ASTM C878/C878M-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Restrained Expansion of Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete
Standard Test Method for Restrained Expansion of Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Since the potential for expansion, under conditions of controlled restraint, of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement cannot always be satisfactorily predicted from tests of mortars made in accordance with Test Method C 806, a need has been recognized for a test method in which concrete specimens are tested.
This test method can also be adapted readily to studies of expansion involving degrees of restraint, comparisons of cements, effects of cement contents, mixture proportions, schedules, or environmental treatments that differ from the standard procedures prescribed by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
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Designation: C878/C878M − 09
StandardTest Method for
Restrained Expansion of Shrinkage-Compensating
1
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C878/C878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
4
2.2 ACI Standards and Committee Reports:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expan-
116-R-90 Cement and Concrete Terminology
sion of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement.
223-83 Standard Practice for the Use of Shrinkage-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Compensating Concrete
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Terminology
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminol-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
ogy C219, Terminology C125, and ACI 116-R-90.
with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Since the potential for expansion, under conditions of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
controlled restraint, of concrete made with shrinkage-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
compensating cement cannot always be satisfactorily predicted
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
from tests of mortars made in accordance with Test Method
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
C806, a need has been recognized for a test method in which
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
concrete specimens are tested.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 This test method can also be adapted readily to studies
3
of expansion involving degrees of restraint, comparisons of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cements, effects of cement contents, mixture proportions,
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
schedules, or environmental treatments that differ from the
gregates
standard procedures prescribed by this test method.
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Laboratory
5. Apparatus
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination of 5.1 Molds, for casting test specimens, when used in con-
Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
junction with the restraining cage described in 4.2, shall
Concrete provide for forming prisms 76 mm [3 in.] square with a gage
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
length of 250 mm [10 in.]. The molds shall otherwise conform
for Test Methods for Construction Materials to the requirements for molds in Practice C490, except that the
C806 Test Method for Restrained Expansion of Expansive
stud holder, gage studs, and spacer screws described in that
Cement Mortar practice will not be used.
5.2 Restraining Cage, consisting of a threaded low-carbon
1
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
steel rod (plain or zinc-coated) with steel end plates held in
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.68
place by hex nuts as shown in Fig. 1. The hex nuts outside the
on Volume Change.
cage shall be of stainless steel. Stainless steel cap nuts shall be
Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally
put on each end of the rod. When tested in tension, within the
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C878–03. DOI:
10.1520/C0878_C0878M-09.
elastic range, the rod shall have a strain of 2800 kN [0.0012 6
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing ,
0.0001/630 lbf] of load (Note 1).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
the ASTM website. Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C878/C878M − 09
Dimensions
Measurement
in. mm
9 1
A11 ⁄16 ± ⁄16 294±1.6
B 10 254 (gage length)
C3 76
31
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C878/C878M–03 Designation:C878/C878M–09
Standard Test Method for
Restrained Expansion of Shrinkage-Compensating
1
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 878/C 878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns
2
to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
2
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic Cement, Mortar, and Concrete Terminology Relating to
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
2
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance Terminology Relating to
Hydraulic Cement
C 490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C 806 Test Method for Restrained Expansion of Expansive Cement Mortar
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
4
2.2 ACI Standards and Committee Reports:
116-R-90 Cement and Concrete Terminology
223-83 Standard Practice for the Use of Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology C 219, Terminology C 125, and ACI 116-R-90.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Since the potential for expansion, under conditions of controlled restraint, of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating
cement cannot always be satisfactorily predicted from tests of mortars made in accordance with Test Method C 806, a need has
been recognized for a test method in which concrete specimens are tested.
1
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.68 on
Volume Change.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as C878–95a.
Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 878–03.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing , Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C878/C878M–09
4.2 This test method can also be adapted readily to studies of expansion involving degrees of restraint, comparisons of cements,
effects of cement contents
...
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