ASTM D7465/D7465M-15(2019)

Standard Specification for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In Geomembrane Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) geomembrane intended for use in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The vulcanized rubber sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric or scrim reinforced.  
1.2 In-place geomembrane design criteria, such as field seaming strength and material compatibility, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2019
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.06 - Geosynthetic Specifications

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7465/D7465M − 15 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In
Geomembrane Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7465/D7465M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) geomembrane
D518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
intended for use in geotechnical and geoenvironmental appli-
Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)
cations. The tests and property limits used to characterize the
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
sheet are values to ensure minimum quality for the intended
Oven
use. The vulcanized rubber sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
or scrim reinforced.
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
1.2 In-place geomembrane design criteria, such as field
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
seaming strength and material compatibility, among others, are
D1149 Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Cracking in
factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this
an Ozone Controlled Environment
specification.
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
Temperature
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each D1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices—
Nomenclature
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance D2137 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Brittleness Point
of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
with the standard.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Geomembranes and Related Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D7004/D7004M Test Method for Grab Tensile Properties of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Reinforced Geomembranes
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thickness
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of Coatings Over Fabric Reinforcement
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
3.1.1 For definitions of other geosynthetics terms used in
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.06 on Geosyn-
this specification, refer to Terminology D4439.
thetic Specifications.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally 3.1.2 composite, n—factory-laminated non-woven geotex-
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7465/D7465M – 15.
tile and EPDM.
DOI: 10.1520/D7465_D7465M-15R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7465/D7465M − 15 (2019)
3.1.3 EPDM, n—terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and polymer used in the sheet and shall be greater than 95 % of the
diene with the residual unsaturated portion of the diene in the total polymer content.
side chain. D1418
5.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable of
being bonded watertight to itself and the supplier or fabricator
4. Classification
shall recommend suitable methods.
4.1 Types describe the sheet construction:
6. Physical Properties and Requirements
4.1.1 Type I—Non-reinforced.
6.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirements
4.1.2 Type II—Scrim (or fabric) internally reinforced.
prescribed in Table 1.
5. Materials and Manufacture
6.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,
5.1 The sheet shall be formulated from EPDM polymers and and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever is
other compounding ingredients. EPDM shall be the principal greater, unless otherwise specified.
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for EPDM Sheet
Nominal Sheet
Property ASTM Type I Type II
Thickness
Thickness, min, mm [in.]:
Sheet-overall D412 1.14 [0.045]
1.52 [0.060]
D751 1.14 [0.045]
1.52 [0.060]
Coating over scrim or fabric D7635/D7635M 1.14 [0.045] . . . 0.38 [0.015]
1.52 [0.060] 0.59 [0.022]
Breaking Strength, min, N [lbf] D7004/D7004M Grab Method 1.14 [0.045] . . . 400 [90]
1.52 [0.060] 400 [90]
Tensile strength, min, MPa [psi] D412 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 9.0 [1305] . . .
1.52 [0.060] 9.0 [1305]
Puncture Resistance N [lbs] Min. D4833/D4833M 1.14 [0.045] 133 [30] 270 [60]
1.52 [0.060] 178 [40] 350 [80]
A
Elongation, ultimate, min % D412 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 300 250
A
1.52 [0.060] 300
Elongation @ fabric break, ultimate, min, %
Machine direction D7004/D7004M, Grab Method, 1.14 [0.045] 15
50 mm [2 in.] per minute 1.52 [0.060] 15
Cross direction jaw separation rate 1.14 [0.045] 15
1.52 [0.060] 15
Tensile set, max D412 Method A, Die C 1.14 [0.045] 10 . . .
1.52 [0.060] 10
Tear resistance, min, kN/m [lbf/in.] D624 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 26.27 [150] . . .
1.52 [0.060] 40.28 [230]
Tearing strength, min, N [lbf] D5884 1.14 [0.045] . . . 580 [130]
1.52 [0.060] 750 [170]
Brittleness point, max °C [°F] D2137 1.14 [0.045] –45 [–49] –45 [–49]
1.52 [0.060] –45 [–49] –45 [–49]
Ozone resistance, no cracks D1149 1.14 [0.045] pass pass
1.52 [0.060] pass pass
Heat Aging: D573
Breaking strength, min, N [lbf] D7004/D7004M 1.14 [0.045] 356 [80]
1.52 [0.060] 888 [200]
Tensile strength, min, MPa [psi] D412 Method A, Die C 1.14 [0.045] 8.3 [1205] . . .
