
mm
3
in.
76.2
mm
5
in.
127
mm
Outside diameter, Do
+0.007
+0.179
+0.010
+0.254
+0.015
0.381
-0.000
-0.000
-0.000
-0.000
-0.000
-0.000
Inside diameter, Di
+0.000
+0.000
+0.000
+0.000
+0.000
+0.000
-0.007
-0.179
-0.010
-0.254
-0.015
-0.381
Wall thickness
±0.007
±0.179
±0.010
±0.254
...
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Standards Content (Sample)
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´1
Designation: D1587 − 08(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical
Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in May 2012.
1. Scope 1.4.1 The tubing tolerances presented in Table 1 are from
sourcesavailableinNorthAmerica.Useofmetricequivalentis
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for using a thin-walled
acceptable as long as thickness and proportions are similar to
metal tube to recover relatively intact soil samples suitable for
those required in this standard.
laboratory tests of engineering properties, such as strength,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
compressibility, permeability, and density. Thin-walled tubes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used in piston, plug, or rotary-type samplers should comply
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with Section 6.3 of this practice which describes the thin-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
walled tubes.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This practice does not apply to liners used within the
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
samplers.
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
1.2 This practice is limited to soils that can be penetrated by
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
the thin-walled tube. This sampling method is not recom-
professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
mended for sampling soils containing gravel or larger size soil
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
particles,cemented,orveryhardsoils.Othersoilsamplersmay
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
be used for sampling these soil types. Such samplers include
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
driven split barrel samplers and soil coring devices (D1586,
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
D3550, and D6151). For information on appropriate use of
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
other soil samplers refer to D6169.
title of this document means only that the document has been
1.3 This practice is often used in conjunction with fluid
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
rotary drilling (D1452, D5783) or hollow-stem augers
(D6151). Subsurface geotechnical explorations should be re- 2. Referenced Documents
ported in accordance with practice (D5434). This practice
2.1 ASTM Standards:
discusses some aspects of sample preservation after the sam-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
plingevent.Forinformationonpreservationandtransportation
Fluids
process of soil samples, consult Practice D4220. This practice
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
does not address environmental sampling; consult D6169 and
Borings
D6232 for information on sampling for environmental inves-
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
tigations.
Barrel Sampling of Soils
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
Drive Sampling of Soils
and are not considered standard.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1587 – 08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1587-08R12E01. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1587 − 08 (2012)
TABLE 1 Dimensional Tolerances for Thin-Walled Tubes
3. Terminology
A
Nominal Tube Diameters from Table 2 Tolerances
3.1 Definitions:
Size Outside 2 50.8 3 76.2 5 127
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
Diameter in. mm in. mm in. mm
to Terminology D653.
Outside diameter, D +0.007 +0.179 +0.010 +0.254 +0.015 0.381
o
-0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Inside diameter, D +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000
i
3.2.1 inside clearance ratio, %, n—the ratio of the differ-
-0.007 -0.179 -0.010 -0.254 -0.015 -0.381
ence in the inside diameter of the tube, D, minus the inside
Wall thickness ±0.007 ±0.179 ±0.010 ±0.254 ±0.015 ±0.381
i
Ovality 0.015 0.381 0.020 0.508 0.030 0.762
diameter of the cutting edge, D , to the inside diameter of the
e
Straightness 0.030/ft 2.50/m 0.030/ft 2.50/m 0.030/ft 2.50/m
tube, D expressed as a percentage (see Fig. 1).
i
A
Intermediate or larger diameters should be proportional. Specify only two of the
3.2.2 ovality, n—the cross section of the tube that deviates
first three tolerances; that is, D and D,orD and Wall thickness, or D and Wall
o i o i
thickness.
from a perfect circle.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A relatively intact sample is obtained by pressing a
thin-walled metal tube into the in-situ soil at the bottom of a
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
boring, removing the soil-filled tube, and applying seals to the
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
soil surfaces to prevent soil movement and moisture gain or
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
loss.
Samples
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
5. Significance and Use
of Soil and Rock
5.1 This practice, or Practice D3550 with thin wall shoe, is
D5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-
used when it is necessary to obtain a relatively intact specimen
Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration
suitable for laboratory tests of engineering properties or other
and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitor-
tests that might be influenced by soil disturbance.
ing Devices
D6151 Practice for Using Hollow-StemAugers for Geotech-
NOTE 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
nical Exploration and Soil Sampling dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
D6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investi-
and objective sampling. Users of this practice. are cautioned that compli-
gations
ancewithPracticeD3740doesnotinitselfassurereliableresults.Reliable
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of
WasteandContaminatedMediaDataCollectionActivities evaluating some of those factors.
NOTE 1—Minimum of two mounting holes on opposite sides for D smaller than 4 in. (101.6 mm).
o
NOTE 2—Minimum of four mounting holes equally spaced for D 4 in. (101.6 mm) and larger.
o
NOTE 3—Tube held with hardened screws or other suitable means.
NOTE 4—2-in (50.8 mm) outside-diameter tubes are specified with an 18-gauge wall thickness to comply with area ratio criteria accepted for “intact
samples.” Users are advised that such tubing is difficult to locate and can be extremely expensive in small quantities. Sixteen-gauge tubes are generally
readily available.
Metric Equivalent Conversions
in. mm
⁄8 9.53
⁄2 12.7
1 25.4
2 50.8
3 76.2
4 101.6
5 127
FIG. 1 Thin-Walled Tube for Sampling
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D1587 − 08 (2012)
A
TABLE 2 Suitable Thin-Walled Steel Sample Tubes sample because chemical reactions between the metal and the soil sample
can occur with time.
Outside diameter (D ):
o
in. 2 3 5
6.4 Sampler Head, serves to couple the thin-walled tube to
mm 50.8 76.2 127
theinsertionequipmentand,togetherwiththethin-walledtube,
Wall thickness:
Bwg 18 16 11
comprisesthethin-walledtubesampler.Thesamplerheadshall
in. 0.049 0.065 0.120
contain a venting area and suitable check valve with the
mm 1.24 1.65 3.05
Tube length: venting area to the outside equal to or greater than the area
in. 36 36 54
through the check valve. In some special cases, a check valve
m 0.91 0.91 1.45
may not be required but venting is required to avoid sample
Inside clearance ratio, % <1 <1 <1
compression. Attachment of the head to the tube shall be
A
The three diameters recommended in Table 2 are indicated for purposes of
concentricandcoaxialtoassureuniformapplicationofforceto
standardization, and are not intended to indicate that sampling tubes of interme-
diate or larger diam
...
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