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ASTM D71-94(2019)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)

Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and asphalts as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts with softening points above 70 °C.  
1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural fragments free of cracks. The use of cast cubes is not recommended due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2019
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D71-94(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM D61-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM D4296-83(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015
Refers
ASTM D4296-18 - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM D61-15 - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D2962-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Calculating Volume-Temperature Correction For Coal-Tar Pitches
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4892-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density of Solid Pitch (Helium Pycnometer Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4074/D4074M-11(2022) - Standard Test Method for Bitumen and Aggregate Content of Bitumen-Aggregate Mixtures From Roofing Samples
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM C461-23 - Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM C990M-09(2019) - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM C990-09(2019) - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7280-20 - Standard Test Method for Quinoline-Insoluble (QI) Content of Tar and Pitch by Stainless Steel Crucible Filtration
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D2318-20 - Standard Test Method for Quinoline-Insoluble (QI) Content of Tar and Pitch
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4383-21 - Standard Specification for Plowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4280-18 - Standard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019

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ASTM D71-94(2019) - Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)ASTM D71-94(2019) - Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
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ASTM D71-94(2019) - Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D71 − 94 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative
3.1.1 relative density—the ratio of a given volume of
density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts
materialat25 °Ctothemassofanequalvolumeofwateratthe
with softening points above 70 °C.
same temperature (specific gravity).
1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be
determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural frag- 4. Summary of Test Method
mentsfreeofcracks.Theuseofcastcubesisnotrecommended
4.1 The sample is suspended from a thin wire and weighed,
due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.
first in air, then submerged in water at 25.0 °C. The relative
density is calculated from these masses.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
asphaltsasoneelementinestablishinguniformityofshipments
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and sources of supply.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Pan Straddle, suitable for use with an analytical bal-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
ance.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6.2 Analytical Balance, equipped with a hook above the pan
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and capable of weighing a 20 g specimen to 1 mg.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6.3 Water Bath, maintained at 25.0 °C 6 0.2 °C and pro-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
vided with mechanical stirring/circulation.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.4 Thermometer, capable of measuring water temperature
of 25.0 °C 6 0.2 °C (or other suitable temperature measuring
2. Referenced Documents
instrument).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.5 Nichrome Wire, 0.127 mm diameter or monofilament
D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-
nylon fishing line of about the same diameter for attaching
Water Method)
specimen to the balance pan hook.
D140 Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch
7. Bulk Sampling
7.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordance
with Practice D140 or Practice D4296, and shall be free of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
foreign substances. Thoroughly mix the sample before remov-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
ing a representative portion for the determination.
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
8. Test Specimens
ɛ1
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D71 – 94 (2015) .
DOI: 10.1520/D0071-94R19.
8.1 Select two fragments of the bulk sample weighing
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
between 5 g and 20 g each. Inspect the fragments carefully to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ensure the use of specimens free of cracks and other surface
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. defects.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D71 − 94 (2019)
8.2 If the nature of the material is such that specimens can 9.3 Repeat the determination with the second test specimen.
be cast without incorporation of air bubbles, follow the
preparation and casting directions in Test Method D61. Cube
10. Calculation
molds measuring a minimum of 12.7 mm per side or larger can
10.1 Calculate the relative density of the material under te
...

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Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity at 60 °C [140 °F] characterizes flow behavior and may be used for specification requirements for cutback asphalt and asphalt binders.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of the apparent viscosity of asphalt binder by vacuum capillary viscometers at 60 °C [140 °F]. It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa·s [0.036 to over 200 000 P].  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60 °C [140 °F].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The apparent viscosity for non-Newtonian asphalt binders varies with shear rate. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined using this test method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions of this test can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes or with different pressure heads. The defined precision limits in Section 11 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders. Test Method D4957 may be a more applicable method for testing non-Newtonian asphalts.  
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