1.52 [0.060] 8.3 [1205]
A
Elongation, ultimate, min, % D412 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 200 200
A
1.52 [0.060] 200
Tear resistance, min, kN/m [lbf/in.] D624 Die C 1.14 {0.045] 21.9 [125] . . .
1.52 [0.060] 37.3 [213]
Linear dimensional change, max, % D1204 1.14 [0.045] ±1 ±1
1.52 [0.060] ±1 ±1
A
Water absorption, max, mass, % D471 1.14 [0.045] ±8, –2 ±8, –2
A
±8, –2
1.52 [0.060] ±8, –2
Laboratory Accelerated Weathering: G151 and G155
Visual Inspection D518 1.14 [0.045] No cracks No cracks
1.52 [0.060] No cracks No cracks
PRFSE, min, % 1.14 [0.045] 30 . . .
1.52 [0.060] 30
Elongation, ultimate, min, % 1.14 [0.045] 200 . . .
1.52 [0.060] 200
A
Specimens to be prepared from coating rubber compound, vulcanized in a similar method to the reinforced products.
D7465/D7465M − 15 (2019)
6.3 Tolerances for temperature shall be 62 °C [64 °F]. [3-in.] diameter mandrel for 166 6 1.66 h exposure. The
required specimen width is 25 mm [1 in.].
7. Dimensions
9.14 Heat Aging—Test Method D573. Age sheet at 116 6
2 °C [240 6 4 °F] for 670 6 6.7 h. Specimens are then cut
7.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed upon
from the aged sheet for testing of breaking strength, tensile
between the purchaser and the supplier.
strength, elongation, and tear resistance.
7.1.1 The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, –0 %.
9.15 Linear Dimensional Change—Test Method D1204.
7.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, –10 % of the
thickness agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier, but
9.16 Water Absorption—Test Method D471, at 70 6 2 °C
in no case shall the thickness be less than the minimum listed
[158 6 4 °F] for 166 6 1.66 h.
in Table 1.
9.17 Laboratory-Accelerated Weathering—Accelerated
weathering tests shall be performed in accordance with Prac-
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
tices G151 and G155. These tests are performed on the intact
8.1 The sheet, including the full width of factory seams if
sheet with the weathering side facing the lamps. Mount
present, shall be fully adhered, watertight, and visibly free of specimens for exp
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7465/D7465M − 15 D7465/D7465M − 15 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In
Geomembrane Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7465/D7465M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 9 was editorially corrected in July 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) geomembrane intended for
use in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values to
ensure minimum quality for the intended use. The vulcanized rubber sheet may be non-reinforced, fabric or scrim reinforced.
1.2 In place In-place geomembrane design criteria, such as field seaming strength,strength and material compatibility, among
others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oven
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D1149 Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Cracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices—Nomenclature
D2137 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Brittleness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
D5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
D7004/D7004M Test Method for Grab Tensile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes
D7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Coatings Over Fabric Reinforcement
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.06 on Geosynthetic
Specifications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015April 1, 2019. Published May 2015April 2019. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
D7465D7465/D7465M – 15.–08. DOI: 10.1520/D7465_D7465M-15E01.10.1520/D7465_D7465M-15R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7465/D7465M − 15 (2019)
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of other geosyntheticgeosynthetics terms used in this guide,specification, refer to Terminology D4439.
3.1.2 composite, n—factory laminated factory-laminated non-woven geotextile and EPDM.
3.1.3 EPDM, n—terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and diene with the residual unsaturated portion of the diene in the side
chain. D1418
4. Classification
4.1 Types describe the sheet construction:
4.1.1 Type I—Non-reinforced.
4.1.2 Type II—Scrim (or fabric) internally reinforced.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The sheet shall be formulated from EPDM polymers and other compounding ingredients. EPDM shall be the principal
polymer used in the sheet and shall be greater than 95 % of the total polymer content.
5.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable of being bonded watertight to itself and the supplier or fabricator shall
recommend suitable methods.
6. Physical Properties and Requirements
6.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table 1.
6.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering, and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period;period, whichever
is greater, unless otherwise specified.
6.3 Tolerances for temperature shall be 62°C [64°F].62 °C [64 °F].
7. Dimensions
7.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
7.1.1 The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, -0–0 %.
7.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, -10–10 % of the thickness agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier, but in
no case shall the thickness be less than the minimum listed in Table 1.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
8.1 The sheet, including the full width of factory seams if present, shall be fully adhered, watertight, and visibly free of pinholes,
particles of foreign matter, undispersed raw material, or other manufacturing defects that might affect serviceability. If the number
of irregularities in the form of pockmarks (see Note 1) appearappears excessive on the sheet (or portion thereof), then its rejection
shall be negotiated between involved parties.
