ASTM D1560-09a
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus
Standard Test Methods for Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The results of the deformation and cohesion tests can be used for specification purposes or for mix design purposes, or both. For example, these values can be used for specification compliance testing of aggregate properties. They can also be used for specification compliance testing of the mix. The cohesion test is sometimes used for fine mixes such as sand mixes wherein cohesion, or tensile strength, is of major or primary importance. The cohesion test is also sometimes used for the design of cold mixes containing emulsified asphalt.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of (1) the resistance to deformation of compacted bituminous mixtures by measuring the lateral pressure developed when applying a vertical load by means of the Hveem stabilometer and (2) the cohesion of compacted bituminous mixtures by measuring the force required to break or bend the sample as a cantilever beam by means of the Hveem cohesiometer.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1560 − 09a
StandardTest Methods for
Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous
1
Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of (1) the 3.1 The results of the deformation and cohesion tests can be
resistance to deformation of compacted bituminous mixtures used for specification purposes or for mix design purposes, or
by measuring the lateral pressure developed when applying a both. For example, these values can be used for specification
vertical load by means of the Hveem stabilometer and (2) the compliance testing of aggregate properties. They can also be
cohesion of compacted bituminous mixtures by measuring the used for specification compliance testing of the mix. The
force required to break or bend the sample as a cantilever beam cohesion test is sometimes used for fine mixes such as sand
2
by means of the Hveem cohesiometer. mixes wherein cohesion, or tensile strength, is of major or
primary importance. The cohesion test is also sometimes used
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
for the design of cold mixes containing emulsified asphalt.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
RESISTANCE TO DEFORMATION
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Stabilometer—The Hveem stabilometer (Fig. 1 and Fig.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2) is a triaxial testing device consisting essentially of a rubber
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sleeve within a metal cylinder containing a liquid which
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
registers the horizontal pressure developed by a compacted test
specimen as a vertical load is applied.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Testing Machine— A compression testing machine hav-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing a minimum capacity of 10 000 lbf (44.5 kN). Fig. 3 shows
D1561 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test
the stabilometer in a testing machine. The 50 000 lbf (22-kN)
Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor
capacity compression testing machine specified in Practice
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
D1561, is normally used to perform the stabilometer test.
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
4.3 Test Specimen Push-Out Device—A device, to push the
2.2 California Department of Transportation Standards:
specimen out of the mold.
2
Test 306 Method of Test for Cohesiometer Value
2
4.4 Oven—An oven capable of maintaining a temperature of
Test 366 Method of Test for Stabilometer Value
140 6 5°F (60 6 3°C).
4.5 CalibrationCylinder—Ahollow metal cylinder 4.000 6
1
0.005 in. (101.6 6 0.13 mm) in outside diameter by 5.50 6
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on
Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
0.25 in. (140 6 6.4 mm) high (for calibration purposes).
D04.20 on Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
4.6 Rubber Bulb—For introducing air into the stabilometer.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1560 – 09. DOI:
4.7 Follower—One solid wall metal follower 3.985 in.
10.1520/D1560-09A.
1
2
(101.2 mm) in diameter by 5 ⁄2 in. (140 mm) high (see Fig. 4
A more detailed description of the procedures for performing the tests is
available on request from the California Dept. of Transportation, 5900 Folsom
and Fig. 5).
Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95819. Also available is a procedure containing details
regarding the operation and calibration of the stabilometer and the replacement of
5. Test Specimens
the stabilometer diaphragm.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Test specimens shall be mixed and compacted in accor-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dance with those procedures normally used. The procedure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. described in Practice D1561 is a suitable procedure.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1560–09 Designation:D1560–09a
Standard Test Methods for
Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous
1
Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of (1) the resistance to deformation of compacted bituminous mixtures by
measuring the lateral pressure developed when applying a vertical load by means of the Hveem stabilometer and (2) the cohesion
of compacted bituminous mixtures by measuring the force required to break or bend the sample as a cantilever beam by means
2
of the Hveem cohesiometer.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1561 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Cohesiometer
2.3 California Department of Transportation Standards:
2
Test 306 Method of Test for Cohesiometer Value
2
Test 366 Method of Test for Stabilometer Value
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The results of the deformation and cohesion tests can be used for specification purposes or for mix design purposes, or both.
For example, these values can be used for specification compliance testing of aggregate properties. They can also be used for
specification compliance testing of the mix. The cohesion test is sometimes used for fine mixes such as sand mixes wherein
cohesion, or tensile strength, is of major or primary importance. The cohesion test is also sometimes used for the design of cold
mixes containing emulsified asphalt.
RESISTANCE TO DEFORMATION
4. Apparatus
4.1 Stabilometer— The Hveem stabilometer (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) is a triaxial testing device consisting essentially of a rubber
sleeve within a metal cylinder containing a liquid which registers the horizontal pressure developed by a compacted test specimen
as a vertical load is applied.
4.2 Testing Machine— A compression testing machine having a minimum capacity of 10 000 lbf (44.5 kN). Fig. 3 shows the
stabilometer in a testing machine. The 50 000 lbf (22-kN) capacity compression testing machine specified in Practice D1561, is
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
´1
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1560–05 . DOI:
10.1520/D1560-09.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1560 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/D1560-09A.
2
AmoredetaileddescriptionoftheproceduresforperformingthetestsisavailableonrequestfromtheCaliforniaDept.ofTransportation,5900FolsomBlvd.,Sacramento,
CA 95819. Also available is a procedure containing details regarding the operation and calibration of the stabilometer and the replacement of the stabilometer diaphragm.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D1560–09a
TABLE 1
A—Air cell.
B—Displacement pump.
C—200-psi pressure gauge.
D—Ames dial.
E—Base adjustment nut.
F—Bottom of upper tapered ring.
FIG. 1 Hveem Stabilometer
NOTE 1—Thespecimenisgivenlateralsupportbytheflexiblesidewall,whichtransmitshorizontalpressuretotheli
...
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