NOTE 1—Pockmarks are oblong depressions, cavities, or craters on the surface of the sheet that have an approximate surface dimension of 3.2 by 1.6
mm [1/8 by ⁄16 in.], and have a maximum depth approaching one half of the sheet thickness.
8.2 Edges of the sheets shall be straight and flat so that they may be seamed to one another without fishmouthing.
9. Test Methods
9.1 Dimensions—Test Methods D751, after permitting the sheet to relax at 23 6 2°C2 °C [73.4 6 4°F]4 °F] for 1 h 6 15 min.
9.2 Thickness, Sheet Overall—From across the full width of the unbuffed sheet, take three samples, 300 by 300 mm [1 by 1 ft].
Measure the thickness of each corner. Refer to Test Methods D412 for Type I sheet and Test Methods D751 for Type II sheet.
9.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (Reinforcing Fabric)—Optical Fabric) – Optical Method—see Annex A1.
9.4 Breaking Strength—Test Methods D751, Grab Method.
9.5 Tensile Strength—Test Methods D412, Die C.
9.6 Puncture Resistance—Test Method D4833/D4833M.
9.7 Elongation, Ultimate—Test Methods D412, Die C.
9.8 Elongation at Fabric Break, Ultimate—Test Methods D751, Grab Method, 50 mm [2 in.] per minute jaw separation rate.
9.9 Tensile Set—Test Methods D412, Method A, Die C, 50 % 50 % elongation.
9.10 Tear Resistance—Test Method D624, Die C.
D7465/D7465M − 15 (2019)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for EPDM Sheet
Nominal Sheet
Property ASTM Type I Type II
Thickness
Thickness, min, mm [in.]:
Sheet-overall D412 1.14 [0.045]
1.52 [0.060]
D751 1.14 [0.045]
1.52 [0.060]
Coating over scrim or fabric D7635/D7635M 1.14 [0.045] . 0.38 [0.015]
1.52 [0.060] 0.59 [0.022]
Coating over scrim or fabric D7635/D7635M 1.14 [0.045] . . . 0.38 [0.015]
1.52 [0.060] 0.59 [0.022]
Breaking Strength, min, N [lbf] D7004/D7004M Grab Method 1.14 [0.045] . 400 [90]
1.52 [0.060] 400 [90]
Breaking Strength, min, N [lbf] D7004/D7004M Grab Method 1.14 [0.045] . . . 400 [90]
1.52 [0.060] 400 [90]
Tensile strength, min, MPa [psi] D412 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 9.0 [1305] .
1.52 [0.060] 9.0 [1305]
Tensile strength, min, MPa [psi] D412 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 9.0 [1305] . . .
1.52 [0.060] 9.0 [1305]
Puncture Resistance N [lbs] Min. D4833/D4833M 1.14 [0.045] 133 [30] 270 [60]
1.52 [0.060] 178 [40] 350 [80]
A
Elongation, ultimate, min % D412 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 300 250
A
1.52 [0.060] 300
Elongation @ fabric break, ultimate, min, %
Machine direction D7004/D7004M, Grab Method, 1.14 [0.045] 15
50 mm [2 in.] per minute 1.52 [0.060] 15
jaw separation rate
Cross direction 1.14 [0.045] 15
1.52 [0.060] 15
Tensile set, max D412 Method A, Die C 1.14 [0.045] 10 .
1.52 [0.060] 10
Tensile set, max D412 Method A, Die C 1.14 [0.045] 10 . . .
1.52 [0.060] 10
Tear resistance, min, kN/m [lbf/in.] D624 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 26.27 [150] .
1.52 [0.060] 40.28 [230]
Tear resistance, min, kN/m [lbf/in.] D624 Die C 1.14 [0.045] 26.27 [150] . . .
1.52 [0.060] 40.28 [230]
Tearing strength, min, N [lbf] D5884 1.14 [0.045] . 580 [130]
1.52 [0.060] 750 [170]
Tearing strength, min, N [lbf] D5884 1.14 [0.045] . . . 580 [130]
1.52 [0.060] 750 [170]
Brittleness point, max °C [°F] D2137 1.14 [0.045] –45 [–49] –45 [–49]
1.52 [0.060] –45 [–49] –45 [–49]
Ozone resistance, no cracks D1149 1.14 [0.045] pass pa
...